1、一、语基必备知识(一)重点词汇分类记忆.阅读词汇知其意1friction n不和，冲突2memorial n. 纪念碑3justice n. 公正，正义4prejudice n. 偏见5furnished adj. 配有家具的6alcoholic n. 酗酒者，酒鬼7tailor n. 裁缝8adolescence n. 青少年时期9union n. 联合会，工会10nutrition n. 营养11tip n. 有用的建议12allowance n. 零用钱；津贴13weep vt.& vi. 哭泣，流泪14salute vt. 向致敬15theoretical adj. 理论的.核心词汇写
2、其形1betray vt. 出卖，背叛2compromise n. 妥协，让步3classify vt. 把分类4fortnight n. 两星期5subscribe vi. 订阅(杂志或报纸)6shoot vt.& vi. 射击7pile n. 堆8greet vt. 问候，致意9remark vt. 说起，谈到10swear vi. 发誓11acquaintance n. 相识的人12handful n. 少数，一些13sponsor vt. 赞助14arbitrary adj. 任意的15unfit adj. 不健壮的16unconscious adj. 失去知觉的.拓展词汇通其变1im
3、migration n移民入境immigrate vi.移民2expose vt.使置身于危险中；暴露exposure n暴露exposed adj.无遮蔽的3departure n离开，离去depart vi.离开4appoint vt.任命，委任appointment n任命，委任；约定5possession n私有物品possess vt.拥有，占有6contradict vt.反驳，纠正contradictory adj.反驳的7security n安全secure adj.可靠的securely adv.安全地；牢固地8representative n代表represent vt.代
4、表9distribute vt.分发，分配distribution n分配，配给distributor n经销商；分销商10consume vt.喝；消费，消耗consumer n消费者11strengthen vt.(使)变强，加强strength n力量；力气12intend vt.想要，打算intention n意图；意向；目的intended adj.打算的；计划的13expense n费用，开支expensive adj.贵的1.朋友和周围的人partner n伙伴；同伴fellow n. 同伴；伙伴acquaintance n. 相识的人roommate n. 室友，舍友compa
5、nion n. 同伴；同事；伴侣colleague n. 同事，同僚teammate n. 队友2.“经济活动”相关动词小结distribute分发，分配invest 投资bid 出价；投标advertise 做广告compete 竞争promote 促销sponsor 赞助3.聚焦“un”前缀形容词uncertain不确定的uncommon 不常有的unconscious 失去知觉的unfriendly 不友好的unaware 不知道的unfortunate 不幸的unfair 不公平的(二)重点短语记牢用活1hand_over把交给2in_a_flash 瞬间，即刻3stand_up_fo
6、r 保护，维护4talk_sth.over_with_sb. 与详细讨论5call_in 请(某人)6have_a_gift_for 有的天赋7keep_off 减去8hold_out (在困境中)坚持9call_on 要求介入10keep_ones_word 遵守诺言11come_about 发生12look_down_on 看不起13sort_out 解决(问题或困难)14bring_sth.on_sb. 给某人招来(不愉快的)事情15put_forward 提议，提出16give_in 让步，屈服17send_for 派人去叫1.stand短语集训营stand up for支持，维护st
7、and for 代表；象征；主张stand out 突出，显眼；杰出stand back 向后退stand aside 靠边站；不参与stand by 支持；袖手旁观2.keep短语大团圆keep in touch with与保持联系keep pace with 与并驾齐驱keep away (from) (使)避开；不接近keep off (使)避开；让开keep an eye on 照看；留意keep up with 跟上；不落后3.“v.in”常用短语take in理解，欺骗turn in 上交break in 闯入give in 屈服，让步result in 导致bring in 引进
8、(三)重点句式背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：no sooner.than.意为“一就”，no sooner放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装No_sooner had they moved in than the noise began and rarely did they get a full nights sleep.他们刚搬过去，噪音就开始了，他们几乎没有睡过一个整夜的觉。句型2：while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”，常用于句首McKays wife，Laurene told us that while McKay is usually a peaceful person, he ha
9、d been driven to this act of violence by getting wet just once too often.麦凯的妻子劳伦娜告诉我们，虽然麦凯通常是一个很平和的人，他因为多次被淋湿也被迫做出这样的暴力举动。句型3：the比较级.，the比较级.意为“越，就越”In fact，the_more I use the bike，the_more weight I seem to put on，despite following the instruction manual carefully.事实上，虽然我按照说明认真去做，但是我骑车的次数越多，体重增加的就越多
10、。二、语境强化训练.语境填词根据提示写出该词的适当形式1My daughter comes to visit me once every fortnight(两星期)2Many children are so unfit(不健壮的) that they are unable to do even basic exercises.3Please could you sponsor(赞助) me for my schools campaign for Help the Aged?4In the picture, we can see a boy in worn clothes, sitting a
11、t a shabby wooden table with a pile(堆) of books on it.5(2018全国卷)With food our biggest weekly household expense(开支), Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week.6He has some acquaintance(acquaint) with pop music, but doesnt know much.7Tom is very angry because his brother is in poss
12、ession(possess) of all the businesses.8Why are we releasing this silver dollar for such a remarkable(remark) price?9Since he is a representative(represent) of our company, what he says and what he does represent our company.10I intended to have informed(inform) him of the news, but I forgot it.派生词练习
13、用所给词的适当形式填空1The distributor had sent the goods to the area and the group organized the distribution and they distributed the goods among the people.(distribute)2The immigrants immigrated from Africa into this area about forty years ago and the local government was tired of the immigration(immigrate)
14、3She is trying to look for a secure job and it will offer her financial security,_for she wants to take charge of her own life securely(secure)4Through TV, kids have regular exposure to sex and violence.It is bad to expose kids to such things and we should make kids exposed to some good books.(expos
15、e)5I intended to carry out the plan intended for the children with the intention of helping the children.(intend).选词成篇talk.over with; look into; come about; send for; be exposed to; give in1Exposed_to so many difficulties, the young manager 2.talked_them_over_with his colleagues. First, he remarked
16、that they should 3.look_into the matter and find out how it 4.came_about. Then he intended to 5.send_for the experts to help solve the problems. Finally, he pointed that everybody should work hard and never 6.give_in to any difficulty.have no gift for; look down on; sort out; keep ones word; put for
17、ward; hold outWhen I was seven, my mother 7.put_forward that I should learn an instrument.After discussing, I decided to learn playing the guitar.But after several classes, the teacher told my mother that I 8.had_no_gift_for it. And my classmates often 9.looked_down_on me because of my poor performa
