1、核心素养测评 三十三选修7 Unit 3Under the sea(限时35分钟). 阅读理解AA full moon is appearingand it will have a big impact on animals, especially those in the ocean. Recent studies show that many types of animals have biological clocks finely tuned to the cycles of the moon, which drives interesting and sometimes strang
2、e patterns of behavior. Besides discovering hidden aspects of animal life, the research also has intention of better understanding the circadian clocks(生物钟) present in all animals, including humans. The first circadian clocks evolved in the oceans, so studying them in ocean animals can tell us a lot
3、 about how they evolved and how they work and interact with each other, explains Kim Last, a researcher at the Scottish Association for Marine Science. Oysters(牡蛎), which open their shells to eat and spawn, also have a lunar rhythm, a new study shows. In a recent experiment, French researchers caref
4、ully monitored how widely a dozen oysters opened their shells during a 3. 5-month period. The team used a high-tech device that quantified the valve opening every two seconds, as described in a paper published in the journal Biology Letters. They found that two types of oysters in Arcachon Bay in so
5、uthwestern France were significantly more open during new moons and more closed when the moon was full. In addition, the oysters could tell the difference between the first quarter moon and the third quarter moon, and were significantly more open (by nearly 20 percent) at the latter. Its unknown why
6、 the oysters do this, though it could be due to more algae(海藻) or other food being available during the new moon and as the year progresses, says study leader Damien Tran, a researcher at the University of Bordeaux. The lunar cycle could influence food availability by its impact on the tides and thu
7、s the oceans currents. When the moon is full or new, it is directly in line with Earth and the sun, forcing a strong pull on the ocean and thus causing more noticeable tides, explains David Wilcockson, a ocean biologist at Aberystwyth University in Wales who wasnt part of the study. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文
8、章主要讲了月亮会对动物, 尤其是海洋动物产生巨大的影响。1. Where did the earliest life forms probably evolve?A. In the tides. B. In the oysters. C. In the moon. D. In the ocean. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段可知, 苏格兰海洋科学协会的研究员金拉斯特解释说, 最早的生物钟是在海洋中进化而来的, 所以在海洋动物身上研究生物钟可以告诉我们很多关于它们是如何进化的, 以及它们是如何工作和相互作用的。由此可知, 最早的生命形式可能是在海洋里进化而来的, 故选D。2. Base
9、d on the observations, what is the likely order of when the oysters are most open and most closed?The new moon; The full moon;The first quarter;The third quarterA. -B. -C. -D. -【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据倒数第三段可知, 在法国西南部的阿卡雄湾, 两种牡蛎在新月期间明显更开放, 而在满月时则更封闭。此外, 牡蛎可以分辨出四分之一月和四分之三月, 而在四分之三月时, 牡蛎明显更开放(近20%)。由此可知, 根据观察,
10、牡蛎最开放和最封闭的可能顺序是: 新月四分之三月四分之一月满月, 故选C。3. What is it that leads to the huge tides?A. A strong pull. B. A straight line. C. The lunar cycle. D. The oceans current. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段When the moon is full or new, it is directly in line with Earth and the sun, forcing a strong pull on the ocean and thus
11、 causing more noticeable tides. (当月亮是满月或新月时, 它直接与地球和太阳在一条直线上, 迫使海洋产生强大的拉力, 从而引起更明显的潮汐。)由此可知, 强大的拉力导致了巨大的潮汐, 故选A。4. Why are oysters mentioned as an example?A. To explain why they open their shells. B. To further stress the moons impact on animals. C. To show the difficulty of science experiments. D.
12、To introduce how the high-tech device is used in experiments. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段A full moon is appearingand it will have a big impact on animals, especially those in the ocean. (满月正在出现, 它将对动物, 尤其是海洋动物产生巨大的影响。)由此推断出, 作者以牡蛎为例, 是为了进一步强调月亮对动物的影响, 故选B。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. impactn. 效果, 影响2. patternn. 模式, 图样, 样品3.
