1、难句剖析拓展1. It was predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.早在18世纪，就预测到英语有一天将会成为全球性语言，在最近几十里，这一点得到了证明。剖析 本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。拓展 为了避免头重脚轻，常常用it作形式主语，而把真正主语放在后面。常用的结构还有：1）it过去分词从句It is predicted t
2、hat. . . 据预测It is said that. . . 据说It is believed that. . . 大家相信It is reported that. . . 据报道2）it is形容词从句It is natural that. . . 很自然It is strange that. . . 奇怪的是2. Some respected theories on language acquisition believe that to attain a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign language, you nee
3、d to be surrounded by it.一些备受尊崇的语言习得理论认为，要想达到高水平的外语流利程度和准确性，你得置身于该语言的环境中。剖析 1）本句中that引导的是宾语从句。2）to attain a high level是不定式作目的状语。拓展 1）引导宾语从句的连接词有:连词that(在口语中that常可省略), if, whether；连接代词who, whom, whose, which；连接副词when, where, how, why。2)过去分词在句子中作定语，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句，单个的过去分词位于被修饰的名词前面，过去分词短语作定语，常位于被修饰的名词后
4、面。除了过去分词短语，作后置定语的短语还有现在分词短语、介词短语和形容词短语等。3. What this means is that they make sure there is an adequate amount of input in English conveyed to the students through various mediums.这就意味着，他们要确保通过多种方式给学生足够的英语输入量。剖析 这是一个主从复合句，What this means是主句, that引导的是表语从句。conveyed to the students through various mediu
5、ms是过去分词用作后置定语，修饰an adequate amount of input.拓展 conveyed to sb. 向某人传达、表达某事或某种表情。如：I want to convey to my students that reading is the most important in learning a foreign language. 我想告诉学生们，读是学习外语中最重要的。4. This can take the form of reading and listening materials which must be of the highest quality.足够
6、量的语言输入可以以高质量的阅读和听力材料的形式呈现。剖析 1）这是一个主从复合句，This can take the form of reading and listening materials是主句, which引导的是限制性定语从句。2）take the form / take a form of“以的形式出现、存在”。如：A typical training programme takes the form of a series of workshops. 一种典型的培训方案是以系列研讨的形式出现的。拓展 在定语从句中that, which, who, whose名词常作主语、表语、
7、宾语，whom只能作表语和宾语，where常作地点状语，when常作时间状语。5. You would probably think that the father was congratulating his son on doing something well.你可能会认为父亲在祝贺儿子某事做得好。剖析 这是一个主从复合句，You would probably think是主句, that引导的是宾语从句。 congratulate on意为“祝贺，向道贺”，介词on后常接动名词。拓展 动名词常作on, about, after, against, at, before, besides
8、, by, for, from, in, since, without等介词的宾语。如：He never complained about being sent to work far away.他从不抱怨被派到远方工作。Besides knowing English, he is fluent in German.他除了懂英语, 还能流利地说德语。6. It is a language without words that consists of gestures, facial expressions and body movements that greatly add to and s
9、ometimes even replace spoken language.这是一种没有词语，由手势、面部表情和身体动作组成的语言，它极大地丰富了有时甚至取代了口头语言。剖析 1）这是一个主从复合句，It is a language without words是主句, it指上文中的body language；that consists of gestures, facial expressions and body movements是定语从句, 修饰language。2）consist of 由组成，由构成。如：The delegation consisted of ten teacher
10、s and fifty students. 代表团由10名教师和50名学生组成。拓展 it作主语具有下面的意义：1）it指上文提到的人、物和事情。2）it表示时间、地点、天气、距离等。3）it用于构成强调结构。7. Body language can therefore make peoples feelings more transparent as although we can lie with words, it is not as easy to do so with our bodies.因此，身体语言能够使人们的感情表露得更清晰，因为尽管我们能够用语言撒谎，但是，用身体语言来撒谎
11、不那么容易。剖析 这是一个主从复合句， Body language can therefore make peoples feelings more transparent是主句，as引导的是原因状语从句。拓展 because, since, as和for的区别：1） because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题，是句子中的重要部分，常放在句末。2）当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。3）for是并列连词，表示对多种情况加以推断。8. Learning to be aware of your body language can be a very
12、useful tool.学会意识到你的身体语言可以是一种非常有用的工具。剖析 本句中learning to be aware of your body language是主语。9. Regardless of these differences, experts agree that across the globe there is one form of body language that receives universal approvalthe smile.尽管存在着这些不同，世界各地的专家们却一致认为有一种身体语言得到普遍的认同，那就是微笑。剖析 这是一个主从复合句，Regardless of these differences是让步状语；that across the globe there is one form of body language是宾语从句；that receives universal approvalthe smile是定语从句，修饰body language。