1、一、语基必备知识(一)重点词汇分类记忆.阅读词汇知其意1concept n概念2chart n. 表格，图表3gallery n. 画廊4artificial adj. 人造的5virus n. 病毒6crime n. 犯罪；罪行7terrorist n. 恐怖分子8nuclear adj. 原子能的9network n. 网络10title n. 标题；题目11flesh n. 肉；肉体12exit vt. 出；离开13dip vt. 浸14millionaire n. 百万富翁15tourism n. 观光，游览16smoker n. 吸烟者.核心词汇写其形1likely adj. 有可能
2、的adv. (与most, very连用)可能2focus vi. 集中注意3average adj. 平均的 n. 平均数4climate n. 气候5flood n. 洪水，水灾 vt.& vi. 淹没6affect vt. 影响7rapidly adv. 快，迅速地8growth n. 增长；生长9crash vt. (汽车、飞机等)撞毁；坠毁10project n. 课题；方案；工程11fancy vt. (非正式)想要做；幻想12reject vt. 拒绝，不接受13destination n. 目的地14pack vt. 收拾(行李)，打包15guide n. 指南；导游，向导16
3、view n. 景色，风景.拓展词汇通其变1. reality n. 真实，现实real adj. 真的really adv. 真实地；实际上2attack n. & vt. 攻击，进攻attacker n. 攻击者3optimistic adj. 乐观的optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义optimist n. 乐观的人；乐天派4entertainment n. 娱乐；款待entertain vt. 使娱乐；款待5disappear vi. 消失disappearance n. 消失appear vi. 出现(反义词)appearance n. 出现；外貌6harm vt. & n. 伤害
4、，损害harmful adj. 有伤害的harmless adj. 无害的7obvious adj. 明显的，显而易见的obviously adv. 明显地8scientific adj. 科学的science n. 科学scientist n. 科学家9suggestion n. 建议，提议suggest vt. 建议，提议10arrangement n. 安排arrange vt. 安排11settle vi. 定居settlement n. 定居地settler n. 移民者12regular adj. 定期的；规则的regularly adv. 定期地；规则地regulation n.
5、 章程，规章制度13attractive adj. 吸引人的，有魅力的attraction n. 吸引力；具有吸引力的事物或人attract vt. 吸引14. officially adv. 正式地official adj. 官方的；正式的1.盘点含后缀“er”的名词beginner初学者swimmer 游泳者traveller 旅游者farmer 农民smoker 吸烟者player 演员；运动员keeper 看守人2.由crime想到的theft n偷窃robbery n. 抢劫kidnap n. 绑架murder n. 谋杀corruption n. 贪污cheating n. 作弊d
6、omestic violence 家庭暴力3.走进“旅游(行)”圈tourism旅游业tourist 游客journey 长途旅行travel 旅行trip 短途旅行tour 观光旅行voyage (乘船)航行，航海 (二)重点短语记牢用活1make_up编造，构成2come_true (愿望、梦想等)实现3as_if 好像，仿佛4hang_on (电话用语)别挂断5get_in_touch 取得联系6be_up_to 做，从事于7in_the_flesh 本人亲身8._as_well_as 也，又9._be_known_as 被认为是10._in_the_future 将来11._take_
7、action 采取行动12._whats_more 而且13._take_over 接收，接管14._consist_of 由组成15._cut_off 切掉，切断1.不能用于被动语态的高频短语consist of 由构成run out 用完date back to/from 追溯到belong to 属于give out 用尽；精疲力竭2.“be knownprep.”短语小结be known for 因而出名/闻名be known as 作为而出名be known to 为熟知be known by 被所知3.“as.as”短语集锦as well as也，和，以及as far as 至于；
8、远至as long as 只要as soon as 一就as much as 与一样多 (三)重点句式背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：Itbeadj.that.句型，其中It作形式主语.“it_is_clear_that we are going to see a huge growth in shopping on the Internet.” “很明显，我们将会看到网上购物的大幅度增长。”句型2：as if/though意为“似乎，好像”，引导表语从句Some experts see our future in virtual realitythe use of computers wit
9、h sounds and pictures that make you feel as_if you are in a real situation.有些专家看到我们虚拟现实的未来运用计算机产生的声音和视觉效果，使你感觉就好像生活在现实中一样。句型3：have sth.done使某事被做，让别人做某事Do you have_anything_planned for Saturday and Sunday？你周六和周天有什么计划吗？句型4：not only.but also.意为“不但而且”，用来连接两个对等的句子成分We would not_only be able to travel aro
10、und the world, but_also go to study in any world famous universities we wanted to.我们将不仅可以环游世界，还可以去任何我们想去的世界著名大学里学习。句型5：动词it形容词to do sth.句型，其中it作形式宾语But I still find_it_hard_to_imagine.但我还是觉得难以想象。二、语境强化训练.语境填词根据提示写出该词的适当形式1(2019江苏卷) It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains.Mamm
11、als weighing sixty kilograms have an average(平均的) brain size of 200 cm3.2With his attention focused(集中) on what the teacher was saying, Tom didnt know what was happening outside.3Studies show that people are more likely(可能的) to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for
12、 long hours.4(2018全国卷)Join a guided bike tour and view(观看) some of the most popular monuments in Washington, DC.5Traffic problems have severely affected(影响) the economic development. 6(2019全国卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlem
13、ents(settle)，leading to a belief that populations are increasing.7Children need discipline, but they need guidance(guide) even more.8These plays were a popular form of entertainment(entertain) in the 1920s and 1930s.9They have been looking for scientific(science) methods of farming since ten years a
14、go.10(2018江苏卷)If you want to disturb the car industry, youd better have a few billion dollars: Momandpop carmakers are unlikely(likely) to beat the biggest car companies.派生词练习用所给词的适当形式填空1The woman pays a regular visit to her doctor. The doctor examines her body regularly. While she is waiting, she o
15、ften repeats the regulations on the wall.(regular)2Reading in the sun does harm to our eyes.That is，it is harmful to our eyes to read in the sun. However，the sunlight is harmless to the crops.(harm)3It is obvious that the boy doesnt like the singer. Obviously,_he is looking for another singer in the
16、 hall.(obvious)4What attracted him most was the attractive park. But he planned to visit another attraction in this area first.(attract)5The sufferers were all optimists and I was deeply affected by their optimism. And I began to learn to be optimistic，too.(optimistic).选词成篇as if; be known as; come t
17、rue; write down; make up; cut off; take action; consist of; get in touch withLi Ming has 1.been_known_as a famous writer since his latest book 2.consisting_of several novels came out.It is not surprising that his dream es_true.During the past few years, he kept 4.writing_down his experiences with wh
18、ich he 5.made_up some interesting stories. While he was writing his books, he always 6.cut himself off from the outside world.Now he begins to 7.take_action to 8.get_in_touch_with his friends who he misses very much. It seems 9.as_if they had been out of touch for ages.in ones view; settle in; as we
19、ll as; focus on; be up to; have problems withAfter 10.settling_in Beijing, with the help of his friends, Chris bought a new house 11.as_well_as a portable computer. But one day his computer crashed and 12.in_his_view it was likely to have been attacked by a virus. Because he 13.had_problems_with how