18、nce.All of these made me upset and discouraged.But my mother told me that practice makes perfect and she promised that she would accompany me to 10.sort_out the difficulties all the time. She 11.kept_her_word and we together 12.held_out. As a result, now I can play the guitar skillfully.完成句子1我们刚离开村子
19、，天就下起雨来了。No_sooner_had_we_left the village than it began to rain.2尽管我同意你的理由，但我不能允许这样做。While I agree with your reasons, I cant allow it.3战争持续得越久，那里的人们受难就越多。The_longer_the_war_lasts,_the more the people will suffer. betrayvt.显露出(本来面目)；泄露(秘密)；出卖，背叛基础练习单句语法填空He had a good disguise, but as soon as he spo
20、ke he betrayed himself(he)The man was arrested for having betrayed(betray) state secrets to that country.能力提升完成句子他一言不发，只是点头，因为一开口就可能会露出破绽。He nodded his head instead of saying anything because his_voice_might_betray_himself他颤抖的声音暴露了他极力掩饰的慌张。His trembling voice betrayed_the_worry that he was trying to
21、 hide.betray.to.将出卖(泄露)给betray ones trust 辜负某人的信任betray oneself 暴露本来面目；原形毕露 佳句背诵 She realized that one of her friends must have betrayed her.她意识到她的朋友中肯定有一个人出卖了她。It would be unbelievable that such an honest fellow should have betrayed his friends!这样一个老实人竟会出卖朋友，真难以置信！ compromisen妥协，让步；和解；折衷v妥协，让步；违背；放
22、弃基础练习单句语法填空Sometimes, its necessary to compromise with your friends when you want to keep the friendship.It is really important for parents to reach a compromise between what they want and what their kids desire.If we all agree to make a compromise with each other when we are in disputes, we are sur
23、ely living in peace.能力提升完成句子经过激烈的讨论，最终他们就这个问题的解决方法达成妥协。After a heated discussion, they finally_compromised_on_the_solution_to_the_problem(1)reach/come to a compromise 和解；达成一 种妥协make a compromise with. 与妥协(2)compromise with sb. 与某人和解compromise on sth. 就某事折衷 佳句背诵 He did not compromise easily，but was w
24、illing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.虽然他不容易妥协，但是为了值得奋斗的事业愿意接受任何建设性的意见。 exposevt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临；使置于危险中基础练习单句语法填空(2018天津卷)For one thing, when you come to China, you can be_exposed(expose) to the Chinese language and the Chinese culture.Being_exposed(expose) to strong sunlight wi
25、ll do harm to your skin.能力提升句式升级(普通表达)Children are exposed to difficult situations.They are better at handling challenging situations.(高级表达)Exposed_to_difficult_situations，children are better at handling challenging situations.(分词作状语) (1)expose.to.暴露给；使接触expose oneself to. 使自己暴露于(2)be exposed to 遭受到
26、；(使)接触到佳句背诵 In order to expose international students to our tea culture，we took them to the tea room in our school.为了让外国学生体验中国茶文化，我们把他们带到我们学校的品茶室。(2018北京卷) appointv任命，委任；约定基础练习单句语法填空a.(2018北京卷)Good morning, Mr. Lees office.Good morning. Id like to make an appointment(appoint) for next Wednesday aft
27、ernoon.bMy patient didnt turn up at the appointed(appoint) time, that is, she broke an appointment.(浙江卷)Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse appointed to_guard(guard) her.能力提升完成句子/句式升级(普通表达)Tom was_appointed_as(任命为) manager of the firm and he spared no effort to w
28、ork for it.(高级表达)Appointed_as_manager_of_the_firm,_Tom spared no effort to work for it.(过去分词短语作状语) (1)appointment n 任命，指派；约会，约定make/have an appointment with sb. 与某人约会keep/break an appointment 守/失约(2)appoint.(as)职位 任命为appoint sb.to do sth. 指派某人做某事(3)appointed adj. 指定的；约定的 词块助记the appointed hour of th
29、e ceremony既定的典礼时间appoint a new headteacher at my school我的学校任命了一位新校长 possessionn私有物品；拥有，占有基础练习单句语法填空(安徽卷)We need to repair our possessions(possess) instead of throwing them away.It seems that we value what we are trying to get more than what we possess(possession) right now.We cant take possession(po
30、ssess) of this house until all the papers have been signed.Although he doesnt possess much money, he is possessed of good health.能力提升一句多译据我所知， 他拥有一个大公司。 As far as I know, he is in_possession_of a large company.As far as I know, a large company is in_the_possession_of him.As far as I know, he possess
31、es a large company. (1)be in possession of sth. 拥有/占有某物be in the possession of sb./be in ones possession 为某人所有；归某人所有take possession of 占领；夺取 (2)possess vt. 拥有；具有；支配be possessed of 拥有 佳句背诵 The manuscript is just one of the treasures in their possession.这部手稿只是他们的珍藏之一。名师点津 in possession of 表示主动， 其主语通常是
32、人， 意为“占有”； in the possession of 表示被动， 其主语通常是物， 意为“被占有”。 remarkn评论；谈论v评论；说起，谈到基础练习单句语法填空Tom left the office, remarking(remark) that he had some important work to do.President Xi Jinping made a remarkable speech on the 2019 Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit. His remarks inspired all the Chinese
33、 people.(remark)能力提升一句多译对别人的相貌评头论足是没有礼貌的。Its impolite to make_a_remark_on/about_the_appearance_of_others(remark n)Its impolite to remark_on/upon_the_appearance_of_others(remark v) (1)remark on/upon就发表意见/评论remark that. 谈到；说起(2)make a remark on/about 就发表意见； 对评头论足(3)remarkable adj. 值得注意的； 显著的；非凡的 佳句背诵
34、There is no denying that her remarks on/about the problem hurt me.不可否认，她对这个问题的评论伤害了我。 intendv想要；打算；意指基础练习单句语法填空I intended to_compare(compare) notes with a friend, but unfortunately he couldnt spare me even one minute.We had_intended(intend) to arrive at our destination at 9 oclock, but we didnt beca
35、use of the traffic jam.We are happy to see that many laws intended(intend) for protecting the young kids from the bad effect of the Internet have been made.(陕西卷)Several companies have announced their intention(intend) to compete for the construction project.能力提升完成句子/句式升级(普通表达)The program was set up
