1、核心素养测评三十五 Module 5 Cloning. 阅读理解AIn the 1950s, Central American commercial banana growers were facing the death of their most economical product, the Gros Michel banana. Now its happening again to its successorthe Cavendish. With its easily transported, thick-skinned and sweet-tasting fruit, the Gro
2、s Michel banana plant dominated the plantations of Central America. United Fruit, the main grower and exporter in South America at the time, mass-produced its bananas in the most efficient way possible: it cloned shoots from the stems of plants instead of growing plants from seeds, and cultivated th
3、em in densely packed fields. Unfortunately, these conditions are also perfect for the spread of the fungus(真菌), which attacks the plants roots and prevents it from transporting water to the stem and leaves. The TR-1 strain of the fungus was resistant to crop sprays and travelled around on boots or t
4、he tyres of trucks, slowly infecting plantations across the region. In an attempt to escape the fungus, farmers abandoned infected fields, flooded them and then replanted crops somewhere else, often cutting down rainforest to do so. Their efforts failed. So they searched for a variety of bananas tha
5、t the fungus didnt affect. They found the Cavendish, which wasnt as well suited to shipping as the Gros Michel, but its bananas tasted good enough to keep consumers happy. Most importantly, TR-1 didnt seem to affect it. In a few years, United Fruit had saved itself from bankruptcy by filling its pla
6、ntations with thousands of the new plants. However, the Cavendish banana itself is far from safe. In 2015, the exports of Cavendish bananas had dropped by 46 per cent thanks to a combination of another strain of the fungus, TR-4, and bad weather. Racing against the inevitable, scientists are working
7、 on solving the problem by genetically modifying the Cavendish with genes from TR-4-resistant banana species. Researchers have successfully grown two kinds of modified plants which have remained resistant for three years so far. But some experts think this is just a complicated version of the same t
8、emporary solution the original Cavendish provided. If the new bananas are planted in the same monoculture(单种栽培) as the Cavendish and the Gros Michel, the risk is that another strain of the disease may rise up to threaten the modified plants too. 【文章大意】本文主要讲了香蕉种植者不断提高香蕉抵御病毒的能力, 然后作者提到了转基因香蕉。1. Mass-p
9、roduced bananas are . A. grown from seeds because its efficientB. cloned because its fast and cheap to grow themC. sweeter than other bananasD. exported to Central America【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段的United Fruit, the main grower and exporter in South America at the time. . . it cloned shoots from the stems o
10、f plants instead of growing plants from seeds, and cultivated them in densely packed fields. 可知该大规模生产的香蕉是农民克隆而成的。所以选B。2. The spread of the TR-1 strain was . A. caused by lack of waterB. sped up by the flooding of banana fieldsC. slowed down by crop sprayingD. helped by the movement of people and veh
11、icles【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段的. . . and travelled around on boots or the tyres of trucks, slowly infecting plantations across the region. 可知这种病毒可以通过待在卡车的行李箱或轮胎上进行传播。所以选D。3. Genetically modified bananas may . A. mean farmers can grow the Gros Michel againB. cause farmers to repeat the mistakes of the pastC
12、. encourage farmers to try new growing methodsD. only be a short-term solution【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段的. . . is just a complicated version of the same temporary solution the original Cavendish provided. 可知, 这仅仅是一个临时的解决方案。4. How would you describe the writers opinion about the future of the Cavendish? A.
13、Optimistic. B. Pessimistic. C. Cautious. D. Uninterested. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段的If the new bananas are planted in the same monoculture. . . the risk is that another strain of the disease may rise up to threaten the modified plants too. 可知, 作者对 the Cavendish的未来还是有点担忧, 希望能谨慎行事。故作者对香蕉转基因的态度是小心谨慎的, 所以选C。【
14、知识拓展】长难句分析United Fruit, the main grower and exporter in South America at the time, mass-produced its bananas in the most efficient way possible: it cloned shoots from the stems of plants instead of growing plants from seeds, and cultivated them in densely packed fields. 分析: 句子主语是United Fruit。the mai
15、n grower and exporter in South America at the time是United Fruit的同位语。谓语是mass-produced。宾语是its bananas。in the most efficient way possible作状语。冒号后面对way作了具体的解释说明。翻译: United Fruit, 那时南美主要的种植者和出口者, 以最有效的方法大规模生产香蕉: 它从植物的茎上克隆幼苗, 而不是用种子育苗, 然后在密集的田地里种植它们。 BAre some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or
16、 is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience? Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some degree our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who li
