1、2021届高考英语人与社会类阅读精讲（四）万圣节的由来和影响Theres nothing particularly difference about the way Canadians celebrate Halloween, yet perhaps at least in my neighborhood, it seems to be more about togetherness than any great passion to wear a witchs hat or string some nets around the bush. Folklorists trace Hallowe
2、en back to the Celtic festival of Samhain. Nicholas Rogers, in his book Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night, says the feast marked the midpoint between the autumn equinox（秋分） and the fall of winter, a time of stock-taking and preparations.Halloween came to North America with Irish and Scotti
3、sh migration in the 19th century and underwent many repeats. “Halloweens ability to provide a public space for social development held it in good position at a time when other potentially wild holidays were becoming more institutionalized and domesticated （驯服的），argues Mr. Rogers. It changed from a f
4、amily affair to a party united by adults.In popular culture, Halloween is viewed as an American secular holiday. According to digital coupon company RetailMeNot, 73% of Americans plan to celebrate it this year, and ifs a phenomenon in Canada too. Its become bigger and more celebrated than it ever ha
5、s， says Chris Ainsworth, who founded the Canadian Haunters Association, a group of hardcore Halloween enthusiasts who turn their homes into detailed haunted houses each year. In 2018, the Retail Council of Canada made news saying Canadians were now outspending Americans on Halloween, to the total of
6、 $ 1 billion annually. The estimate has remained stable, says Diane Brisebois, the council president. Thats not because enthusiasm has declined but because prices have been driven down.Some here are unsatisfied with the commercial in the festivities. But in some ways the holiday has also returned to
7、 its roots as a community-centered activity. And perhaps thats why everyone gets so excited about Halloween in Toronto, a metropolis that is known as a “city of villages”.1 .What do the Canadians seem to like about Halloween?A. It enriches peoples life.B. It makes people excited.C. It provides peopl
8、e get-together.D. It marks the fall of the Autumn.2.Why does the Halloween keep a steady position according to Paragraph 2?A. It goes through reformation.B. It can give a space for social development.C. It provides people with different ideas about holidays.D. It can change other holidays into more
9、reasonable ones.3.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that .A. the Halloween always make people excitedB. people in Toronto like to celebrate HalloweenC. the Halloween is gradually returning its traditionD. people arent content with commercial activities in Halloween4.From which is the text p
10、robably taken?A. A biology textbook.B. A health report.C. A research paper.D. A culture magazine.文章语言点学习重点词汇和短语词汇和短语释义讲解trace back to追溯到【相关短语】date back to.追溯到date from.始于feastn.盛会；宴会feast作动词,表示“参加宴会;赴宴”【常见表达】a wedding feast 婚宴a feast for the ears 视觉盛宴markV.纪念;庆贺 标志;意味着mark作名词,表示“记号,符号,标志”【常用搭配】mark
11、sth. with sth.用给做标记mark sb. down as将某人看作;认定某人为stock-taking库存盘点migration迁移，移居衍生词migrate n.迁移，移居 migrant n.移居者 immigrate v.（从夕卜地）移居 immigrant n.（外来）移民者undergo经历,经验；遭受potentiallyadv.潜在地；可能地【衍生词】potential adj.潜在的，有可能的 potential n.潜力，潜能 potential customers 潜在的客户institutionalizedadj.约定俗成的;成惯例的view as把看作；
12、认为是【相关短语】in view of sth.鉴于；考虑到；由于 a birds-eye view （ of sth.）鸟瞰;俯视 come into view进入视野secular世俗的;现世的;非宗教的phenomenonn.现象，事件复数形式为phenomenaenthusiastn.热情者，热心者enthusiasm n.热情enthusiastic adj.热心的;热情的be enthusiastic about sb. /sth.对热情an enthusiastic welcome 热烈欢迎haunted（被认为）闹鬼的， 有鬼魂出没的haunt v.时常萦绕心头，使困窘outs
