1、专题14名词性从句的基本用法一、种类：名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。顾名思义，名词性从句在句中充当名词的功能（主语、宾语、表语、同位），其中同位语从句特别需要与定语从句进行区别。分析主语从句的关键就在于看从句在整个句子中做什么成分。连词在从句中做什么成分。口诀：缺什么补什么，不缺补that。1. 主语从句：句子充当主语，可以是陈述句，也可以是一般疑问句，还可以是特殊疑问句，但是后两者都用陈述语序。主语从句如果是一般疑问句，那么连词用“whether”，不能用“if”。That the school was shut down annoyed all the villa
2、gers. 等于It annoyed all the villagers that the school was shut down. Whether we can reach the destination on time puzzles all of us. 等于It puzzles all of us whether we can reach the destination on time.What he said disappointed the people present. 等于It disappointed the people present what he said. 2.
3、主语从句中，是整个句子的含义做主语，除了-ever结构。Who broke the window should be criticized. 谁打碎玻璃（这件事）应该受到批评。Whoever broke the window should be criticized. 无论谁打的玻璃（这个人）应该受到批评做名词性从句的原则: 缺什么补什么，不缺补that。He hold the belief that wolves can be trained like dogs.经常主语从句会是下面的结构：It is strange/of great importance/ true/ certain /a
4、mazing thatIt is a pity / a shame/ fun/ my pleasure/ that.It is reported/said/suggested/believed/ thatIt is known to all that.3. 宾语从句：句子充当宾语，仍然是陈述句、疑问句都可以做宾语从句，语序用陈述。如果是陈述句做宾语，第一个连词that可以省略。如果从句是一般疑问句的话，而且做介词的宾语，连词只能用“whether”,不能用“if”。He knew (that) the war could last a few more years. He wondered i
5、f the room could be used as a study.He wondered where they could have the meeting. 经常会出现：I dont know where to park my car. Tell me how to deal with his rudeness. 4. 表语从句：句子充当表语。 表语从句的连词可以有“because”和“as if”This is how I managed to go out of the forest all by myself.That he was late was because his ca
6、r broke down on the road. 5. 同位语从句：在主语、宾语、表语等位置，与同位置的名词充当相同成份的句子形式。 同位语从句如果是一般疑问句，连词不能用“if”, 只能用“whether”。The news shocked him that the president was killed in the aircraft. (主语)He told me the secret that he had never been able to tell colors. (宾语)That is the result that no one passed the exam. (表语)
7、同位语从句中经常会出现抽象名词如：news, information, belief, idea, problem, fact, plan, evidence, proof, doubt, result, reason, chance, importance, possibility 等。6. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：两者都出现了名词，但是定语从句先行词一定能欠在从句中，充当成份；而同位语从句是对名词进行具体化解释，被解释的名词无法嵌在句子中，充当成份。比如：The news shocked him that the president was killed in the aircraft
8、.本句中，the president was killed in the aircraft=the news，充当主语。The news which shocked us was that the president was killed in the aircraft. 本句中，which指代的是the news, 在从句中仍然充当主语。二、实战演练：1.单句语法填空。注意：有上下文支持时，答案是唯一；但如脱离的上下文，答案可能不唯一。They want to know _ the meeting will be held.本题如果没有语境，可以填if/whether, why, when,
9、 where等连接词，都能符合语法要求。1). It did not occur to us _walking was a hardship. 2). It is not surprising _ young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. 3). Keep in mind_ forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person upsetting you.4). The
10、puzzled expression on her face suggested _she didnt know how she could express her feelings properly. 5). If others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does _really matter where my motivation lies? 6). Head to a natural history museum. This is _ kids can discover the past from dinosau
11、r models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky. 7). _the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds. 8). In study after study,_ appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. 9). “But we all have to accept _as we get older
12、our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is _ people stop driving before they really need to. ” 10). Hollywoods theory_machines with evil minds will drive armies of kille
13、r robots is just silly.11). The beauty of rereading lies in the idea _ our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. 12). Its about the now and _ one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. 13). Its this strange form_ makes race walking
14、 such an attractive activity. 14). Were thinking about_we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day. 15). Its been reported_76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work16). The good news is _ its simple to learn and can be worth the ef