17、ves in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of persons intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be suppor
18、ted in a number of ways. It is easy to show that intelligence is to some degree something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be intelligent. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from population, it is likely that their degr
19、ee of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depend
20、s on birth. Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well
21、 as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degree of intelligence. 【文章大意】本文主要讲述的是遗传和环境都对智力起着重要的作用。5. The writer is in favor of the view that a mans intelligence
22、 is given to him . A. at birthB. through educationC. both at birth and through educationD. through environment of his family【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段的Thus the limits of persons intelligence. . . will depend on his environment. ”可知, 一个人的智力在出生时就固定了, 但能否达到极限, 要视后天的环境而定。以及第二段的描述It is easy to show that intellig
23、ence is to some degree something we are born with. 可知作者赞同的观点是, 人的智力受到出生和教育的影响。故选C。6. If a child is born with high intelligence, he can . A. surely become a geniusB. still become a genius if he isnt given good educationC. reach his intelligence limits through his own effortsD. probably reach his inte
24、lligence limits in rich and varied surroundings【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段的内容“Thus the limits of persons intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. ”可知, 一个人的智力在出生时就固定了, 但能否达到极限, 要视后天的环境而定。以及上句a child who lives in a boring environment will devel
25、op his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. 生活在无聊环境中的孩子没有生活在富足多变环境中的孩子智力发展得快。可知一个出生时高智商的孩子, 可能在富有的环境中达到他的智力极限。故选D。7. The example of the twins going to a university and to a factory separately shows . A. the importance of their intelligenceB. the role of environment o
26、n intelligenceC. the importance of their positionsD. the part that birth plays【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段的We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. 我们很快能发现他们智力发展的区别, 这就暗示了环境和出生一样对智力有影响。故选B。8. The best title of the passage can
27、 be . A. On IntelligenceB. On GeniusC. Dependence on EnvironmentD. Effect of Education on Intelligence【解析】选A。主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 文章主要讲述的是遗传和环境都对智力起着重要的作用。故标题用On Intelligence合适, 故选A。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. intelligence n. 智力2. strangely enough 奇怪的是3. to some degree 在某种程度上4. genius 天才5. at random 随机, 任意. 完形填空There was
28、 almost no reason for me to sing on my 51st birthday. Being recent “empty nesters”, my husband and I were doing our best to1to the too quiet house. This was a day when I2all to gather together. The plan, for my3day, was to meet our daughters, Jaime and Katie at a fancy4. Our youngest, Katie called t
29、o say she might not be able to5the celebration dinner. She had heavy6earlier that day and, with the long ride ahead, she thought it7to stay at her own house and have a good sleep. After all, this was my baby. How could she move so far away from me in the first place? But the reality I had to8was tha
30、t she didnt feel the need to9me every day. It made me10my abilities as a mother. I felt tears falling as I11what she had just said to me. Maybe she felt the12in my voice because, on second13, she changed her mind. “But”, she warned, “I didnt have time to14you a gift. ” We arrived with Katie already
31、waiting for us to15. After dinner in it, Katie handed me a shopping bag. As I opened it, the 16 warmth filled my heart again: a mommy sitting in a rocking chair, holding a17in her arms. The all explanations read: 18never leaves a mothers arms. I got the message loud and 19 , my daughter still loves
32、me though she lives far away from me, and20much less than Id like. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者51岁生日的时候, 打电话给女儿, 希望她们回来团聚, 但小女儿凯蒂推脱再三后答应了作者的邀请。饭后, 女儿送给作者一份礼物, 因此作者感受到了女儿也是深深爱自己的。1. A. submitB. adjustC. reactD. contribute【解析】选B。根据前文“Being recent empty nesters”的描述可知作者最近成为空巢老人, 所以需要调整以适应太过于安静的家。submit to 提交, 顺从;
33、adjust to调整以适应; react to对作出反应; contribute to有助于, 导致。2. A. attractedB. assistedC. expectedD. attached【解析】选C。此处意为这是我期望全家人在一起的一天。attract吸引; assist帮助; expect期望; attach系, 捆, 依恋。3. A. specialB. painfulC. exactD. cautious【解析】选A。根据前文可知, 今天是作者的生日, 作者希望全家人能够在一起, 所以对作者来说今天是特殊的日子。special特别的; painful痛苦的; exact确切
34、的; cautious谨慎的。4. A. marketB. shopC. hotelD. restaurant【解析】选D。根据前文修饰词“fancy”及后文“. . . the celebration dinner”的提示, 并结合文化常识可知, 此处杰米和凯蒂在一家高级餐厅。market市场; shop商店; hotel旅馆; restaurant餐馆。5. A. missB. holdC. prepareD. attend【解析】选D。句意: 我们最小的女儿凯蒂打电话来说她可能不能参加庆生宴了。miss思念, 错过; hold抓住; prepare准备; attend参加, 照顾。6.
