1、核心素养测评四十 Module 46. 阅读理解People possess the same physical organs for sensing the world: we have eyes for seeing, ears for hearing, noses for smelling. But does everyone really sense the world in exactly the same way? Two linguists, Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf, didnt think so. They believed that p
2、eoples perception(感知) of the world depends very much on the language they speak. They believed that language is essentially like a pair of eyeglasses; it influences the way we “see” the world. Take a rainbow for example. We see six colors in it. But is that all? Do you see any others? In many cultur
3、es, speakers of different languages might tell you there are more than six colors, or they might tell you there are less! The two linguists went to Mexico to investigate this perception of color, comparing the difference between English speakers and the people in Mexico. The Mexicans use one word fo
4、r the two words English uses for blue and green. They label blue and green as one color. So, they saw five colors in a rainbow. Another famous example shows how language can be a reflection of concepts important to a particular culture. Americans and the British use only a few terms to describe snow
5、: snow, sleet, freezing rain, and a few others. Eskimos, on the other hand, have many words to describe snow. Snow that is falling, on the ground, in blocks, and snow that makes wavy patternseach are explained through separate words. Snow is an important part of Eskimo life and its culture. Thus it
6、is necessary that Eskimos have the vocabulary to specifically describe it. Language influences thought, but it doesnt determine what concepts were able to think of. If we dont have a particular word in our language, it just takes more time and more words for us to describe that concept. It is a prob
7、lem of translation, not of our ability to be able to imagine the concept. 【文章大意】本文是说明文。两个语言学家经过研究发现人们对事物的感知依赖于他们说的不同语言。不同语言对某些事物的描述是不一样的, 导致人们对同一事物的认识有所差异。这给翻译造成一定困难, 但不影响人们对概念的理解。1. How does the author describe the impact of language on peoples perception? A. By giving examples. B. By raising quest
8、ions. C. By doing experiments. D. By listing numbers. 【解析】选A。写作方法题。根据第二段中“Take a rainbow for example. ”可知作者通过举例子说明了语言对人们感知的影响。故选A。2. Why do Mexicans only see five colors in a rainbow? A. They cant tell blue and green. B. They are mostly color-blind. C. Their language is underdeveloped. D. They use o
9、ne word for two of the colors. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中“The Mexicans use one word for the two words English uses for blue and green. ”可知, 在墨西哥语中, 蓝色和绿色是一个词表达的, 所以他们在彩虹中看到的是五种颜色。故选D。3. What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A. Eskimos live on snow. B. American people dont like snow. C. Language is r
10、elated to specific life and culture. D. Language differences lie in different weather. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第四段中“Snow is an important part of Eskimo life and its culture. Thus it is necessary that Eskimos have the vocabulary to specifically describe it. ”可推知, 语言与人们的生活和文化是有联系的。故选C。4. What is the conclusion
11、 of the study? A. Language impacts the concept we think of. B. Language affects the way we think, not the idea. C. Everyone senses the world in the same way. D. Everyone has the ability to translate languages. 【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Language influences thought, but it doesnt determine what concepts we