13、 intentionn. 目的, 意图4. monitorn. 班长, 监视器v. 监控, 监听5. devicen. 装置6. availableadj. 可获得的;可找到的;有空的7. currentn. 洋流, 电流adj. 目前的8. noticeableadj. 显著的, 明显的 BNasr Majid started hunting this fall at Blackwater National Wildlife RefUge (保护区) on the Eastern Shore of Maryland in USA. Hes one of the relatively few
14、new hunters who officials hope will help stop a nearly four-decade decline nationally in what has become a hobby for fewer than 5 percent of Americans. Natural resources and wildlife officials in Maryland are encouraging hunting of deer, turkeys and some other wild animals, which is believed to be g
15、ood for the environment. Without hunting, they say, sika deer will overpopulate and theyll overeat the bushes and other plants that provide important habitat for birds. On the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay, hunting is also important to prevent the spread of diseases such as Lyme. In many famil
16、ies, the hunting tradition has been handed down for generations. But as long time sportsmen age and children lose interest, the number of hunters in the United States fell by 2 million, from 2011 to 2018, to about 11 million. “Everything is changing. Kids are growing up in front of video games and c
17、omputers instead of going hunting. ” said Chris Markin, a hunting specialist for the state natural resources department. “Adults usually focus on working and providing for their families. Those pressures are preventing many other potential hunters from going out, and from raising the next generation
18、 of hunters. ”To avoid such a decline, a new approach is needed. Government agencies and nonprofit groups are now launching mentoring (指导) programs to train more hunters, which not only helps preserve an industry and a culture but also means more protection for wildlife and their habitats through de
19、er population control. Luckily, there are those still eager to learn, like Majid. He was just looking for an outdoor hobby he could share with his children when he came across the mentorship program. Now, he feels capable of hunting on his own, but also has someone he can text with questions that po
20、p up. His new pastime has already paid off for him on his second hunt with his mentor, in the last minutes of daylight, he bagged his first deer. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了Nasr Majid在美国马里兰州东海岸的黑水国家野生动物保护区狩猎。他是为数不多的几个新猎人之一, 官员们希望他们能帮助阻止近四十年来全国范围内的狩猎活动下降。5. What can be inferred from Chris Markins words?A. Th
21、e hunting tradition is facing challenges. B. No one is interested in hunting any more. C. Parents fail to spend enough time with kids. D. Hunting adds to many adults life pressures. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Everything is changing. Kids are growing up in front of video games and computers instead of goin
22、g hunting. ”及“Adults usually focus on working and providing for their families. Those pressures are preventing many other potential hunters from going out, and from raising the next generation of hunters. ”可知, 孩子们玩电脑游戏长大而不是去狩猎, 成人忙于工作和养家糊口, 这些压力阻碍了潜在的猎人外出, 也阻碍了下一代猎人的成长, 由此可知, Chris Markin的话表明狩猎传统正面临
23、挑战, 故A项正确。6. In this passage, Nasr Majid is considered as a symbol of _. A. hopeB. braveryC. enthusiasmD. devotion【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知, 今年秋天, Nasr Majid开始在美国马里兰州东海岸的黑水国家野生动物保护区狩猎。他是为数不多的几个新猎人之一, 官员们希望他们能帮助阻止近四十年来全国范围内的狩猎活动下降。由此可知, Nasr Majid被认为是希望的象征, 故A项正确。7. What do the underlined words “new pas
24、time” refer to?A. Raising questions. B. Learning to hunt. C. Looking for hunters. D. Sharing a new hobby. 【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Luckily, there are those still eager to learn, like Majid. He was just looking for an outdoor hobby he could share with his children. . . ”可知, 幸运的是, 也有一些人渴望学习狩猎, 比如Majid, 他把
25、狩猎当作是一种可以与孩子们分享的户外爱好。他的这个新消遣已经有了回报在第二次狩猎的最后几分钟, 他捕获了第一只鹿, 由此可知画线词指的是“学习狩猎”, 故B项正确。8. What is the best title for the text?A. Teach Hunters New SkillsB. Preserve a Great TraditionC. Reduce the Pressure of LifeD. Make Hunting More Popular【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通读全文, 特别是根据第一段内容可知, 本文主要介绍了Nasr Majid在美国马里兰州东海岸的黑水国家