20、 to deal with it, he had to ask his friends for suggestions. With their help, his computer began to work again, and then he could 14.focus_on the scientific research he 15.had_been_up_to.完成句子1很显然当时电影长城很受欢迎。It_is_clear_that the film the Great Wall was very popular at that time.2厨房看上去好像重新漆过一样。The kitc
21、hen looks as_if/though it has been repainted.3你平时都在哪儿剪头发？Where do you normally have_your_hair_cut?4他不仅英语说得准确，还说得流利。Not only does_he_speak_English_correctly，but also he speaks it fluently.5我认识一些人，他们觉得戒烟几乎是不可能的。I know people who find_it_nearly_impossible_to_give_up smoking. likelyadj.有可能的基础练习单句语法填空(20
22、19全国卷)Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to_recover(recover) at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.(陕西卷)If one is late for a job interview, it is unlikely(likely) that he will get the job.能力提升一句多译白天这个时候他不可能来，因为他太忙了。He_is_not_likely_to_come/I
23、t_is_not_likely_that_he_will_come at this time of the day because he is too busy. (likely)It_is_not_possible_for_him_to_come/It_is_not_possible_that_he_will_come at this time of the day because he is too busy. (possible)It_is_not_probable_that_he_will_come at this time of the day because he is too b
24、usy. (probable) (1)Sb./Sth.be likely to do sth.某人/某物可能会做某事It is likely that. 很可能(2)unlikely adj. 不可能的名师点津 (1)likely指从表面迹象来判断，表面上看来有可能。常用结构：Sb./Sth. is likely to do sth.；Its likely that .；(2)possible指客观上有可能，也许实际发生的可能性并不大。常用结构：It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.；It is possible that .；(3)probable表示有几分根
25、据的推测，比possible表示的可能性大，一般不用表示人的词作主语。常用结构：It is probable that .。 focusn焦点；集中点；焦距；中心v(使)集中；聚集 基础练习单句语法填空(2018全国卷)Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions.a.With his attention focused(focus) on his homework, he forgot all about what I
26、 had told him.bWith so many people focusing(focus) their eyes on him, he felt very nervous.能力提升完成句子/句式升级(普通表达)He focused_his_energy_on_working(专注于工作), so he spared no time to travel.(高级表达)Focusing_his_energy_on_working,_he spared no time to travel.(分词作状语)(高级表达)With_his_energy_focused_on_working,_he
27、spared no time to travel.(with复合结构) (1)focus on/upon集中(注意力/精力)于focus ones attention/mind/energy on 集中注意力/心思/精力于(2)the focus of attention/concern/argument 注意力/关注/争论的焦点 佳句背诵 The whole world focused on the 2019 Beijing summit of the Forum on ChinaAfrica Cooperation.全球目光都聚焦于2019年中非合作论坛北京峰会。名师点津 表示“集中精力于
28、”的短语还有concentrate ones attention on, fix ones attention on, put ones heart into等。 affectvt.影响；感动；侵袭基础练习单句语法填空The election of the new president affected(affect) the countrys relationships with many different foreign countries and international organizations.Affected(affect) with a serious disease, he
29、 was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery.能力提升句式升级(普通表达)Many young people were affected by his story. They began to do volunteer work for the disabled.(高级表达)Affected_by_his_story,_many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled.(分词作状语) (1)be greatly
30、/deeply affected by被深深打动be affected with high fever 发高烧(2)effect n. 作用；影响have an effect/influence on 对产生影响 佳句背诵 It is obvious that blindly following others advice will affect our own judgment.显而易见， 盲目地接受他人的意见将影响我们的判断。 (2018江苏卷)联想发散 “被深深地感动”的表达：be deeply moved；be deeply touched；be deeply affected har
31、mn伤害；损害vt.损害；危害 基础练习单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义There is no harm in giving gifts to children，but they should not be rewards.(2019全国卷)While the suns rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D损害；危害能力提升一句多译众所周知，观看暴力电视节目对孩子们有害。As we know, watching violence on TV does_harm_to_children/does
32、_children_harm(harm n)As we know, watching violence on TV is_harmful_to_children(harmful adj.) (1)do/cause harm to sb.对某人造成伤害do sb. harm 对某人造成伤害There is no harm in doing. 做某事无害处。(2)harmful adj. 有害的，造成伤害的be harmful to. 对有害 佳句背诵 At present, breaking traffic rules and littering are common, doing seriou
33、s harm to life and the environment.目前，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了极大的危害。 suggestvt.建议，提议；推荐；表明，暗示基础练习单句改错New brain research suggests our brains should work differently when we face a nervous situation. 删除shouldThe smile on her face suggested that she be very satisfied with what we had done. bewas能力提升
34、完成句子(天津卷)因为有太多的工作要做，经理提出一个建议，我们应该配备个助手。The manager put forward a suggestion that we_should_have_an_assistant. There is too much work to do.(四川卷)为了掌握普通话， 我强烈建议你多与中国人练习， 只有通过练习你才能发现这种语言的美。To master Mandarin, I strongly suggest_you_(should)_practice_with_Chinese people.Only through practice can you fin
35、d the beauty of this language.人们建议我们应该捐赠一些我们不再喜欢或不再用的东西。It_is_suggested_that_we_should_donate things which we no longer like or use. (1)suggest (sb.s) doing sth.建议(某人)做某事suggest (that) .(should) do建议(从句用虚拟语气)It is suggested that.建议(that从句用虚拟语气)(2)suggestion n. 建议，提议make/offer/give a suggestion 提出建议
36、佳句背诵 I suggest you read these articles before proceeding with this one.继续阅读本文之前，建议您看一看这些文章。名师点津 suggest作“建议”讲时，后接从句时要用虚拟语气(suggestion后面的名词性从句也要用虚拟语气)；作“暗示，表明”讲时，后接的从句不用虚拟语气。 settlevt.使定居；安排；解决；使平静vi.定居；和解；决定基础练习单句语法填空a.(2018全国卷)People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and natura
37、lly suited to communications and trade.b(2017天津卷)Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter settle down,_get married, and have kids.After reaching a settlement(settle) with the school, she soon settled into her new school life.(2017全国卷)With so many poems to recite, youd better settle down t