12、re able to think of. ”可知, 语言影响着人们的思维(方式), 但无法决定人们所能思考的内容。故选B。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. possess v. 拥有; 控制2. depend on取决于, 依赖3. essentiallyadv. 本来; 本质上4. labelv. 贴标签于5. reflection n. 反射; 映像6. describev. 描写7. specifically adv. 特别地. 完形填空I found out I had a severe nut allergy in 2006. I had gone 1 with my mum and I h
13、ad bought myself a shrimp. I can remember having a 2 painful lump(肿块) on my tongue as soon as I had a mouthful. What 3 next was absolutely terrifying, 4 feeling terrified to swelling of my face and throat. This happened very 5 and I was lucky that the doctors arrived within 5 minutes. Because of thi
14、s 6, I became much more interested in food and so I decided to 7 to become a nutritionist. Scary as the reaction was, in some ways I am 8 this happened to me because it sparked a new 9 and I would eventually love to specialize in allergies. When I decided I wanted to become a 10, I had to move to Un
15、iversity far from home. 11, I was a bit nervous of house sharing and the risk of cross contamination(交叉污染). Thankfully, I have not 12 another anaphylactic shock (过敏性休克) since 2006. I have also 13 a lot of other students at University who also have 14 allergies. I realized that I was not alone and th
16、at in fact 15 affects a lot more people than I had thought. I would advise people with severe allergies to always 16 the ingredient lists, 17 its something you eat often. Most importantly, dont be afraid of 18 with an allergy. If you are planning moving away to University, 19 your housemates about y
17、our allergy (just in case of a very unfortunate incident) 20 they will know what to do. Also, try to keep your kitchen clean! If you ever need support, the Anaphylaxis Campaign is here to help. 【文章大意】本篇为记叙文, 讲述了作者对某些食物过敏的经历和应对措施, 并建议别人采取正确措施, 坦然面对过敏。1. A. washingB. travelingC. shopping D. visiting 【
18、解析】选C。根据下文I had bought myself a shrimp可知, 作者去购物了。2. A. smallB. bigC. hardD. soft【解析】选A。根据下文as soon as I had a mouthful可知, 刚吃一口虾, 初期的过敏应该是舌头上起了小小的肿块。3. A. returnedB. followedC. noticedD. remembered 【解析】选B。此处意思是接下来(followed)的情况更吓人。4. A. fromB. withC. aboutD. after【解析】选A。此处为from. . . to 固定搭配。5. A. slow
19、lyB. happilyC. closelyD. quickly【解析】选D。根据下文I was lucky that the doctors arrived within 5 minutes可知, 过敏来得很快。6. A. accidentB. experienceC. eventD. failure【解析】选B。这次过敏是一次经历, 而不是事故或失败等。7. A. hopeB. askC. waitD. train【解析】选D。作者决定通过培训(train)成为一个营养学家。8. A. puzzledB. worriedC. pleasedD. frightened【解析】选C。尽管过敏反
20、应令人害怕, 但作者还是因这件事而高兴, 因为这激发了作者新的兴趣。9. A. interestB. allergyC. decisionD. pain【解析】选A。此处意为激发了作者新的兴趣。10. A. nutritionistB. doctorC. nurseD. professor【解析】选A。根据上文I decided to to become a nutritionist. 可知, 作者决定当营养学家。11. A. LuckilyB. UnfortunatelyC. NaturallyD. Eventually 【解析】选C。一个对某些事物过敏的人要与别人同住一室, 自然(natu
21、rally)有点紧张。12. A. happenedB. experiencedC. overcomeD. seen【解析】选B。根据句首的Thankfully可判断, 作者再也没有经历过(experienced)过敏性休克。13. A. introducedB. recalledC. recognizedD. met【解析】选D。此处意为: 遇到过同样对食物过敏的人。14. A. foodB. animalC. flowerD. alcohol【解析】选A。根据also可知, 别人的过敏跟作者一样, 同为食物过敏。15. A. theyB. sheC. heD. it【解析】选D。影响人的是
22、食物过敏这种病, 所以用it 代替。16. A. changeB. readC. ignoreD. study【解析】选B。再常吃的食物, 也要看看(read)它的配料表, 而不是改变(change), 忽略(ignore)或研究(study) 配料表。 17. A. as long asB. even ifC. as ifD. as for【解析】选B。即使再常吃的食物, 也要看看它的配料表。18. A. livingB. carryingC. takingD. eating【解析】选A。live with. . . 为习惯搭配。19. A. hideB. tellC. warnD. dis