36、and it was_intended_to(目的是) help the homeless.(高级表达)The program, intended_to_help_the_homeless,_was set up.(过去分词短语作定语)(高级表达) The program was set up with_the_intention_of_helping_the_homeless(intention ) (1)intend to do/doing sth.打算做某事intend sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事(2)be intended for. 为打算(或设计)的be inten
37、ded to do. 目的是做(3)had intended to do sth.本打算做某事但没有做成(4)intention n. 意图；目的；打算with an/the intention of 打算名师点津 intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时可用来表示一件本来打算做而实际上没有做的事或者表示过去未曾实现的设想或愿望， 含有某种惋惜之意。 expensen费用，开支基础练习单句语法填空Add up all the expenses(expense) and youll find that you
38、cannot afford the trip.Personally, I think the best present is not necessarily the most expensive(expense) one.能力提升完成句子我们必须自己掏腰包购买安全设备。We were supposed to provide safety equipment at_our_own_expense这个决定代价太高了，它使我丢掉了工作。It was an_expensive_decisionit cost me my job.每次我们遇到困难，他都不遗余力地帮助我们。Every time we ge
39、t into trouble, hell come and spare_no_expense_to_help_us (1)at sb.s expense由某人付费at the expense of 以(损害)为代价spare no expense 不惜代价(2)expensive adj. 昂贵的 佳句背诵 His parents went to a great trouble and expense to make sure the party was a success.他的父母为了把聚会开得成功煞费苦心，花费了大量金钱。He built up the business at the ex
40、pense of his health.他以自己的健康为代价逐步建立起这个企业。 hand over移交，把交给基础练习单句语法填空Your duty in our class is to hand in and hand out our exercise books every day.The old man will hand over the company to his son in two years.These skills have been handed down from generation to generation.能力提升完成句子艾尔伯特鞠了一躬，把信递了过去。Alb
41、ert bowed and handed_over_the_letter大约10分钟后，那位警官把护照还给了我。About ten minutes later，the officer handed_me_my_passport_backhand down 把传下来hand back 归还；交还hand in 上交；提交hand out 分发；散发 佳句背诵 When the teacher saw Tom reading a picture book in class, she made him hand over the book.老师发现汤姆在课堂上看小人书，就让他把书交出来。 put f
42、orward提出(建议)；推荐；将提前；将(钟表等)向前拨基础练习用put的相关短语填空They have put_forward the date of their wedding by one week. I think he is fit for the position; therefore, Ill put_forward Li Hua as a candidate.I can put_up_with the house being untidy, but I hate it if its not clean.First he opened a shop and then he pu
43、t_up a sign outside the shop to attract customers.能力提升一句多译他在会上提出了一个解决难题的好主意。He came_up_with_a_good_idea_to_solve the difficult problem at the meeting.He put_forward_a_good_idea_to_solve the difficult problem at the meeting.put aside节省；储蓄；储存put away 放好；积蓄put off 延期；推迟put out 熄灭；生产put up 举起；张贴；公布；挂起；建
44、造put up with 忍受；容忍put down 写出；记下 佳句背诵 Before we carried out the plan, various ideas had been put forward by my classmates.在我们实施这项计划之前，同学们提出了不同的想法。(2017北京卷)联想发散 “想出，提出”短语：put_forward；come_up_with；bring_up look down upon/on蔑视；轻视；看不起基础练习用look的相关短语填空Therefore，there is no reason for us to look_down_upon
45、ordinary jobs.I like to look_back_on my high school days, which were the happiest in my life.The reason why I look_up_to the artist is that his works are inspiring.能力提升完成句子(2019全国卷)我热烈欢迎您和您的演出。同时，我期待着尽快收到您的回信。Id like to express my warm welcome to you and your performances.Meanwhile, I_am_looking_for
46、ward_to_hearing_from_you_as_soon_as_possiblelook up to尊敬；仰视look forward to 盼望；期待look into 调查；观察；窥视look up 抬头看；查阅look back on 回忆；回顾look out (for.) 注意；留意look through 浏览；仔细查看 佳句背诵 With the development of science and technology, China has become a powerful country. The days are gone when Chinese people
47、were looked down upon.随着科学技术的发展，中国已经成为一个强大的国家。中国人被瞧不起的日子已经一去不复返了。 come about发生基础练习用右栏词语的适当形式填空A_fire_broke_out during the night and caused a great damage.Luckily the earthquake didnt happen in the center of the city.How did it come_about that the dairy products were harmful to children?Great changes
48、 have_taken_place in our school in the past few years.能力提升完成句子你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？Can you tell me how_the_accident_came_about？名师点津 come about“发生，产生”，通常与how连用happen“发生”，指偶然的、意外的事情发生take place“发生”，指事件或事故的发生是在预料中，进而引申为按计划“进行，举行”break out指战争、火灾、疾病等的突然“发生，爆发” no sooner.than.意为“一就”，no sooner放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装(教材P2
49、0)No sooner had they moved in than the noise began and rarely did they get a full nights sleep.他们刚搬过去，噪音就开始了，他们几乎没有睡过一个整夜的觉。基础练习单句语法填空/单句改错(辽宁卷)He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started(start) cheering.(福建卷)The girl had hardly rung the bell when the door was opened suddenly.The
50、minute we landed at the airport, and I was struck by how bright the light was.删除and能力提升句式升级(普通表达)He came to visit us as soon as he arrived in Beijing.(高级表达)He had_hardly_arrived_in_Beijing_when he came to visit us.(hardly.when.)(高级表达)Hardly_had_he_arrived_in_Beijing_when he came to visit us.(倒装句)(高级
51、表达)On/Upon_arriving_in_Beijing,_he came to visit us.(介词短语)no sooner. than.和 hardly/scarcely. when.表示“一就”， 主句常用过去完成时， 从句中常用一般过去时。 当no sooner或hardly位于句首时， 主句用部分倒装。 佳句背诵 No sooner had Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.莫言刚一登上舞台，观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。(陕西卷)Hardly had the
52、father and his children begun when they were told to stop.这个父亲和他的孩子们刚开始就被叫停。名师点津 “一就”的其他表达方式： as soon as; the moment; the minute; the instant; immediately; directly; instantly; on/upon(doing) sth.。 the比较级.，the比较级.意为“越，就越”(教材P26)In fact，the more I use the bike，the more weight I seem to put on，despite