38、o learning(learn) their backgrounds.能力提升句式升级(普通表达)The problem was settled and they were happy and relaxed.(高级表达)With_the_problem_settled,_they were happy and relaxed.(with的复合结构) (1)settle down平静下来；定居settle down to (doing) sth. 安心做某事；专心做某事settle in/into 安顿下来； 习惯于(新居)； 适应(新工作)(2)settlement n. 安顿；定居；解决
39、；协议settler n. 移民；殖民者 佳句背诵 With the governments aid，those affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.在政府的援助下，那些受到地震影响的人已经搬到新的定居点。(上海卷)She didnt start the lesson until the pupils settled down.等学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。 viewn景色；风景；观点，见解；视野vt.把视为；看；观看 一词多义写出下列句中view的含义(北京卷)While climbing the mo
40、untain，we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view.风景I can only give you a personal view of how we can live life to the full.观点，见解(全国卷)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.视野能力提升完成句子In_view_of(鉴于) the present situation, well have to cha
41、nge our original plan.In_my_view(依我看), you should follow your teachers advice.As the car approached the town center，several tall buildings came_into_view(进入视野) (1)in view在视野中in view of 鉴于；考虑到in ones view 在某人看来come into view 看得见get/have a good view of 清楚地看到；饱览take/hold the view that. 持的观点(2)view.as.
42、把看作 佳句背诵 Standing on the Jingshan, you will get a better view of the Forbidden City which is surrounded by a 7.9metrehigh city wall. 站在景山上， 你可以更清楚地看到被7.9米高城墙围绕的紫禁城。 averagen平均；平均数adj. 普通的，通常的；平均的vt.平均为基础练习语段填空There were 90 students getting full marks in the exam, with an average of 18 students in ea
43、ch class. Janes was above average while Johns was below average, which made his teacher disappointed.能力提升完成句子(浙江卷)去年平均降雨量仅为18.75厘米，使其成为自1850年加利福尼亚在成为一个州以来最干旱的一年。An_average_of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year, making it the driest year since California became a state in 1850.(2018全国卷)所有学生每周有两节体育课
44、，每天平均跑20分钟。All students have two PE classes a week and run for 20 minutes on_average every day.on average平均an average of. 平均有with an average of 平均为above/below (the) average 在平均水平以上/ 以下词块助记 the worlds average temperature世界平均温度children of average intelligence 智力一般的儿童an average cost/price 平均成本/价格an ave
45、rage student 一个普通的学生 come true实现，变成现实基础练习单句改错Dreams in our heart will come to true one day as long as we insist and keep making great efforts.删除toWhen things go wrongly, all of us naturally feel disappointed and frustrated. wronglywrong能力提升完成句子考试结果可能会正如所预料的那样， 我被我最喜爱的大学录取的梦想将会成为现实。The exams are like
46、ly to work out as expected and my dream to be admitted into/to my favorite university will_come_true鱼和肉变质的时候，味道非常难闻。When_fish_and_meat_go_bad,_they smell e loose/right变松/变好go bad/mad/wrong/hungry 变质/发疯/出错/挨饿 名师点津 一般来说，come 与 go 作系动词，都含“变为”之意。come后的形容词表语常指令说话人“感到满意或开心”的结果，go 后的形容词表语多表“令人不快或沮丧”的情况。Don
47、t worry，and everything will come right.别担心，一切都会变好的。There are some families going hungry in the world now.现在世界上有一些家庭正在挨饿。 get in touch (with)和取得联系基础练习单句改错How long have you got in touch with Mr.Smith？gotbeen_He lost in touch with his father when he was ten years old.删除in能力提升完成句子It is not easy for us t
48、o get_in_touch_with(和取得联系) each other，so we must keep_in_touch(保持联系) from now on.Having_been_out_of_touch(失去联系) with his parents for two years, Jones returned home, safe and sound.keep/stay in touch with与保持联系；了解，掌握lose touch with 和失去联系(be) out of touch with 与没有联系be in touch with 同有联系佳句背诵 To make it
49、easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand. 为了更方便地联系到我们，你最好随身带着这张卡片。(北京卷) hang on(hold on)(电话用语)别挂断；抓紧不放；别放弃，坚持下去；稍等 一词多义写出下列句中hang on的含义I think we should hang on and see the end of the game.坚持We all hung on as the bus swung around a sharp bend.紧紧抓住Hang on！Ill be back in a mi
50、nute.稍等基础练习单句语法填空(江苏卷)It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.He was so angry that he hung up before I could say a word.If you hang on,_you will succeed in the end.At the weekend I like to just hang out with my friends.hang on to紧紧抓住；坚持下去；依靠hang out 闲逛；常去(某处)hang
51、 up 挂断电话佳句背诵 The line is busy，would you like to hang on？电话线路忙，请别挂断好吗？After I hung up I remembered what Id wanted to say.我挂断电话之后才想起来原本想说的话。名师点津 我们学过的表示“挂断电话/别挂断电话”的短语还有：ring off 挂断电话；hold the line别挂断。 (be) up to做，忙于，从事于；多达，达到(数量/规格)；胜任；直到为止；取决于，由决定；是的责任一词多义写出下列句中be up to 的含义The children are very quie
52、t.I wonder what they are up to.忙于John was dismissed because he was not up to his work.胜任Is their spoken English up to the companys standard？达到“Shall we have red wine or white？” “Its up to you.”由决定能力提升完成句子为他们组织一些精彩的歌舞演出是我的职责。Its_up_to_me to organize some wonderful singing and dancing performances for
53、 them. (1)up to(数量、 时间等)一直到；多达be up to 适合，胜任；忙于，从事于(2)Its up to sb.to do sth.由某人负责做某事。 佳句背诵 Its up to you what kind of life you will lead in the future.未来你将过什么样的生活由你自己来决定。(上海卷)The young girl is so green that she wont be up to the job.这个年轻的女孩太年轻，她不可能胜任这份工作。 Itbeadj.that.句型，其中It作形式主语(教材P8).“it is clea
54、r that we are going to see a huge growth in shopping on the Internet.”“很明显，我们将会看到网上购物的大幅度增长。”基础练习完成句子It is important that you (should)_hand_in_your_article(上交你的文章) before 28th, June. Its_a_pity_that(真遗憾) youve missed such a good chance.能力提升句式升级(普通表达)Obviously, you should have enough sleep to improve
55、 your work efficiency.(高级表达)It_is_obvious_that you should have enough sleep to improve your work efficiency. (1)It be形容词(possible, obvious, important.)that从句(2)It be过去分词(said, thought, believed, supposed, reported.)that从句(3)It不及物动词(seem, occur, happen.)that从句(4)It be名词短语(a pity, a fact, a wonder, an
56、 honour, an idea, no wonder.)that从句 佳句背诵 It is obvious that without your timely help, I wouldnt have achieved my goal.显而易见， 没有你及时的帮助，我不可能实现我的目标。 as if/though意为“似乎，好像”，引导表语从句(教材P8)Some experts see our future in virtual realitythe use of computers with sounds and pictures that make you feel as if you