26、野生动物保护区狩猎。他是为数不多的几个新猎人之一, 官员们希望他们能帮助阻止近四十年来全国范围内的狩猎活动下降, 由此可知D项(让狩猎更加流行)最适合作文章标题。【知识拓展】长难句分析1. Hes one of the relatively few new hunters who officials hope will help stop a nearly four-decade decline nationally in what has become a hobby for fewer than 5 percent of Americans. 分析: who引导定语从句, 修饰先行词hun
27、ters;what引导宾语从句。翻译: 他是为数不多的几个新猎人之一。(打猎)已经成为不到百分之五的美国人的业余爱好。官员们希望(像他这样的)新猎人们能帮忙阻止近四十年来全国范围内的狩猎活动下降。2. He was just looking for an outdoor hobby he could share with his children when he came across the mentorship program. 分析: he could share with his children 是定语从句, 修饰先行词hobby, 关系代词省略;when引导时间状语从句。翻译: 他
28、正在寻找一种能和孩子共享的户外爱好, 这时他遇到了这个指导项目。. 阅读填句Stress is a major problem in the modern world. 1 It is common among office workers. Managing it is necessary for people in order to create a work-life balance. So, how can you go about removing stress through the ancient art of gardening?Surround yourself with n
29、ature. Trees, birds and scent of the outdoors are great ways to help relax. 2 So, in order to remove stress through gardening, you need to grow lots of plants. Make it comfortable. 3 After all, whats the point of making it beautiful if you cant sit or watch your flowers grow afterwards? A good-quali
30、ty set of garden furniture is the only way to make sure your garden is as comfortable as possible in order to remove your stress. 4To really appreciate garden space for what it is, you need to leave all of the stresses of modern life behind, which means keeping your phone indoors. Yes, it may be har
31、d at first. But, after a while, it will begin to feel normal and even good. Sometimes not knowing what is happening in the outside world is the only way to enjoy the tranquility(宁静) of your garden. Invite family and friends. Do you want to get the best way to truly remove stress through your gardeni
32、ng efforts? Share it with your family and friends. A good barbecue as we move into the warmer months is the best port of call. 5 After a while, your garden space should become a relaxation and stress-free zone. A. Avoid using technology. B. In particular, it can be a killer if left untreated. C. To
33、attract wildlife, set feeding tables in your garden. D. The peacefulness of nature acts as a natural way to reduce stress. E. Just make sure you dont invite anyone likely to cause an argument. F. It gives you good food, good company and a good chance to remove stress. G. Furniture is necessary for y
34、ou to make the most of your comfortable garden. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。现代生活中压力成为了一个大问题。人们处理好压力才能保持工作与生活的平衡。本文给大家提出了一些如何通过园艺缓解压力的办法: 种植绿色植物、添加舒适的家具、远离科技以及邀请家人朋友共享花园。1. 【解析】选B。前一句中提到了话题“stress”, 选项B中的it可与其呼应, 并且后句中的it与空格处it指代一致, 体现了句子间的连贯性。“In particular(尤其, 特别)”是对上一句的进一步解释说明, 选项B中的“a killer”是上句中的“problem”更具体
35、的表现。语义上一致。故选B。2. 【解析】选D。本段首句是本段中心句, 意为“让大自然环绕着你”。选项D中的“nature”与本段首句中的“nature”前后呼应, 且与上句中的“Trees, birds and scent of the outdoors”呼应。选项D中的“to reduce stress”与下句中的“in order to remove stress”意思相同。故选D。3. 【解析】选G。本段首句是本段中心句, 意为“让它舒服一些”。选项G中的“your comfortable garden”与本段中心一致。且选项G中的“Furniture is necessary”与本段
36、最后一句中的“A good-quality set of garden furniture”前后呼应。故选G。4. 【解析】选A。文章第二至五段段首句都是小标题形式, 且为祈使句, 根据句式一致原则将答案预选为A。再由段内的“keeping your phone indoors”可与选项A“Avoid using technology. ”内容呼应, 确定答案。故选A。5. 【解析】选F。空格前一句话题是“A good barbecue”, 选项F中的it可与其呼应。同时选项F中的“a good chance to remove stress”与后句中的“a relaxation and st
37、ress-free zone”呼应。故选F。. 应用文写作假定你是学生会主席李华, 学生会举办了英语戏剧节(English Drama Festival), 得到了外教Miss Brown的大力帮助。活动圆满结束后, 请给她写一封感谢信。内容包括: 1. 表达感谢;2. 外教的帮助;3. 同学的收获。注意: 1. 词数80左右; 2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。_【参考范文】Dear Miss Brown, Im writing to express my sincere gratitude for your kind help in the school English Drama F
38、estival, which has turned out to be an amazing success. Its so nice of you to have offered us a class of presentation skills and basic stage techniques. Under your professional guidance, the participants gave such an impressive performance. Some students overcame the fear of acting in front of the audience and gained tremendous confidence. Others developed communication skills and knew how to cooperate in a team. Most importantly, this activity had fueled our passion for English drama. Many thanks for your time and support. Yours, Li Hua