53、 following the instruction manual carefully.事实上，虽然我按照说明认真去做，但是我骑车的次数越多，体重增加的就越多。基础练习单句语法填空The more careful you are, the fewer(few) mistakes you will make.The more a person reads, the wiser(wise) he will become.能力提升完成句子你越努力，你的进步就越大。The harder you work, _the_greater_progress_you_will_makethe more.，the
54、 less. 越，越不the more.，the better. 越多，就越好the higher.，the thinner. 越高，越稀薄the sooner.，the better. 越早，越好 佳句背诵 It was our teacher who reminded us that the more confident we were, the more likely we were to succeed.是我们的老师提醒我们，我们越自信，就越有可能成功。维度一在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式1(2017浙江卷6月)Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful(h
55、and) of small carrots and was about to throw them away.2To arrive there on time, we made our departure(depart) in the early morning.3The result is that we throw away useful possessions(possess) to make room for new ones.4What do you do every day to strengthen(strength) your body when you are busy?5T
56、hen she got an appointment(appoint) with the appointed director.维度二在空白处填入1个适当的单词1The program was set up with an intention of helping those in need.2Solid waste can be classified into different types depending on their sources.3Exposed to the bright sun，the little girls skin has become very red.4I th
57、ink that we should come to a compromise with each other in order to get the deal done.5Officials say theyll spare no expense to solve the problem.维度三易错混用(改正下列句子中的错误)1They wanted to make compromise with the government，but failed.在make后加a2No sooner had I reached home when it began to rain.whenthan3The
58、 girl is attended throughout her school days by a nurse appointing to guard her.appointingappointed4He likes reading newspapers，who has subscribed China Daily for years.在subscribed后加to5It is said that the car is in possession of an old man.在in后加the维度四语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)1He said he was enthusiastic a
59、bout Chinese and asked me to find him some books specially intended for Chinese beginners.为设计的2Children, when exposed to an Englishspeaking atmosphere, will pick up the language much more easily.暴露；接触3She was the first woman to be appointed to the board, for which she felt very excited and happy.任命；
60、委任4Friends are not books, yet books are friends.Friends may betray you, while books are always loyal.背叛5The two sides havent reached a compromise and they are in need of more time to think about the situation.妥协；和解6He showed remarkable competence when faced with the difficult problems in tough times
61、.显著的；非凡的提能一语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)Yang Ming 1.holds(hold) parties every night but the biggest problem is his latenight drumming. Seldom has drumming caused such conflict. Yang Mings neighbors say 2.being_exposed_to(expose) such noise drove them mad. Had they known their neighbor was
62、 a 3.drummer(drum), they wouldnt have moved into 4.the building. No sooner had they moved in than the noise began and 5.rarely(rare) did they get a full nights sleep. Neither could they relax or read a book without 6.plugging(plug) their ears. One neighbor also claims that Yang Ming is an alcoholic
63、and has a bad influence 7.on his adolescent son. In the end, the local council took action. “8.It was only after careful 9.consideration(consider) that we gave Yang Ming a warning，” a council member said. “Getting enough sleep is important for peoples health and after such a chorus of plaints(compla
64、in), we had to take action.”提能二话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)1补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)有个年轻人一直想知道他父亲什么时候把公司移交给他。A young man was wondering when his father would hand_over_the_company_to_him一天，他在一刹那有了一个主意。One day, in_a_flash,_he had an idea.他派人去叫来一位智者并让这个人为他提供一个建议。He sent_for_a_wise_man and asked him to put_for
65、ward_a_suggestion_for_him这位智者告诉他，要做到守信用，并且任何时候不向困难屈服。The wise man told him to keep_his_word and never_give_in_to_the_difficulties2升级平淡句用非限制性定语从句升级句He_sent_for_a_wise_man,_who_was_asked_to_put_forward_a_suggestion_for_him.3衔接成美文_One possible version：A young man was wondering when his father would han
66、d over the company to him. One day, in a flash, he had an idea. He sent for a wise man, who was asked to put forward a suggestion for him. The wise man told him to keep his word and never give in to the difficulties.课时练12篇阅读1篇完形 阅读理解A(2020 新疆维吾尔自治区适应性检测) Superstorm Sandy slammed into the eastern Uni
67、ted States a few years ago. The winddriven water caused a lot of flooding, especially in the regions subway system. Now two teens have invented a device that could help prevent future subway floods.In New York City alone, Superstorm Sandy caused an estimated $19 billion in damage. Much of the floodw
68、aters entered the subway system through its ventilation grates (通风栅). Those metal grills usually lie at ground level. When the system is shut down ahead of a flood, engineers try to cover those grates with plywood (胶合板) and sandbags. But the flooding often washes away those measures, which allows wa
69、ter to flow into the tunnels. Raising those grates even a tiny bit above ground level would cost a lot of money. Other ideas have included building tall chimneys around the holes. That would raise the grates and cost a lot of money, too.Kyle and Raymond came up with a different, less expensive idea.
