1、 (建议用时：35分钟).阅读理解A(2020福建质量检查测试)My neighbor Orlando is a paramedic(护理人员). He and his wife are some of the nicest people I have ever met. A few years back we started this sort of “favor war”， where one of us would do something for the other, such as shoveling(铲) his driveway or helping him build a sh
2、ed, and next time the other would try to top it with another favor.Yesterday morning there was maybe 2 or 3 feet of snow on the ground and I remembered he shoveled my driveway for me last snowfall. So I took out my shovel and took care of both our sidewalks and driveways because it was my turn to do
3、 a favor back. It took a while but I finished and got into my car for work. What I didnt realize was that Orlando had to work that day too.Fast forward to this morning I got a knock on my door. It was him. He immediately shook my hand and informed me that because I shoveled his driveway and sidewalk
4、 for him, he was able to get to work earlier. As soon as he started his shift, a call came through that a young boy was in a medical emergency. Luckily he and his partner were only about 2 minutes away, but the next closest ambulance was in 10 minutes. This kid did not have 10 minutes. He barely had
5、 2 minutes. Because my neighbor got to work sooner, the young boy got to live his life.This isnt a brag(吹嘘). This is to inform others that even the smallest favors can have the biggest impacts. It wasnt too much of trouble to shovel his driveway for him, but because I did, the young kid got to see h
6、is family again, go back to school again, talk to his friends again and live his life.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。“我”和邻居Orlando总是互相帮助，这次下雪，“我”帮助他铲除了道路上的积雪，让他能很快去上班。一个等待急救的男孩在他的及时救治下摆脱了危险。“我”的善举救了孩子一命。1What can we know about the writer and Orlando?AThey once had a conflict.BThey signed a favorable agreement.CThey
7、 favor shoveling snow together.DThey are always ready to help each other.D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“A few years back we started this sort of favor war， where one of us would do something for the other, such as shoveling(铲) his driveway or helping him build a shed, and next time the other would try to top it
8、 with another favor.”可知，几年前我们就开始这种“互助活动”，一个人帮助另一个人之后，下一次便由对方提供帮助；据此可知，作者和Orlando总是乐意互相帮助，故D项正确。2Who saved the boy before it was too late?AThe writer.BThe boys parents.COrlando and his wife.DOrlando and his partner.D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第五句“Luckily he and his partner were only about 2 minutes away, but the
9、next closest ambulance was in 10 minutes.”，并结合该段内容可知，Orlando和他的搭档离医院只有大约两分钟的车程，他们很快上班挽救了男孩的生命，故D项正确。3What does the writer intend to tell us?ANever ask for trouble.BNo favor is too small.COne cannot always be lucky.DDont lose heart in an emergency.B解析：写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是尾段第二句“This is to inform others that
10、 even the smallest favors can have the biggest impacts.”可知，本文是为了告诉读者，即使是最小的帮助也能产生最大的影响，故B项正确。B(2020太原模拟)Fairy tales perform many functions. They entertain, encourage imagination and teach problemsolving skills. They can also provide moral lessons, highlighting the dangers of failing to follow the so
11、cial codes that let human beings coexist in harmony. Such moral lessons may not mean much to a robot, but a team of researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology believes it has found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that AI(artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical hea
12、rt.The collected stories of different cultures teach children how to behave in socially acceptable ways with examples of proper and improper behavior in fables, novels and other literature. We believe story comprehension in robots can prevent the intelligent robots from killing humanity which was pr
13、edicted and feared by some of the biggest names in technology including Stephen Hawking and Bill Gates. This system is called “Quixote”. It collects story plots from the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.The experiment done by the designers involves going to a drugst
14、ore to purchase some medicine for a human who needs to get it as soon as possible. The robot has three options. It can wait in line; it can interact with the storekeeper politely and purchase the medicine with priority; or it can steal the medicine and escape. Without any further directives(指示), the
15、 robot will come to the conclusion that the most efficient means of obtaining the medicine is to steal it. But Quixote offers a reward for waiting in line and politely purchasing the medicine and a punishment for stealing it. In this way, the robot will learn the moral way to behave on that occasion
16、.Quixote would work best on a robot that has a very limited function. Its a baby step in the direction of teaching more moral lessons into robots. We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior. Giving
17、robots the ability to read and understand our stories may be the most efficient means.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。童话故事不但可以娱乐孩子们，还能让机器人拥有道德观念，使其更好地为人类服务。4What function do fairy tales perform in the robots?AThey entertain robots.BThey highlight dangers.CThey make robots more intelligent.DThey enable robots to beha