23、cuss【解析】选B。告诉室友你有过敏症, 以防万一。20. A. butB. thusC. thenD. and【解析】选D。整个句子为 “祈使句+and”结构。【知识拓展】背景链接Food allergy is an immune system reaction that occurs soon after eating a certain food. Even a tiny amount of the allergy-causing food can trigger signs and symptoms such as digestive problems, hives or swoll
24、en airways. In some people, a food allergy can cause severe symptoms or even a life-threatening reaction. . 语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Qatar finally has a logo for the 2022 World Cup, and it reflects both the tournaments excellent basic facilities and winter schedule. 1. (use) the colors of
25、 the Qatari flag, the white emblem(徽章) is set 2. a maroon background. It 3. (inspire) by the outline of the World Cup trophy with the unbroken loop showing a figure of eight the number of stadiums 4. (build) for the Middle Easts first World Cup in the tiny Persian Gulf nation. FIFA says 5. design al
26、so draws “inspiration from a 6. (tradition) woolen shawl. ”Such winter garments reflect the World Cup being played in November and December 2022 7. (avoid)the fierce summer heat in June and July when the tournament is usually played. The reveal 8. (come) at 20: 22 local time (8: 22 pm) in Doha. The
27、image was projected onto buildings in the Qatari capital, including the Al Zubarah Fort, and appeared at 9. (site) in Kuwait, Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq. Among the international sites 10. the logo was displayed on September 3 was the Arch of Peace in Milan and a train station in Paris. 【文章大意】本文为说明文, 介
28、绍2022年卡塔尔世界杯会徽的设计。1. 【解析】Using。考查非谓语动词。句意: 使用卡塔尔国旗的颜色, 白色的徽章以栗色为背景。根据句意可知, 主语与use之间为主动关系, 应用现在分词作状语, 故用Using。2. 【解析】against。考查介词。根据句意可知此处应用against表示“以为背景”。3. 【解析】is inspired。考查时态和语态。句意: 会徽的灵感源自世界杯奖杯的轮廓, 闭合环状轮廓形似数字8这也是这个波斯湾小国为中东首次世界杯所建的体育场馆数量。根据句意结合空格后的by the outline of the World Cup trophy可知此处应用一般现在
29、时的被动语态, 且主语为It, 故用is inspired。4. 【解析】built。考查非谓语动词。句中stadiums与build之间为被动关系, 应用过去分词作定语, 故用built。5. 【解析】the。考查冠词。 句意: 国际足联称, 这一设计也“从一种传统羊毛披肩中汲取了灵感”。根据句意可知此处指的是上文提到的设计, 应用定冠词the。6. 【解析】traditional。考查形容词。根据句子结构可知此处应用形容词修饰名词woolen shawl, 故用traditional。7. 【解析】to avoid。考查非谓语动词。句意: 这种冬季服饰反映出本届世界杯的举办时间是2022年
30、11月和12月, 避开夏季最热的6月和7月世界杯的常规举办时间。根据句意可知应用不定式作目的状语, 故用to avoid。8. 【解析】came。考查时态。句意: 官方会徽揭幕仪式于当地时间晚上8点22分在卡塔尔首都多哈举行。根据句意可知应用一般过去时, 故用came。9. 【解析】sites。考查名词。句意: 会徽形象被投射到祖巴拉城堡等多哈的建筑物上, 并在科威特、黎巴嫩、约旦和伊拉克的部分场地出现。根据句意可知此处为多个场地, 应用复数形式sites。10. 【解析】where。考查定语从句。句意: 9月3日, 这一会徽在多家国际场地进行了展示, 包括米兰的和平拱门和巴黎的一个火车站。根
31、据句意可知此处为定语从句修饰先行词sites, 且定语从句中缺少地点状语, 故用where。. 短文改错Last September, I come to this key middle school in the town, which I was shocked by the learning enthusiasm of my classmates, but now Ive been accustomed to it. They spend every minutes in study. They read English with the light of the street lamp
32、 on the way to the dormitory. They sometime stay up reading in bed. It seems as if that they have interest in nothing but study. Undoubted, study is the most important thing at school, and I think we should combine study and relaxation. We should also participate all kinds of activities and spare so
33、me time to develop our interests. I hope they have a colorful school life. 答案: 1. 【解析】第一句come 改为came。考查时态, 根据last September 可知, 此处应用过去时态。2. 【解析】第一句which 改为where。考查定语从句, 先行词为the town, 且关系词在从句中作地点状语, 故用where。3. 【解析】第二句minutes 改为minute。考查名词单复数, every修饰单数名词。4. 【解析】第三句with 改为by。考查介词, by the light“借着灯光”为习
34、惯搭配。5. 【解析】第四句sometime改为 sometimes。考查副词, 此处表示频率, “有时候”, 要用副词sometimes。6. 【解析】第五句去掉that。考查从句引导词, 一个从句只能有一个引导词, as if 和that作用重复。7. 【解析】第六句Undoubted改为 Undoubtedly。考查副词用法, 此处位于句首, 作状语, 故要用副词形式。8. 【解析】第六句第一个and 改为but。考查连词, 此处上下句之间为转折关系。9. 【解析】第七句participate后加in。考查介词, participate in“参加”为固定搭配。10. 【解析】第八句th