70、 They designed a metal grate with a builtin, adjustable cover. When trains are running, one part of the grate slides open to bring in fresh air. But when the system is shut down, that part can be slid shut to completely block the grate.Their grate is the same size as the grates used now. So, it woul
71、d be simple, they say, to lift out the old grate and drop in a replacement. Their design includes tamperproof features, which can prevent operation mistakes. They make sure that people dont intentionally shut off airflow during normal conditions. For people with the proper key, it would only take a
72、minute or two to close the grate ahead of a flood.【解题导语】本文主要讲述了几年前超级风暴Sandy猛烈袭击美国东部，造成了洪水灾害，当地的地铁被洪水淹没。为防止地铁再次被洪水淹没，两位少年发明了一种装置。1Whats the second paragraph mainly about?AThe steps to operate grates.BThe measures to prevent flood.CThe function of plywood and sandbags.DThe disadvantage of present subw
73、ay system.D解析：段落大意题。根据第二段第一句可知，据估计超级风暴Sandy仅在纽约市就造成了价值190亿美元的损失。文章接下来分析了超级风暴造成的洪水淹没地铁的原因：目前的地铁系统存在很大的弊端。故选D。2Which of the following words best describes the two teens new invention?ACostly.BTimesaving.CPractical. DConventional.C解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一、二句“Their grate is the same size as the grates used now
74、. So, it would be simple, they say, to lift out the old grate and drop in a replacement.”可知，他们使用的栅栏和现在使用的栅栏大小一样，所以，他们说这会很容易就可以把旧的栅栏取出来，并放入一个替换栅栏；再结合最后一段最后一句可推知，新的栅栏操作起来也很方便。故选C。3Whats the purpose of designing the tamperproof feature?ATo replace the old grate correctly.BTo close the grate ahead of a
75、flood.CTo ensure airflow in normal conditions.DTo stop the train speeding up unexpectedly.C解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第三、四句可知，设计干预防护的特点可以阻止操作失误，有了干预防护，他们确保人们不会有意地在正常情况下关掉空气流通的功能，故选C。4Where does the text most probably come from?AA news report.BAn adventurous story.CAn introduction to new equipment.DA guidebook t
76、o making grates.A解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了两位少年发明了一种成本较低、实用的地铁防洪装置以及该装置的特点和优势，应该属于新闻报道类文章，故选A。B(2020合肥高三调研)While elephants born without tusks(长牙) are not unheard of, they normally form just 2 to 6 percent of the population. However, that is not the case at Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, where an
77、astonishing 33 percent of female elephants born after the countrys conflict ended in 1992 are tuskless. While that may appear to be just a coincidence, Joyce Poole, an elephant behavior expert, has another theory. The researcher thinks we may be witnessing unnatural evolution of the species due to t
78、he constant hunting of elephants for valuable ivories.Poole says before the countrys 15yearlong conflict, the park was home to over 4，000 elephants. However, by the time the conflict ended in 1992, about 90 percent of them had been killed for ivories to get money. Of the less than 200 survivors, ove
79、r 50 percent of adult females had no tusks. Therefore, it is not surprising that the parks tuskless elephant population has grown greatly.This is not the first time researchers have observed a great change in the population of elephants. At Zambias South Luangwa National Park and Lupande Game Manage
80、ment Area, areas which were heavily hunted in the 1970s and 1980s, 35% of elephants of 25 years old or older and 13% of those younger than 25 are now without tusks. A 2008 study published in the African Journal of Ecology found that the number of tuskless females at the Ruaha National Park in Tanzan
81、ia went from 10.5 percent in 1969 to almost 40 percent in 1989, largely due to illegal hunting for ivories.The recent ban on ivories in both the US and China should help get rid of, or at least reduce, elephant hunting. However, scientists are not sure how long it will take for elephants with a high
82、er rate of tuskless females to change the_trend【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。在1992年，在莫桑比克的Gorongosa国家公园，有33%的雌象生来就没有长牙，大象行为专家认为，这是人们为了获得珍贵的象牙，而对大象进行持续不断的猎杀而造成的非自然的进化。5What is the probable cause of the phenomenon mentioned in Paragraph 1?AIllegal hunting. BConstant farming.CA pure coincidence. DNatural evolution.A解
83、析：细节理解题。根据第一段尾句“The researcher thinks we may be witnessing unnatural evolution of the species due to the constant hunting of elephants for valuable ivories.”可知，这位研究人员认为，由于持续不断地猎杀大象以获取珍贵的象牙，我们可能正在目睹物种的非自然进化。据此可知，第一段中提到的现象的可能原因是非法猎杀，故A项正确。6Why did people kill so many elephants during the conflict in M
84、ozambique?ATo get money by selling ivories.BTo develop new decorations.CTo provide food for local people.DTo make ivory products.A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“However, by the time the conflict ended in 1992, about 90 percent of them had been killed for ivories to get money.”可知，然而在1992年内战结束时，有大约90%的大象因象牙被猎杀，从而获
85、得钱。据此可知，人们猎杀大象是为了通过销售象牙来获得钱，故A项正确。7Which of the following had the earliest record on tuskless elephants?AGorongosa National Park.BSouth Luangwa National Park.CRuaha National Park.DLupande Game Management Area.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句可知，在1992年内战结束时，莫桑比克的Gorongosa国家公园有33%的雌象生来无长牙；根据第三段尾句“A 2008 study publi