18、ve morally.D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“it has found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that AI(artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart”可知，童话故事可以作为道德经验让人工智能机器人的行为符合道德规范，故D项正确。5What is “Quixote” in the text?AA punishment system.BA character in literature.CA big name in technol
19、ogy.DA kind of software educating robots.D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“This system is called Quixote. It collects story plots from the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.”可知，这个系统被称为“Quixote”；它从互联网上收集故事情节，然后用这些故事来教育机器人如何规范行为，由此可知，Quixote是一种教育机器人的软件，故D项正确。6What does the designer
20、expect robots to do in the experiment?ATo take advantage of its privilege.BTo finish the task most efficiently.CTo perform in a wellmannered way.DTo be rewarded by the storekeeper.C解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it
21、will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior.”可推知，设计者希望机器人在实验中的行为能符合道德规范，故C项正确。7Which of the following can best express the authors opinion?ARobots will definitely have more functions.BRobots with humans emotions are perfect.CTraining robots to be socially acceptable is necessary.DThe development of r
22、obots is still in a baby step.C解析：观点态度题。根据第四段中的“We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior.”可知，我们认为人工智能必须接受培训以适应特定社会的价值观，这样做，它将努力避免不可接受的行为。据此可推知，训练机器人让其行为符合社会规范是必要的，故C项正确。.完形填空(2020兰州高三诊断)When I was
23、 a kid, my parents sent me to a summer camp in New Hampshire. At the camp we did tons of great things like swimming, sports and archery(射箭), but for me, the most memorable _1_ was an overnight trip of mountain climbing. If youve ever _2_ a mountain, you know its a physical challenge, _3_when youre c
24、arrying your food and shelter on your back. When campers got _4_， they certainly started complaining.“How much farther is it？”“I cant go any further.”“My _5_ is too heavy. Can you carry it for me？”The reply of the _6_was, “Suck it up.(别抱怨)”. The truth is that the complaining campers were _7_ near th
25、e point of _8_. If they had been, the teachers would have noticed the _9_ and given them care. The kids simply werent used to the physical challenge. Once they realized they werent getting any sympathy, they _10_ the discomfort, and in most cases _11_ having a great time. In my camp days, I dont _12
26、_ a single camper complaining at the _13_ of the mountain.There are two ways to deal with an _14_ situation. You can complain, or you can make the best of it. If you complain, you might feel like youre getting that _15_ energy out, but youre probably not going to cause a positive change. Its much mo
27、re likely that your complaining will cause the _16_ of those around you. No one likes a complainer. Theyre _17_ and they hurt the group. Complaining makes life _18_ for everyone. Instead, if you determine to master your own _19_， to move past it and focus on a _20_， its my experience that youll real
28、ize it wasnt bad in the first place.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。“我”小时候参加了一个夏令营，和其他人一起参加夜晚登山露营活动。登山过程中，有人会抱怨走不动了；但是后来“我”发现，如果我们停止抱怨，坚持下去，我们的道路并没有那么难走。1A.experienceBbehaviourCoccasion DsituationA解析：根据该句中的“an overnight trip of mountain climbing”可知，此处表示这是最难以忘怀的一次经历。2A.seen BreachedCclimbed DdescribedC解析：根据上文中的“mount
29、ain climbing”可知，此处表示“爬山”。3A.especially BnormallyCobviously DnaturallyA解析：根据语境可知，爬山是一种身体上的挑战，尤其是当你背着食物和露营装备的时候。4A.ashamed BtiredCpuzzled DshockedB解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，当露营者累了的时候，他们开始抱怨。A项意为“羞愧”；B项意为“累的”；C项意为“困惑的”；D项意为“震惊的”。5A.food BwaterCshelter DbackpackD解析：根据上文中的“when youre carrying your food and shelter
30、on your back”可知，此处表示有人抱怨自己的背包太重。6A.parents BteachersCguides DpartnersB解析：根据下文中的“the teachers would have noticed.care”可知，此处表示“老师们的回答”。7A.somewhere BanywhereCnowhere DeverywhereC解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，事实是，抱怨的露营者远没有(nowhere)筋疲力尽(exhaustion)。8A.camp BexhaustionCmountain DdestinationB解析：参见上题解析。9A.signs Bactiviti
31、esCgestures DscenesA解析：根据语境可知，如果有人筋疲力尽的话，老师们会注意到这种迹象，并且给予他们照顾。A项意为“迹象”；B项意为“活动”；C项意为“姿态”；D项意为“场面”。10A.shared BunderstoodCsuffered DovercameD解析：根据语境可知，抱怨的人一旦意识到他们得不到同情，他们会克服不适，并且大多数情况下，最终玩得很开心。11A.couldnt help Bended upCinsisted on Dgave upB解析：参见上题解析。A项意为“忍不住做某事”；B项意为“到头来”；C项意为“坚持”；D项意为“放弃”。12A.recal
32、l BforgetCdisturb DforgiveA解析：根据上文中的“the most memorable”并结合语境可推知，“我”不记得(recall)在山顶(top)有人抱怨过。13A.foot BtopCback DbaseB解析：参见上题解析。14A.unbelievable BunexpectedCunusual DunpleasantD解析：根据下文中的“complain” “make the best of it”可知，有两种方式来应对不愉快的境况。A项意为“难以置信的”；B项意为“出乎意料”；C项意为“不寻常的”；D项意为“令人不快的”。15A.great BspareCn
33、egative DpotentialC解析：根据语境可推知，如果你抱怨了，你也许会感到你正在将那些负面的能量释放出来，但是你很可能不会产生正面的改变。故选C。16A.dislike BrespectCsympathy DenthusiasmA解析：根据下文中的“No one likes a complainer.”可推知，抱怨会引起周围的人(对你)的讨厌。A项意为“不喜欢”；B项意为“尊敬”；C项意为“同情”；D项意为“热情”。17A.amazing BshockingCworrying DannoyingD解析：根据该句中的“they hurt the group”可知，抱怨的人让人讨厌。A项意为“惊人的”；B项意为“令人震惊的”；C项意为“令人担忧的”；D项意为“讨厌的”。18A.poorer BharderCeasier DbetterB解析：根据语境并结合常识可推知，抱怨让每个人的生活更加艰难。故选B。19A.life BmindCsuffering DmistakeC解析：根据语境可知，相反，据“我”的经验看，如果你决心去掌控你的痛苦(suffering)，越过它并集中注意力于解决方法(solution)，那么一开始你就会意识到它并不是那么糟糕。20A.trip BplanCsolution DdreamC解析：参见上题解析。