57、are in a real situation.有些专家看到我们虚拟现实的未来运用计算机产生的声音和视觉效果，使你感觉就好像生活在现实中一样。基础练习单句语法填空Hurry up! It looks as if the train is_going(go) to move in two minutes.(江苏卷)More generally，the Internet functions as if it were(be) my memory.(重庆卷)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had_
58、done(do) it?能力提升句式升级(普通表达)She walked here and there on the playground as if she was looking for something.(高级表达)She walked here and there on the playground as_if_looking_for_something(省略句)(普通表达)The boy stood there with his head bent as if he was criticized by the teacher.(高级表达)The boy stood there wi
59、th his head bent as_if_criticized_by_the_teacher(省略句) (1)as if/as though意为“仿佛，好像”，引导表语从句。常位于be, look, seem, sound, smell, feel等系动词之后。(2)as if/though引导从句，当从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生(存在)的情况时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气。其形式如下：表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去时；表示与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；表示与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用would/could/might do。 佳句背诵 He talks about
60、Rome as if he had been there before.他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。名师点津 如果as if/as though引导的方式状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中有be的某种形式，则省略“从句主语be”。 动词it形容词to do sth.句型，其中it作形式宾语(教材P12)But I still find it hard to imagine.但我还是觉得难以想象。基础练习单句语法填空(北京卷)To make it easier_to_get(get) in touch with us, youd better keep this card at
61、hand.(山东卷)Susan made_it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. 能力提升句式升级(普通表达)I think reading in bed is no good and it does great harm to your eyes.(高级表达)I_think_it_no_good_reading_in_bed,_which_does_great_harm_to_your_eyes.(形式宾语非限制性定语从句) (1)当不定式短语或从句等作宾语时，多用it作形式宾语。(2)常用于该句型的动词还
62、有make, think, consider, feel, believe等。 佳句背诵 Having discussed the problem all afternoon, the committee consisting of five members finally came up with a solution to it, which made it possible for us to complete the task.讨论了这个问题整整一下午， 这个由五人组成的委员会最终想出了解决方法，这使我们完成这项任务成为可能。维度一在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式1(2018全国卷)T
63、hey found that more ondemand entertainment(entertain) viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.2They provide an environment where you can practice under the guidance(guide) of someone whos good at the language.3Smartphones make it easier and more co
64、nvenient to check reality(real), watch video clips，and read weibo.4No hurry, Bill.If we take a taxi, we will_get(get) there on time for the concert.5(2018全国卷)If you are planning to do exercise regularly(regular)，or youre doing it now，then listen up!维度二在空白处填入1个适当的单词1Later, he made a suggestion that w
65、e should go out for a walk.2We are likely to place a large order with you if the price is reasonable.3(2019全国卷)The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season.4We should view change as a challenge and a rewarding experience.5The exerc
66、ises in this chapter can guide you, but it will be up to you to do the actual work.维度三易错混用(改正下列句子中的错误)1On view of your present bad mood，youd better put off the work till next week.OnIn2We welcome customers to get in the touch with us with their concerns. 删除the3After a fierce quarrel，the couple settl
67、ed down to do some cleaning at home.dodoing4Injuring during the football match the boy was examined by a doctor.InjuringInjured5If she returned an hour earlier，she wouldnt have been caught in the rain.在returned前加had维度四语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)1Everyone present at the meeting had different views, so they f
68、ailed to reach an agreement.观点2(2018江苏卷)As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurants reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices.And doubling a buffets price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.推荐3(江苏卷)With the development of the society, Inter
69、net voting has become more and more popular, gradually affecting peoples life in all respects.影响4Health and environmental problems have increasingly become the focus of attention.焦点5The average temperature ranges between 23 and 39and 51% of the island is covered with forests.平均的提能一语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心
70、知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)One day, Tom 1.got(get) in touch with one of his good friends Linda. She 2.is_known(know) as a writer and 3.has_settled(settle) in the suburbs for three years. Nowadays, she is focusing her attention on 4.writing(write) a new novel about cyberspace, which consists 5.of six sect
71、ions. Tom told Linda that he would take 6.over his fathers company soon. Whats more, he would take immediate action 7.to_realize(realize) his dream. 8.It is clear that he is going to make the business bigger and stronger. His father told him if he kept the business 9.running(run) smoothly, he would
72、travel abroad as if his grandfather had done so. In the view of Linda, Tom should hang 10.on until he succeeds.提能二话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)1补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)过去，王先生是一个上网成瘾者。 Mr.Wang used_to_fancy_surfing the Internet very much.上网成瘾给他造成了很大的伤害。Addiction to the Internet harmed_him_greatly面对他的情况，他的朋友和
73、家人都劝他停止上网，但是他不听。When his friends as_well_as his family were_faced_with his condition, they tried_to_persuade_him_to_stop it but he wouldnt listen.两年之后，他的身体明显变得很虚弱，他不得不接受了医生的建议，停止上网。Two years later, he became too weak obviously, so he had_to_take_a_doctors_suggestion and quitted_surfing_the_Internet2