86、shed in the African Journal of Ecology found that the number of tuskless females at the Ruaha National Park in Tanzania went from 10.5 percent in 1969 to almost 40 percent in 1989, largely due to illegal hunting for ivories.”可知，Ruaha国家公园在1969年有10.5%的无长牙雌象，到1989年时，有大约40%的无长牙雌象；据此可知，Ruaha国家公园是最早记录无长牙雌
87、象的地区，故C项正确。8What does the underlined phrase “the trend” in the last paragraph refer to?AElephants facing greater danger.BElephants growing more slowly.CFewer female elephants staying alive.DMore female elephants being tuskless.D解析：推理判断题。根据尾段第一句“The recent ban on ivories in both the US and China shou
88、ld help get rid of, or at least reduce, elephant hunting.”可知，最近美国和中国都颁布了象牙禁令，这应该有助于消除或至少减少对大象的猎杀；结合该段第二句“However, scientists are not sure how long it will take for elephants with a higher rate of tuskless females to change the_trend”可知，科学家们并不确定对拥有较高比例无长牙雌象的大象们来说需要多长时间才能改变这种趋势。据此可推知，画线词指代“更多的雌象无长牙”这一
89、趋势，故D项正确。 完形填空(2020郑州高三第二次质量预测)My father was born in a small town in the US. He wasnt sure what he wanted from _1_， but something told him to _2_ and begin a new adventure.He began that adventure traveling to cities in the US before going on to Australia, New Zealand and the Philippines. He took my
90、mother and us three daughters with him and went wherever the road _3_ him.Its easy to feel _4_ when youre on the road. We made lots of new friends on our tripmost of them are mechanics, since we often _5_ hours in repair shops. But that was a way much _6_ than sitting by the roadside while waiting f
91、or the engine to _7_ when it was 40 outside.Getting along well sometimes seemed _8_. There were always a lot of _9_， especially among us back seat passengers about who had to _10_ in the middle. But even if it was hard, we learned a lot about _11_. When we were traveling in the Philippines, we drove
92、 to Quezon City one day. It should have been an hours drive but was nearly three thanks to bad roads and _12_ traffic. “Did you put our suitcases in the car？” my father asked my mother as we arrived there. From the back seat, we saw her _13_ turn toward my father. “No，” she said. “I thought you did.
93、” That was how a sevenhour car trip turned into a 16hour one, which was mostly spent in _14_On occasions like that, we had to learn to let go of our anger because we were _15_ in a rolling box with the same people for the rest of the _16_. Even if I sometimes felt like opening the car door and _17_
94、one of my sisters out, I kept my feelings to myself.This is why road trips were like _18_ universities to us. We _19_ our PhDs(博士学位) in how to get along with other people just by traveling in our old car.If we were _20_ given a second chance at life, we would do it all over again. Only this time wou
95、ld I put the suitcases in the car myself.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。小时候“我”随父母以及“我”的姐妹开车旅行，在此过程中，“我们”学会了忍让以及和别人相处。这个颠簸的旅程是一所移动的大学，让“我”受益匪浅。1A.move BlifeCexperience DbeliefB解析：根据上文可知，“我”的父亲出生在美国的一个小镇上；结合该句中的“He wasnt sure what he wanted”以及下文叙述的他带着全家开车旅行可推知，那时他不确定想从生活中得到些什么，故B项正确。2A.live up Bstruggle onCget out
96、Dwalk aroundC解析：根据该句中的“begin a new adventure”可推知，他得到启示，要他走出去，去开启新的冒险经历。C项意为“离开，从出来”，故C项正确；B项意为“勉强维持”。3A.took BdroveCserved DcontrolledA解析：根据该句中的“wherever the road”并结合语境可知，他带着妈妈和“我们”这三个女儿，沿路旅行。A项表示“带去，引领”，符合语境，故A项正确。4A.anxious BupsetChelpless DlonelyD解析：根据该句中的“when youre on the road”和下文介绍的沿路交朋友可推知，当在
97、路上时，很容易感到孤独(lonely)。5A.wasted BworkedCspent DchattedC解析：根据语境可知，由于“我们”经常花费几个小时在修理店，所以“我们”交的朋友大部分是修理工。6A.better BeasierCsafer DclevererA解析：由于外面的温度达到40摄氏度，所以去修理店要比坐在马路边等候好得多。7A.break down Bcool offCclear up Dturn overB解析：根据该句中的“when it was 40 outside”可知，外面气温高达40摄氏度；据此可推知，该处指等待发动机冷却下来；B项意为“使冷却下来”。故B项正确。
98、A项意为“出故障”，C项意为“清理”，D项意为“翻转”，都与语境不符。8A.available BalternativeCnecessary DimpossibleD解析：根据下文中的“it was hard”并结合语境可知，有时友好相处似乎是不可能的(impossible)。9A.arguments BfightsCembarrassments DamusementsA解析：根据空后的“especially among us.in the middle”可知，“我们”之间总是有很多争吵(arguments)，尤其是关于后座的“我们”谁坐(sit)在中间时。10A.settle BrestCs
99、it DwatchC解析：参见上题解析。11A.sharing BrespectCcommunication DtoleranceD解析：根据该句中的“But”表达的语境可知，尽管这很难解决，但是“我们”学会了忍耐(tolerance)。12A.light BheavyClocal DfastB解析：根据该句中的“It should have been an hours drive but was nearly three”可知，本可以在一小时就完成的路程，“我们”却花了将近三个小时。据此可推知，这里道路较差，交通拥堵，故B项正确。13A.suddenly BsensitivelyCcalml
100、y DslowlyD解析：根据语境可知，“我们”在后座看到母亲慢慢地转过头对父亲说：“没有，我还以为你放了”。14A.silence BvainCpanic DdisappointmentA解析：根据上文可知，母亲忘记将手提箱放进车里；结合该句和下文中的“we had to learn to let go of our anger”可知，“我们”学会了控制自己的怒气，这个七小时的行程最终变成了十六小时的行程，我们大部分的时间都在沉默。15A.buried BcrazyCstuck DimpatientC解析：根据语境可知，在像上文提到的情况下，“我们”必须控制自己的怒气，因为在接下来的旅程(j
101、ourney)里“我们”和相同的人一起被困在(stuck)车里。16A.holiday BjourneyCexploration DmarchB解析：参见上题解析。17A.dragging BpushingChelping DsendingB解析：根据该句中的“I kept my feelings to myself”可知，“我”控制住了自己的情绪。据此可推知，此处表示有时“我”想要打开车门将“我”的一个姐妹推出车外。B项意为“推”，故B项正确。18A.unusual BcommonCfree DmobileD解析：根据该句中的“road trips”以及下文中的“We _ our PhDs(
102、博士学位)”可知，对于“我们”来说，公路旅行就如可移动的(mobile)大学。19A.earned BexpectedCmissed DvaluedA解析：根据语境可知，就在这辆旧汽车里，“我们”获得了如何和他人相处的博士学位。A项意为“获得，赢得”，故A项正确。20A.somewhere BanytimeCsomehow DanywayC解析：根据语境可知，如果“我们”能以某种方式在人生中获得第二次机会的话，“我们”还会去旅行。C项意为“以某种方式”，故C项正确。课时练22篇阅读1篇七选五1篇语法填空 阅读理解A(2020合肥第一次质检)We can have video chat with