15、fort. 17). In some cases, its not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio_has activists worried. 18). Its hard to tell exactly how _ people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. 19). We were so amazed _ they could stay underwater mu
16、ch longer than us local islanders. 20)._ finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it. 21). Why does _ matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes? 22). This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipmen
17、t and Internet facilities. The question, however, is _this is what the developing countries need the most. 23). While they are rare north of 88, there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 24). In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have
18、 reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a (believe) that populations are increasing. 25). He likes_ he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom hes on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction（交流）. 26). However, if o
19、thers benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter _ my motivation lies? 27). The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and _ the wallet wassafe. 28). Dependingon _role you choose, you could help to increase a communitys access to safe drinking water, or help to protect
20、valuable local cultures.29). Dreaming about_you would want to read minds, see through walls, or have superhuman strength may sound silly, but it actually gets to the heart of what really matters in your life.30). When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for_his family might need, he b
21、urst into tears.2. 仿写句子：1). An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.一个奇怪的现象就是无论屋子的温度高还是低人们都会抱怨。 A strange phenomenon is _一种理论是，孩子越早接触人工智能产品，他们在未来的生活中越能占尽优势。 One theory is_车的一个问题就是当人们发现很难停车的时候，人们会把车随意停放，因此给其他路人带来的麻烦。A problem with cars is_2). Itis not
22、that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children. 当我们说到健身，是你的坚持而不是慢跑本身才真正重要的。It is_.是照顾婴儿而非工作负荷让我疲惫不堪。It is _. 是遮阳而非护肤产品对你的皮肤真的有好处。It is_.3). Its said that they have left for Hawaii for their honeymoon. 据说看生长的绿色植物能减压。It is said_.据说肢体语言在社交中起着重要的作用。 It issaid_. 预计到2050年中国的老年人将占
23、总人口的30%。It is estimated_.4). Weshould alwayskeepitinmindthatoursocietycannotprosperandthrivewithouthonesty.记住你所说的将被作为法庭证据。 _. 教授声明任何人翘课超过10次将被挂科。The professor_. 除非你所拨打的号码不在服务区，否则手机能让你联系到你想联系的任何人。Cell phones_.5). It is likely that babies are not born knowing the basic fact of the universe真奇怪他们不经主人允许就
24、拿走了那些书。It is_.真遗憾我不能参加你下周即将要举行的生日聚会。It is _. 很有可能电瓶车从长远的角度来说消耗更高因为生产工艺还不够成熟。It is _. 答案：1.that 2.that 3.that 4.that 5.it 6.where 7.What 8.it 9.that,that 10. that 11.that 12. what 13. that 14.how 15.that 16.that 17. that 18.many 19.that 20.Whoever 21.it 22. whether23.that 24.belief 25. that 26.where
25、27.that 28. which 29. whether 30. whatever仿写参考译文：1）(that people complaint about the room temperature whether it is high or low.) (that the earlier children get access to AI products, the better priority they will gain in their future life.) (that when people find it hard to park their cars they will
26、 leave them anywhere they can find, thus bringing trouble to other road-users.)2). (not jogging itself but the persistence that really matters when it comes to body building.)(not the load of work but taking care of the baby that actually weighed me down.)(not the skincare product but the protection
27、 against the sunlight that does good to your skin.)3). (that looking at green growing things can reduce your stress.)(that body language plays an important role in social communication.) (that in China senior citizens will account for 30% of the total population by 2050.)4). (Keep it in mind that wh
28、at you have said will be evidence at court.) (made it clear that whoever skipped classes for more than 10 times would fail the course.) (make it possible that you can reach anyone unless thenumberyouare callingis not inservice.)5). (strange that they should have taken the books without the owners permission.) (a pity that I cant attend your birthday party in the coming week.)(likely that the e-cars may cost higher expenses in the long run as manufacturingprocesses are not perfect enough.)