35、ey 改为we。考查人称代词, 根据上下文逻辑关系, 此处复指上文中的our, 为第一人称。. 书面表达假定你是李华, 下周六你校将举办中国传统象棋大赛。你的英国笔友Leslie对中国象棋(Chinese chess)非常感兴趣, 请你给他写一封邮件。内容包括: 1. 比赛时间和地点; 2. 比赛目的; 3. 发出邀请。注意: 1. 词数100左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。_【参考范文】Dear Leslie, How are things going? There will be a Chinese chess competition to be held in our s
36、chool hall next Saturday. The aim of the competition is to promote the awareness of the traditional Chinese culture among the students. I know you are very fond of Chinese chess, so Im writing to invite you to take the opportunity to appreciate it. By watching those who are skilled at chess competin
37、g with each other, not only will you learn something about the history of it, but also the techniques of playing it. If you come, please contact me in advance. Ill provide you with some necessary help. Wish you a wonderful time! Yours, Li Hua【加固训练】. 语法填空I enjoyed 1(be)in Yosemite National Park. I wa
38、s camping in a tent with my friend while her parents stayed in the camper. One night I 2(hear)what sounded like a bear nearby. That kept me 3(wake)for a while! It was warm there, so I went rafting down the Merced River. I didnt have my 4(glass) on. I passed the bridge where I was supposed to get out
39、 and went all the way down to the next one. It took me a long time, but I 5(final)found my way back to our campsite. My friends were 6(worry) about me. I was very inspired by the beauty of Yosemite. I became fascinated by 7 story and person of John Muir. It amazed me 8 he climbed those mountains wit
40、h no protective equipment. I bought everything I could by and about Muir even after 9(me)was home again. I havent had the chance since 1991, 10 I would love to visit Yosemite again and many other of our wonderful national parks. 【文章大意】本文作者回忆了在Yosemite National Park野营的故事, 并表示愿意再次去那里, 还要游览更多别的国家公园。1.
41、【解析】being。考查动名词。此处为enjoyed的宾语, 应为动名词。2. 【解析】heard。考查时态。One night为过去的时间, 所以此处用过去时态。3. 【解析】awake。考查形容词。keep sb. awake 使某人保持清醒。4. 【解析】glasses。考查名词。have glasses on戴着眼镜。5. 【解析】finally。考查副词。最终(finally)找到了回去的路。6. 【解析】worried。考查过去分词。be worried about. . . 为担心。 7. 【解析】the。考查冠词。此处为特指, 约翰缪尔本人以及他的事迹。8. 【解析】that。
42、考查连接词。此处为主语从句引导词。9. 【解析】I。考查代词。此处为主语, 所以用主格形式。10. 【解析】but。考查连词。此处为转折关系。【知识拓展】难句解读I passed the bridge where I was supposed to get out and went all the way down to the next one. 分析: 本句是由and连接的并列句; where 引导定语从句, 修饰先行词bridge。翻译: 我过了一座桥, 本来应该在那里上岸, 我一路划下去来到了下一座桥。. 书面表达假如你是学生会主席李华, 美国友好学校的Mrs Jennifer校长要来
43、你校进行访问和交流, 并就文化多样性问题作大约一个半小时的报告, 请你以学生会名义给全校同学写一个通知。内容包括: 1. Mrs Jennifer参观校园的时间以及相关注意事项; 2. 报告的时间、地点、内容、参加人员等; 3. 这次交流的重要性。注意: 1. 词数100左右; 2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。_【参考范文】 NoticeMrs Jennifer is coming to our school next Monday. She is the headmaster of our sister school in California, America. She will b
44、e shown around our school in the morning and at 2: 00 pm she is supposed to give us a lecture about the difference of cultures in the world. It will be held on the second floor of the student dinning center. All the students of Grade one and two are required to be present at least ten minutes earlier. The lecture will last for about one and a half hours. It is a good chance to practice our listening and speaking abilities, so please keep quiet while listening and be active during the Q&A time. Student Union