74、升级平淡句用过去分词作状语升级句Faced_with_his_condition,_his_friends_as_well_as_his_family_tried_to_persuade_him_to_stop_it_but_he_wouldnt_listen.用it作形式主语升级句Two_years_later,_it_was_obvious_that_he_became_too_weak,_so_he_had_to_take_a_doctors_suggestion_and_quitted_surfing_the_Internet.3衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：as a res
75、ult)_One possible version：Mr.Wang used to fancy surfing the Internet very much. As a result, addiction to the Internet harmed him greatly. Faced with his condition, his friends as well as his family tried to persuade him to stop it but he wouldnt listen. Two years later, it was obvious that he becam
76、e too weak, so he had to take a doctors suggestion and quitted surfing the Internet.课时练12篇阅读1篇完形.阅读理解A(2020六安高三联考)A new study has shown how computers and robots powered by artificial intelligence can read human eye movements to “read” human personalities.The eyes, they say, are the windows to the so
77、ul. And if that is true, computers and robots powered by sophisticated(复杂的) artificial intelligence algorithms(演算法) may soon have the ability to peer_into your soul. That is the result of a new study on the connection between eye movements and personality, conducted by neuroscience researchers based
78、 at the University of South Australia and published in the scientific journal Frontiers in Neuroscience.“Eye movements during an everyday task predict aspects of our personality，” wrote the researchers, led by University of South Australia neuroscientist Tobias Loetscher, whose team followed 42 stud
79、y subjects around the university campus recording their eye movements, then determined their personality traits with “wellestablished questionnaires” for determining the personality type, according to a summary of the study published by the site Science Daily.The researchers fed the data into their
80、AI algorithms and found that computers running the algorithms were able to record human eye movements and immediately determine a persons major personality traits, such as “neuroticism, extraversion(外向), agreeableness, conscientiousness, as well as curiosity”， the scientists wrote.“The new findings
81、could improve the way human beings interact with their computers and other hightech devices, even robots, allowing for more natural and realistic social interactions with machines，” Loetscher said.“People are always looking for improved, personalized services. Todays robots and computers are not soc
82、ially aware so they cannot adapt to nonverbal information，” Loetscher said in a statement quoted by The Indian Express. This research provides opportunities to develop robots and computers so that they can become more natural, and better at interpreting human social signals.The study revealed previo
83、usly undiscovered relations between specific personality characteristics and specific eye movement tendencies, according to a summary in Britains Daily Mail newspaper.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了一项人工智能计算机和机器人通过读人眼球的运动从而一窥人的个性的研究。1What do the underlined words “peer into” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?AUnderstand.BSt
84、are at.CSearch for.DConcern about.A解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“The eyes, they say, are the windows to the soul.”，并结合对第一段的整体理解可推知，此处peer into与第一段中的“read”相呼应，故选A。2How did the researchers conduct the research?AIt was carried out in a lab.B42 study subjects eye movements were recorded.CThe students daily movement
85、s were tracked.DIts subjects personalities were determined by computer.B解析：细节理解题。根据对第三段的整体理解可知，这项研究是通过追踪42个研究对象并记录他们的眼球运动来开展的，故选B。3According to Tobias Loetscher, what can we know?ARobots and computers are socially conscious.BPeople care less about improved, personalized services.CTodays robots and c
86、omputers can accustom to nonverbal information.DThe discovery will improve the interaction between human beings and machines.D解析：细节理解题。根据对倒数第三段的整体理解可知，这项研究发现有助于改善人类和机器的互动，故选D。4What can be a suitable title for the text?AHuman Personality TraitsBWhat Human Eye Movements AreCTell Personalities by Eye M
87、ovementsDHow Humans and Machines InteractC解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段开篇点题，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项人工智能计算机和机器人通过读人眼球的运动从而一窥人的个性的研究，故选C。B(2020洛阳、许昌质检)With smart technology increasingly influencing all aspects of our lives, it is only a matter of time before someone invents smart shoesones that can be made b
88、ased on personal needs. Called “ShiftWear”， the sneakers are the brainchild of a team of businessmen, and engineers led by New Yorkbased designer David Coelho.The adaptable shoes can be customized by using a smart phone app. Shoe owners will have the option of selecting a design from a variety of HD
89、 patterns by famous artists or creating one themselves. The companys founders imagine the marketplace where artists can not only share but also sell their designs to others. Despite being electronic, the designs are clearly visible even in the brightest sunlight. Whats even cooler is that by switchi
90、ng on backlight, users can even show their designs in the dark!According to Coelho, the sneakers will keep their charge forever if only images are displayed. Though they will need periodic recharging, active users have nothing to worry about. Thats because the shoes are equipped with special WalkNCh
91、arge technology that powers the shoeswith every step. Inactive users also have options of charging the sneakers without using wires.The bottom part of the shoes is covered with Kevlar fibers, a kind of strong material, reducing normal wear and tear. Even better, they are completely waterproof(防水的) a