13、pend花费超过范围out-前缀，构成动词，表示“超越，超过”outnumber在数量上压倒outgrow长得比快outlive活得比长stableadj.稳定的；沉稳的【常见表达】a stable relationship 稳定的关系 stable prices稳定的价格decline（太阳）落下；（在品格、价值上）降低； 衰落，谢绝decline作名词，表示“下降;减少;衰退;衰落” in decline/ on the decline 下降语法和长难句1 .Nicholas Rogers, in his book Halloween: From Pagan Ritual Io Party
14、 Night, says the feast marked 主语状语 谓语 宾语从句主语 谓语the midpoint between the autumn equinox（秋分）and the fall of winter, a time of stock-taking and preparations.宾语定语同位语（第一段第三句）【功能注释】这是一个主从复合句。says后接宾语从句。【译文Nicholas Rogers,在他的Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night书中说道,这场盛宴意味着秋分过半,储备的日子冬天,即将来临。2.“Hallow
15、eens ability to provide a public space for social development held it in good position主语定语谓语 宾语 宾补at a time when other potentially wild holidays were becoming more institutionalized时间状语 定语从句引导词 主语 系动词 表语and domesticated（驯服的），” argues Mr. Rogers.（第二段第二句）【功能注释】这是一个主从复合句。when引导定语从句，修饰先行词time。【译文】Rogers
16、先生争论道:“在其他潜力十足的节日变得更习俗化和本土化情况下，万圣节为社会发展提供公共空间的能力使它一直处于有利地位。”2. And perhaps thats why everyone gets so excited about Halloween in Toronto, a metropolis 主系 表语从句 同位语 that is known as a “city of villages”.（最后一段最后一句）定语从句引导词 系动词 表语【功能注释】这是一个主从复合句。why引导表语从句;that引导定语从句。【译文】也许这就是每个人都对多伦多的万圣节如此感兴趣的原因,多伦多.个被称为
17、“乡村之城”的大都市词汇巩固练习一、根据英文提示，填写单词正确形式训练词汇正确运用及词性转换能力1 Chinas 70th birthday (mark) with a grand ceremony at the Tiananmen Square.2 Swallows begin their ( migrate) south in autumn.3 Clearly this is a (potential) dangerous situation.4 The law should (view) as a way of meeting certain social goals.5 Bob Dol
18、e seemed less than ( enthusiasm) about the proposed move.二、根据汉语提示，完成句子训练词汇、短语在语境中的写作应用6. Its said that these tomatoes (追溯到)the southern Ukraine during the early 19th century.7 . This new series promises a (盛宴)of special effects and set designs.8. The memory of that day still (萦绕着)me.9. The injured m
19、an was in a (稳定的)condition.10. An increase in cars has resulted in the (下降)of public transport.答案速查：1-4 CBCD词汇巩固练习1. was marked2. migration3. potentially4. be viewed5. enthusiastic6. traced/date back to7. feast8. haunts9. stable10. decline【背景知识】万圣节前夜源自古代凯尔特民族（Celtic）的新年节庆，又名万圣夜。其英语名称中的“Hallow”源于中古英语
20、的 “halween”，与“holy”词源很接近，意思是在纪念所有圣人（All Hallows）的那一天要举行的弥撒（Mass）。欧洲传统上认 为万圣节前夜是灵异世界最接近人间的时间。现在，万圣夜已经变成一年中最流行和最受欢迎的节日之一，许多人都 以极大的热情来庆祝这一节日。万圣夜在11月1日的前一夜，其实是赞美秋天的节目。【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了万圣节的由来、影响以及加拿大人庆祝万圣节的情况。【语篇结构】结构划分具体信息第一段万圣节的历史。第二段万圣节的影响。第三段一第四段加拿大人庆祝万圣节的情况。【试题解析】题目答案详解1C细节理解题。定位句. . yet perhap
21、s at least in my neighborhood, it seems to be more about togetherness than any great passion to wear a witchs hat or string some nets around the bush.（第一段第一句）翻译大意然而，至少在我的社区里，万圣节更是一种聚会,而不是热衷于戴女巫帽子或在灌木 丛里扎一些网。解析根据定位句可知，加拿大人更喜欢在万圣节与家人或者朋友聚会。A选项意为“它丰富了人们 的生活。” ;B选项意为“它使人们兴奋起来。” ;C选项意为“它给人们提供相聚的机会。”；D选项意
22、为 “它标志着秋天的到来。”。故选C。2B细节理解题。定位句Halloweens ability to provide a public space for social development held it in good position.（第 二段第二句）翻译大意万圣节为社会发展提供公共空间的能力使它一直处于有利地位解析根据定位句可知，万圣节为社会发展提供公共空间是其一直处于优势地位的原因。A选项意 为“它经历了改革。” ;B选项意为“它为社会发展提供空间。”；C选项意为“它让人们对假期有了不同 的认识。” ;D选项意为“它把其他节日变得更加合理。”。故选Bo3C推理判断题。定位句Bu
23、t in some ways the holiday has also returned to its roots as a community-centered activity.（最后 一段第二句）翻译大意但在某种程度上,这个节日也开始作为一个以社区为中心的活动回归传统习俗。解析根据定位句可推知，万圣节正在逐渐恢复它的传统。A选项意为“万圣节总是让人兴奋”；B选 项意为“多伦多人喜欢庆祝万圣节” ;C选项意为“万圣节正逐渐恢复它的传统”；D选项意为“人们对 万圣节期间的商业活动并不满意”。故选C。4D文章出处题。解析通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了万圣节的相关情况，所以这篇文章应出自文化杂志。A选项意 为“生物教科书” ；B选项意为“健康报告” ；C选项意为“学术论文” ；D选项意为“文化杂志” 故选D。