103、 astronauts aboard the International Space Station and watch live footage from the frozen heights of a mountain. But communicating with a submarine(潜艇) or a diver is not so easy. The lack of practical methods for sharing data between underwater and airborne(空气传播的) devices has long been a frustration
104、 for scientists. The difficulty stems from the fact that radio signals work perfectly in air travel but poorly in water. Sonar signals used by underwater sensors reflect off the surface of water rather than reaching the air.Now, researchers at MIT have developed a method with the potential to revolu
105、tionize underwater communication. “What weve shown is that its actually feasible to communicate from underwater to the air，” says Fadel Adib, a professor at MITs Media Lab, who led the research.The MIT researchers designed a system that uses an underwater machine to send sonar signals to the surface
106、, making vibrations(震动) corresponding to the 1s and 0s of the data. A surface receiver then reads and decodes these tiny vibrations. The researchers call the system TARF. “It has any number of potential realworld uses，” Adib says. “It could be used to find downed planes underwater by reading signals
107、 from sonar devices in a planes black box and it could allow submarines to communicate with the surface.”Right now the technology is lowresolution. The initial study was conducted in the MIT swimming pool at maximum depths of around 11 or 12 feet. The next steps for the researchers are to see if TAR
108、F is workable at much greater depths and under varying conditionshigh waves, storms, schools of fish. They also want to see if they can make the technology work in the other directionair to water. If the technology proves successful in realworld conditions, expect “texting while diving” to be the la
109、test underwater fashion.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项麻省理工学院的科学家发明的从水下与地面上的人进行通信的技术。1What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 1?AThe future of video chat underwater and in air.BThe frustrations of developing underwater devices.CThe difficulty of communication from water to air.DThe current situat
110、ion of communicating with a submarine.C解析：段落大意题。通读第一段的内容可知，该段主要讲的是从水下与地面的人进行通信非常困难，故选C。2What does the underlined word “feasible” mean?AAchievable.BConvenient.CChangeable. DAlternative.A解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“Now, researchers at MIT have developed.underwater communication.”可知，麻省理工学院的研究人员发明了一种可能改变水下通信的方法，使
111、从水下与地面上的人进行沟通成为可能，故A项“可实现的”与画线词意思最相近。故选A。3What do we know about TARF?AIt is widely used to find downed planes.BIt can work well at great depths underwater.CIt is an underwater machine that sends signals.DIt can send, receive and read signals from underwater.D解析：推理判断题。文章第三段详细讲述了TARF系统的工作原理：该系统使用一个水下机
112、器向水面发送声呐信号，对0到1秒的数据产生震动，然后水面接收器读取并对这些微小的震动进行重新编码，这样可以从水下与地面上的人进行通信。故选D。4What is the best title for the text?AThe Realworld Uses of Sonar TechnologyBFull Watertoair Communication Closer to RealityCA Breakthrough in the Application of Video ChatDTARF Becoming a New Means of CommunicationB解析：标题归纳题。通读全文
113、可知，本文主要介绍了科学家发明的一种从水下与地面上的人进行通信联系的系统，研究人员将会把它投入到真实的状况下进行验证，因此B项最适合作本文标题。B(2020山西八校第一次联考)At a farm off Narrow Lane near Lexington, Kentucky, US., oldfashioned houses look over the little red barn(畜舍)The farm is mostly empty now.Jim Mahan and his family, who lived there for generations, have moved to
114、a different plot of land in northern Fayette County.As land is sold, houses go up where there once were fields.But during the summer, the barn is filled with city kids who have come to enjoy the farm. Theyre members of the Fayette County Livestock(FCL) Club, which showcases skills as varied as cutti
115、ng wool. The barn is where they look after the animals. “A lot of Lexington kids dont know anything about farm life，” said Adria Meier, 17, who has looked after goats and sheep for three years. “There is so much to learn.”The dozen or so children who take care of their goats and sheep at the little
116、red barn must do a sixhour class before they get an animal. They pay for their own animals but get special club programs, such as one that provides vet(兽医) care.Mahan lets the group use the barn for free, and the kids spend up to three hours a day there during the summer.But as his land gets sold, h
117、e doesnt know whether the club can continue. What makes the FCL Club special is that most of the kids cant just walk out their doors and take care of their animals. Most are driven to the barn by their mothers, who usually hang around and chat as their kids feed and exercise the animals.There are va
118、luable lessons learned along the way. For instance, dont cut wool off your goat when there is wind, and sheep are social animals and will cry loudly when separated. “Tending to animals helps teach us responsibility. Unlike learning to shoot an arrow, caring for an animal isnt something you can simpl
119、y abandon，” said Carly Playforth, 16, of Lexington.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文， 主要讲述了一群城里的孩子来到乡间农场体验不同的生活，照顾农场动物的故事。5What is the requirement for kids before they get animals?AAttend a class.BPay certain money.CHave varied skills.DGet special club programs.A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“must do a sixhour class before they get