92、nd can even be thrown into an ordinary laundry machine for a quick wash! The company predicts that the shoes will range in price from $150 to $1，000 depending on the size of the EPanels where the designs are displayed.This is not the first time that electronics and shoes have combined. Lithuaniabase
93、d iShuh Technologies has come up with a similar concept that connects ereader panels to a smart phone app via the Bluetooth. Whether these smart shoes become as popular as our smart devices remains to be seen, though they surely are attractive.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种智能运动鞋。5What can we know about the
94、smart shoes from the text?AThe electronic designs can not be seen clearly at night.BThe designers make sure every pair of sneakers is unique.CThe bottom part of the shoes can last longer due to special materials.DThe shoes have to be washed by hand to protect the electronics.C解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The b
95、ottom part of the shoes is covered with Kevlar fibers, a kind of strong material, reducing normal wear and tear.”可知，鞋子的底部附着凯芙拉合成纤维，这是一种增强材料，可以减少正常的磨损；据此可知，由于使用了特殊的材料，这种鞋子的鞋底耐磨，故C项正确。6What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?AHow the sneakers are charged.BHow the sneakers can work well.CWhat images th
96、e sneakers show.DWhat technology the sneakers carry.A解析：段落大意题。通读第三段可知，该段第一句“According to Coelho, the sneakers will keep their charge forever if only images are displayed.”为该段的主题句，并结合全段内容可知，该段主要介绍了这种鞋子是如何充电的：活跃的用户可以通过走路来充电，不活跃的用户也可以不用电线充电，故A项正确。7The varied prices of the sneakers mainly depend on _.At
97、he length of the shoesBthe size of their EPanelsCthe designers of the shoesDthe material of their bottomsB解析：细节理解题。根据第四段尾句“The company predicts that the shoes will range in price from $150 to $1，000 depending on the size of the EPanels where the designs are displayed.”可知，该公司预计，这款鞋的价格范围将是150美元到1 000美
98、元，这取决于展示这些设计的电子显示屏的尺寸，故B项正确。8How does the author feel about the sneakersfuture market?ANegative.BAnxious.CUncertain. DConfident.C解析：观点态度题。根据尾段最后一句“Whether these smart shoes become as popular as our smart devices remains to be seen, though they surely are attractive.”可知，尽管这些智能鞋子很有吸引力，但是它们是否会像我们的智能设备一
99、样流行还有待观察；据此可推知，作者对这种鞋子的未来并不确定，故C项正确。.完形填空(2020合肥高三调研)Growing up in the 1960s, I was taught from an early age to send a handwritten thankyou note expressing _1_ for kindness. My mother used to buy me a box of paper and _2_ me in the art and value of saying “thank you”. She _3_ to be right.A study sho
100、wed that it took less than 5 minutes to write the thankyou notes. Just 5 minutes to make _4_ person feel overjoyed! _5_， in our “instant” world, the idea of getting an actual pen and writing an actual note seems to never come to mind. We tend to do what is _6_ for usa quick text or an email.Its easy
101、 to use the _7_ of being busy, but even very busy and _8_ businessmen find time to _9_ thankyou notes. For example, when Douglas Conant became CEO of Campbells, the company had _10_ half of its market, and its value and morale(士气) was at an alltime low. He _11_ fixing that by doing some simple thing
102、s that are probably not _12_ in any MBA class. For one thing, Conant wrote to every _13_. He gained their confidence and _14_， turned the company _15_In his ten years as CEO, Conant wrote over 30，000 notes to employees. Its _16_ not to ask how he did it. _17_， he had many other things to do _18_ wri
103、ting a thankyou note. Conant made time for _19_ because he knew the impact(影响) each one would have. An expression of _20_ in this crazy world still makes a difference.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。小时候，妈妈教“我”用手写的感谢便条来表达对善良的感激，并教“我”表达感谢的艺术和价值；研究表明，不到五分钟就能用手写好的感谢便条会让他人感到快乐。1A.concernBsympathyCaffection Dappreciatio
104、nD解析：根据该句中的“a handwritten thankyou note expressing _ for kindness”可知，该处指用手写的感谢便条来表达对善良的感激(appreciation)，故D项正确。A项意为“担心，关心”；B项意为“同情”；C项意为“喜爱”。2A.consult BinstructCanswer DimpressB解析：根据该句“My mother used to buy me a box of paper.and value of saying thank you”可知，“我”的妈妈过去常常给“我”买一箱纸，并教授(instruct)“我”表达感谢的艺术
105、和价值，故B项正确。A项意为“咨询”；C项意为“回答”；D项意为“使留下深刻印象”。3A.remained BprovedCappeared DclaimedB解析：根据语境尤其是下文可推知，此处表示她证明(proved)(这样做)是正确的，故B项符合语境。A项意为“保持”；C项意为“显得”；D项意为“声称”。4A.one Bany Ceach DanotherD解析：根据空前一句可知，写感谢便条花费不到五分钟的时间；并结合该句和常识可推知，此处表示仅花费五分钟就可以让另一个(another)人非常高兴，故D项正确。5A.Yet BThereforeCSo DOtherwiseA解析：根据该句
106、中的“seems to never come to mind”并结合上文可知，尽管仅花费五分钟就能用手写好的感谢便条能让他人感到快乐，但是(Yet)，在我们这个“快捷的”世界里，人们似乎不愿意用这种方式来表达谢意；据此可推知，该处前后表示转折关系，故A项正确。6A.special BnecessaryCconvenient DimportantC解析：根据该句中的“a quick text or an email”可推知，该处表示我们趋向于使用对我们来说方便的(convenient)方式快速发送的短信或电子邮件，故C项正确。7A.case BexcuseCexample DsituationB
107、解析：根据语境以及该句中的“of being busy”并结合常识可知，人们很容易以忙为借口(excuse)，故B项正确。A项意为“事例”；C项意为“例子”；D项意为“情况”。8A.humorous BoptimisticCsuccessful DexperiencedC解析：根据语境可知，人们很容易以忙为借口，但即使是很忙碌和成功的(successful)商人也能找到时间写(pen)感谢便条。9A.pen BreceiveCdesign DdeliverA解析：参见上题解析。10A.lost BgainedCdeveloped DdamagedA解析：根据该句中的“morale(士气) wa
108、s at an alltime low”可知，士气空前低落；据此可推知，这家公司已经损失(lost)了一半的市值，故A项正确。11A.gave up Bkept upCset about Dworried aboutC解析：根据该句中的“He _ fixing that by doing some simple things”并结合语境可推知，他开始做(set about)一些简单的事情来解决这一问题，故C项正确。A项意为“放弃”；B项意为“跟上”；D项意为“担心”。12A.permitted BtaughtCchecked DtestedB解析：根据语境可推知，他所做的简单的事情很可能没有在
109、任何MBA课堂上被教(taught)过，故B项正确。A项意为“允许”；C项意为“检查”；D项意为“测试”。13A.market BbusinessmanCcompany DemployeeD解析：根据下文中的“gained their confidence”和“Conant wrote over 30，000 notes to employees”可推知，Conant给每个员工(employee)写了便条，得到了他们的信任，故D项正确。14A.personally BfranklyCnaturally DoccasionallyC解析：根据语境可知，Conant得到了员工们的信任，顺理成章地(
110、naturally)使公司好转(turned around)起来。15A.up BdownCaway DaroundD解析：参见上题解析。turn around意为“好转，扭转”，故D项正确。turn up意为“开大”；turn down意为“调低；拒绝”；turn away意为“把打发走”。16A.hard BgreatCamazing DdisappointingA解析：根据前一句可知，在担任CEO的十年间，Conant给他的员工们写了三万多张便条；结合语境和常识可知，这令人很难(hard)不去问他是如何做到的，故A项正确。17A.As usual BIn shortCBy the way
111、 DAfter allD解析：根据语境可知，此处表示毕竟(After all)，除了(besides)写感谢便条，他有许多其他事情要做。18A.by BinCbesides DwithoutC解析：参见上题解析。19A.me BitChim DthemB解析：根据语境可知，空处指代空前一句中的“writing a thankyou note”，故B项正确。20A.kindness BjoyCvalue DconfidenceA解析：根据本文第一句中的“expressing _ for kindness”并结合全文可推知，在这个疯狂的世界中，善良(kindness)的表达仍然会有作用，故A项正确
112、。课时练22篇阅读1篇七选五1篇语法填空.阅读理解A(2020平顶山名校模拟)At 9：30 am. on a Wednesday morning, I received a notification(通知) that Id already picked up my phone 30 times that day! “11 left until you go over your goal of 41 pickups，” my screen read. “Put your phone down until 9：52 am.! Enjoy your time living in the momen
113、t.”These updates were sent via Moment, an app that tracks the screen time, created by Kevin Holesh in 2014 to fight his own device addiction. He was working as an independent app developer, spending hours each day staring at screens. After work, Holesh found that he was looking mindlessly online ins
114、tead of talking to his wife or taking his dogs for a walk.“I wanted a way of seeing how much time I was sinking into my phone，” he said. “So I came up with something that could monitor my screen time.” Holesh found that he was spending 75 minutes on his phone a day. He added a function to the app th
115、at informed him whenever his screen time was more than 40 minutes. “My phone would make a sound like a bee, and Id go and do something else. It was like something pushing me in the right direction，” he said. Holesh figured that if the system worked for him, it would work for others, and later that y
116、ear he made Moment a free app. To date, it has been downloaded 8 million times.Besides, Moment also has a “coach” function, offering guided programs to help users focus and be more productive, for $7.99 a month.“I am so much happier, I sleep better, I read more, I take better care of myself, and mos
117、t of all I am present in my daytoday life，” Jack, a user said . Similar comments on Moment reflect a growing consciousness around “digital wellness”， the name given to lifestyle practices that encourage healthy device use.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一款名为“Moment”的手机软件，该软件可以对超时使用手机的人发出提醒，让人们合理使用设备。文章主要介绍了这款软件
118、的发明过程和功能以及用户对它的评价。1What does the inspiration of Moment come from?AThe creators own experience.BThe sound made by honey bees.CComplaints from family members.DThe widespread digital addiction.A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“These updates were sent via Moment , an app that tracks the screen time, created by Kevin H
119、olesh in 2014 to fight his own device addiction.”，并结合该段其他内容和第三段可知，该软件的发明源于Kevin Holesh自己的经历，故A项正确。2What does Moment do at the expected screen time?AMonitor the screen and keep a record.BMake a noise to remind the user.CTurn off the phone immediately.DForce the user to take a rest.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“H
120、e added a function to the app that informed him whenever his screen time was more than 40 minutes. My phone would make a sound like a bee, and Id go and do something else.”可知，如果超时使用手机，则这款软件会使手机发出声音来提醒使用者，故B项正确。3What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 4?APersuade readers to buy the app.BProvid
121、e readers with some advice.CRecommend a coach to the readers.DIntroduce more information of the app.D解析：写作意图题。根据第四段的内容可知，该软件还具有“教练”功能，提供一些指导方案，让用户注意力集中，更有效率，并结合上文介绍的该软件的超时使用手机的提醒功能可推知，在第四段作者旨在介绍该软件的更多信息，故D项正确。4In which part of a website will you find this text?AFashion and Business.BSports and Enter
122、tainment.CHealth and Lifestyle.DArt and Design.C解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一款名为“Moment”的手机软件，该软件可以对超时使用手机的人发出提醒，让人们合理使用设备，拥有更有益于健康的生活方式。据此可推知，本文最有可能摘自健康和生活方式版块，故C项正确。 B(2020信阳第一次质检)Are you a procrastinator(拖延者)? Its a common problem. And it can be harmful, as previous research has shown that people who
123、procrastinate have higher levels of stress and lower wellbeing, reported the Association for Psychological Science in the US. But a new study has found a way to deal with this problem: Be more connected to your future self.Psychologists think that each person believes that they are really two people
124、：“Present Me” and “Future Me”. “People act as if they prefer their current selves needs and desires to those of their future selves，” wrote psychologists Neil Lewis and Daphna Oyserman.Oyserman and Lewis decided to try to find a way to make “Present Me” imagine exactly how “Future Me” would feel the
125、 night before a big paper was due, though “Present Me” hadnt started yet. They made “Present Me” think about a faroff event a number of days away, not months or years.Thinking about events in this_way meant that something like a friends wedding seemed 16.3 days sooner when considered in days rather
126、than months and 11.4 months sooner when considered in months rather than years.The researchers also tried to find out whether people would take action sooner if they were told a certain event was happening in several days rather than years. For example, participants imagined they had a newborn child
127、, and that the child would need to go to college in either 18 years or 6，570 days. The researchers found those in the “days” condition planned to start saving four times sooner than those in the “years” condition.So if you think of your life in days instead of years, you may get things done quicker.