120、 an animal”可知，得到动物之前，孩子们必须上一节六小时的课程，这个课程可能是培训孩子们如何照顾动物的。6What do we know about the club?AIt offers services unconditionally.BIt pays for their use of the barn.CIt lets Mothers care for animals.DIt allows Mothers to push kids.D解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Most are driven to the barn by their mothers”可推知，该俱乐部让孩子的
121、妈妈督促孩子参与农场活动，故选D项。7How does Carly Playforth feel about the experience?ASuspicious.BMoved.CAppreciative. DOpposed.C解析：观点态度题。最后一段首句是段落主旨句，作者引用Carly Playforth的话是为了进一步说明因照顾动物而教会孩子们的珍贵东西，比如责任。由此可知， Carly Playforth对这种经历是赞赏的(appreciative)。8What is the passage mainly about? AKids life on a sold farm.BValuab
122、le lessons learned on the farm.CA special club intended for Lexington kids.DA club activity of caring for farm animals.D解析：主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文重点介绍的是FCL俱乐部借助一个农场举办的活动让孩子们亲自照顾动物，在这一过程中，孩子们获益匪浅。故D项概括最为全面。 七选五(2020济南模拟)About one hundred years ago many educated people learned and spoke French when they met
123、 people from other countries. Today most people speak English when they meet foreigners. 1._ There are more people who speak English as a second language than people who speak English as a first language. Why is this?2_ One of them is that English has become the language of business. Another importa
124、nt reason is that popular American culture(like movies and music) has quickly spread throughout the world. 3._Is it good that English has spread to all parts of the world so quickly? 4._ Its important to have a language that the people of the earth have in common. Our world has become very global an
125、d we need to communicate with one another. On the other hand, English is a fairly complicated language to learn and it brings its culture with it. Do we really need that?Scientists have already tried to create an artificial language that isnt too difficult and doesnt include any groups culture. It i
126、s called Esperanto. 5._ Maybe the popularity of English wont last that long either. There are more people in the world who speak Chinese than any other language. Maybe someday Chinese will be the new international language.APeople like English.BBut it hasnt become popular.CIt has brought its languag
127、e with it.DThere is no doubt about the question.EThis is why English was widely spoken.FIt has become the new international language.GThere are many reasons why English has become so popular.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要分析了英语作为国际语言流行的原因及对未来可能流行的语言的预测。1F解析：根据第一段的前两句可知，大约一百年前很多有学问的人学习法语，并且在见到来自其他国家的人时说法语，现在大部分人见到
128、外国人时说英语。由此可推知，英语已经成了新的国际性语言。故选F项。2G解析：承接上文“Why is this？”，并结合本段中的“One of them is”和“Another important reason is”可推知，此空表述英语流行有诸多原因，故选G项。3C解析：承接上文美国文化在全球的流行可知，它的语言也随之而来，故选C项。4D解析：承接上文的疑问句，并结合下文的肯定陈述“Its important to have a language that the people of the earth have in common.”可知，此处是表示英语在全世界的传播是一件好事，故选D项
129、。5B解析：结合下文“Maybe the popularity of English wont last that long either.”可知，B项“但是它并没有流行起来”符合语境，衔接上下文。 语法填空(2020绵阳第一次诊断)Adam Braun established the organization Pencils of Promise in 2008. Its goal is 1._(make) sure all children have a chance for education.It all started when he was a college student. A
130、dam Braun was visiting India when 2._ girl stopped him on the street and asked for money. He asked her what she desired 3._(much) of all in the world. Astonishingly, her answer was “a pencil”. The girl had never been to school before, and that was the 4._(real) for 57 million children around the wor
131、ld.After graduation, Adam Braun never forgot the girl and the problem of 5._(her). “We live in a world in which every single child can have access 6._ quality education. So I was determined to create schools in other places 7._children are hungry for education.” Adam Braun began to raise money for h
132、is project through social media.“We are working hard to make sure that the program is not just beautiful photos and videos of children, but that were 8._(actual) seeing amazing results in the classroom. Thats why our 9._(kid) in Pencils of Promise schools progress fast from one grade to the next，” B
133、raun said.Since then, it 10._(help) more than 22，000 children in Africa, Asia and Latin America.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了Adam Braun建立了一个旨在帮助所有孩子接受教育的组织。1to make解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：它的目标是确保所有的孩子都有机会接受教育。此处用不定式作表语。2a解析：考查冠词。句意：Adam Braun在印度游览时，一个女孩在街上拦住了他，向他要钱。girl为可数名词单数，且此处是第一次提到，故应用不定冠词a。3most解析：考查副词的最高级。句意：他问她在世界上她最
134、想要什么。根据句意及空后的“of all”可知，此处表示“最想要”，故应用副词的最高级形式。4reality解析：考查名词。句意：这个女孩从来没有上过学，这是全世界5 700万孩子的现状。此处定冠词“the”后应跟名词。故用reality，意为“事实，现实”。5hers解析：考查代词。句意：毕业后，Adam Braun从来没有忘记这个女孩和她的问题。介词of后应跟名词性物主代词，表示“她的”，故此处应用hers。6to解析：考查介词。此处考查固定搭配have access to sth.“有机会使用”，故应用介词to。7where解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行
135、词other places，且在从句中作地点状语，故应用where。8actually解析：考查副词。句意：我们努力确保这个项目不只是孩子们漂亮的图片和视频，还有我们真正地看到课堂上令人惊叹的成果。修饰动词应用副词actually。9kids解析：考查名词的单复数。句意：Braun说，这就是在Pencils of Promise学校的孩子们从一个年级到下个年级进步迅速的原因。根据句意及谓语动词progress可知，此处应用kid的复数形式。10has helped解析：考查动词的时态。句意：从那时起，它已经帮助了非洲、亚洲和拉丁美洲的22 000多个孩子。根据时间状语“Since then”可知，此处应用现在完成时。