128、【解题导语】本文主要探究了一种应对拖延症的方法。5What did Oyserman and Lewis intend to do through their study?ATo work on a solution to test if someone is a procrastinator.BTo find out whether human beings usually have two different characters.CTo discover procrastinators are more likely to have a lower sense of wellbeing.
129、DTo prove its helpful to connect our current selves more with future selves.D解析：细节理解题。根据对第三段的整体理解可知，Oyserman和Lewis想要通过他们的研究去验证把“现在的我”和“将来的我”联系起来是否会对应对拖延症有一定的帮助，故选D。6The underlined part “this way” in Paragraph 4 refers to “_”Asetting up tough deadlinesBfollowing schedules strictlyCcounting in smaller
130、 units of timeDimagining how your future self will feelC解析：词义猜测题。承接第三段最后一句“They made Present Me think about a faroff event a number of days away, not months or years.”可推知，画线部分是指用更小的时间单位去计量，故选C。7What helps prevent people from procrastinating?AComparing their future selves with present selves.BConside
131、ring their current selves needs and desires.CThinking about faroff events in days rather than years.DMarking important events on a calendar as a reminder.C解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的内容以及最后一段“So if you think of your life in days instead of years, you may get things done quicker.”可推知，用天而不是用年去考虑将来所发生的事情会帮助拖延者不再拖延，
132、故选C。8What does the passage mainly talk about?AA way to get things done in time.BThe harmful effects of procrastination.CThe reason to overlook future needs and desires.DThe way to reduce stress and improve happiness.A解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“But a new study has found a way to deal with this problem: Be mo
133、re connected to your future self.”，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要探究了一种应对拖延症的方法，故选A。.七选五(2020合肥第一次质检)Apologizing the Right Way to a FriendWhy are apologies so difficult? Saying you are sorry can be the most difficult thing you do. But we all make mistakes, so youll probably have an occasion when you need to apo
134、logize. Perhaps you had blew up at someone and realized later you reacted poorly. 1._. Whatever the reason, apologizing can help you both heal and move on from the situation.2_. First, you acknowledge that you did something wrong. With an apology, you take responsibility for your actions, which allo
135、ws your friend to forgive you. Second, an apology gives your sincerity as a friend. 3._， but that doesnt mean we still shouldnt apologize.Now, what are elements of a proper apology? 4._， depending on what the offense was, where it was done, and who you are apologizing to. In general, a good apology
136、should include the followings: a request for their attention, an acknowledgment of what happened, sincerity in admitting you did something wrong and the words “Im sorry” or “I apologize”. Here are things never to say when apologizing. Note that the art of apologizing involves taking responsibility.
137、Never apologize as a way to “shut someone up” when they are saying you hurt their feelings and you dont think you did. 5._， you should talk things through with your friends until you see why they are hurt or how you came across. Youll really need to selfreflect so you can see things from your friend
138、s point of view.AWhen you make your apology in personBIf you really believe you did nothing wrongCApologies benefit friendships in a variety of waysDThe way you apologize is going to be slightly differentEOr maybe you just didnt show support when you needed toFApologizing the right way, however, may
139、 take a little practiceGSometimes our pals forgive us easily for the minor things we do wrong【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了向朋友道歉的正确方法。1E解析：根据空后的“Whatever the reason”可知，空处与空前一句讲的是向朋友道歉的原因，所以选项E与语境相符，且选项E中的“maybe”与空前一句中的“Perhaps”相呼应，故选E。2C解析：空处位于段落句首主题句的位置；通读该段可知，该段主要讲的是道歉对友谊的好处，故C项符合语境。3G解析：根据空后的“but that does
140、nt mean we still shouldnt apologize”可知，G项“有时我们的朋友轻易地就原谅了我们犯的小错误”符合语境。4D解析：根据空后的“depending on.who you are apologizing to”可知，D项“你道歉的方式要稍微不同”与之衔接自然，故选D项。5B解析：根据空后的“you should talk things through with your friends until you see why they are hurt or how you came across”可知，B项“如果你确实认为你没做错什么”与之联系紧密，故选B项。.语法
141、填空(2020滁州模拟)Lions, tigers and other animals are staying awake at night 1._(avoid) human beings, a new study finds.Scientists have known that human activities can lead to changes in nature. Many animals may move around less or travel to far places to keep away 2._ people. By being awake at night, ani
142、mals can also be on guard against possible enemies and spend less time 3._(look) for food.The latest research found even activities like farming and camping can 4._ (fright) animals and cause them to become more active at night. 5._ had been studied were lions in Tanzania, tigers in Nepal and monkey
143、s in Brazil. Researchers compared 6._(careful) how much time those animals were active at night in areas of human activities, such as hunting and farming. 7._ was human activities that caused an increase of about 20 percent in nighttime activities, even in creatures that usually sleep at night. Resu
144、lts 8._(publish) in the journal Science two months ago.The new findings are 9._(usual) because no one else has looked at it in such detail before. Ecologist Marlee Tucker was 10._(surprise) that any kind of human activities is enough for animals to see people as a threat.【解题导语】人类活动导致许多动物在夜间保持清醒以保持警惕
145、状态。1to avoid解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：一项新的研究发现，狮子、老虎以及其他的动物在夜间保持清醒旨在避开人类。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。2from解析：考查固定搭配。keep away from.“远离”，为固定搭配。3looking解析：考查固定用法。spend time doing sth.“花时间做某事”，为固定用法。4frighten解析：考查动词。句意：最新的研究表明，即使像务农和野营这样的活动也会惊吓到动物，进而导致它们夜间变得更加活跃。情态动词can后应接动词原形，故应用名词fright的动词形式frighten。5What解析：考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处
146、引导主语从句且在从句中作主语，故填What。6carefully解析：考查副词。修饰句中的谓语动词compared应使用副词。7It解析：考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知，去掉_ was和that之后，句子表意完整，故该句为强调句型“It was被强调部分that其他成分”。8were published解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，谓语动词publish和句子的主语Results之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语two months ago可知，描述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态。9unusual解析：考查形容词。句意：因为先前没人对此进行过如此详细的研究，所以这些新的发现显得不同寻常。10surprised解析：考查形容词。此处为过去分词作表语，表示主语Marlee Tucker的状态，故用形容词surprised。