35、A. weightB. trafficC. workD. rain【解析】选C。根据后文“with the long ride ahead, she thought itto. . . ”可知, 那天早些时候工作繁重, 而且回家还需要很长的路。weight重量; traffic交通; work工作; rain雨。 7. A. simplerB. betterC. woreD. easier【解析】选B。根据前文“She had heavyearlier that day and, with the long ride ahead. . . ”的描述可知, 此处她认为最好还是回自己家休息吧。 s
36、impler更简单的; better更好的; worse更糟的; easier更容易的。8. A. denyB. stressC. faceD. burden【解析】选C。句意: 但我不得不面对的现实是, 她觉得没有必要每天给我打电话。deny否认; stress强调; face面对; burden负担。9. A. understandB. teachC. visitD. phone【解析】选D。根据前文“Our youngest, Katie called to say she might not be able tothe celebration dinner”可知, 此处为原词复现, 我
37、不得不面对的现实是她觉得没有必要每天给我打电话。understand理解; teach教; visit参观, 拜访; phone打电话。 10. A. possess B. doubtC. acknowledgeD. improve【解析】选B。根据前文“But the reality I had towas that she didnt feel the need to me every day”的描述可知, 此处使我怀疑自己作为母亲的能力。possess拥有; doubt怀疑; acknowledge承认; improve提高。11. A. analyzedB. tastedC. repe
38、atedD. memorized【解析】选C。根据后文的描述可知, 此处当我重复她刚才对我说的话时, 我感到眼泪夺眶而出。analyze分析; taste品尝; repeat重复; memorize记住。12. A. embarrassmentB. confusionC. disappointmentD. excitement【解析】选C。根据后文“on second, she changed her mind”的描述可知, 女儿在思考之后改变自己的想法是因为母亲对自己的话感到失望。embarrassment尴尬; confusion困惑; disappointment失望; exciteme
39、nt兴奋。 13. A. thoughtB. assessmentC. gradeD. sigh【解析】选A。根据后文“she changed her mind”的描述可知, 此处thought与mind对应, 即再次思考后。thought思考, 想法; assessment评价; grade分数, 成绩, 年级; sigh叹气。14. A. awardB. spareC. buyD. show【解析】选C。根据后文“After dinner in it, Katie handed me a shopping bag. As I opened it. . . ”的提示可知, 此处女儿说没时间为
40、我购买礼物。award颁奖; spare匀出, 抽出; buy买; show展示。15. A. stay onB. show upC. set offD. turn away【解析】选B。句意: 我们到达餐厅时, 凯蒂已经在等我们出现了。stay on继续留下; show up出现; set off出发, 引爆; turn away转身离开。16. A. perfect B. contradictoryC. dynamicD. previous【解析】选D。根据后文“a mommy sitting in a rocking chair, holding ain her arms”的描述可知,
41、以前的温暖时光再次充盈着作者的心。perfect完美的; contradictory冲突的; dynamic充满活力的; previous以前的。 17. A. petB. babyC. toyD. book【解析】选B。根据前文“After all, this was my baby”的提示可知, 一个妈妈坐在摇椅里, 怀里抱着一个婴儿。18. A. loveB. mercyC. comfortD. pity【解析】选A。家永远是心之所在, 无论我们的孩子去哪里, 爱永远不会离开母亲的怀抱。love爱; mercy怜悯, 仁慈; comfort舒适; pity遗憾。19. A. absolu
42、teB. entireC. quickD. clear【解析】选D。根据前文“I got the message loud”中“loud”的提示可知, 此处用clear“清楚的”前后相对应, 且loud and clear属于习惯用语, 意为“一清二楚”。20. A. callsB. compensates C. emailsD. cares【解析】选A。根据前文“But the reality I had towas that she didnt feel the need tome every day”的提示可知, 打电话的次数比我想的要少。call打电话; compensate补偿, 弥
43、补; email发电子邮件; care关心, 在乎。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. do ones best 尽力2. fancy adj. 奇特的, 美好的3. celebration n. 庆祝4. after all毕竟5. warmth n. 温暖. 语法填空One of the greatest concerts I ever attended never took place at all. Not quite, anyway. Instead, a violent thunderstorm, 1. came pretty much out of nowhere on a summer
44、night, left the Saratoga Performing Arts Center without electrical power. The 2. (expect) storm hit just minutes before the Philadelphia Orchestra (交响乐团) was about to take the stage along with a guest soloist, the 3. (violin) Sarah Chang. Forty-five minutes later, the audience were still waiting, 4.
45、 (hope) power would be restored and the concert would get under way. Thats 5. Chang stepped onto the stage, alone except for her violin and a couple of stagehands (舞台工作人员) 6. (equip) with flashlights to light her and her music. The orchestra 7. (remain) backstage. But Chang began playing Fritz Kreis
46、lers Recitativo and Scherzo-Caprice. Maybe 8. rain was still pounding on the roof and flooding the grass. Maybe the thunder hadnt died away yet by distance. 9. (chance) are, though, no one listening that night could tell you there was anything at all in the air except the music. The 10. (perform) wa
47、s brief, but it was delivered with both skill and gracea sort of “thank you” card for the audiences presence and patience. 1. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句修饰thunderstorm, which在定语从句中作主语。2. 【解析】unexpected。考查过去分词作定语。此处指出乎意料的暴雨。3. 【解析】violinist。考查词性转换。此处指小提琴家。【知识延伸】以-ist为后缀的一些名词pianopianist, physics
48、physicist, sciencescientist, socialsocialist。4. 【解析】hoping。考查非谓语动词。现在分词在此处作伴随状语。5. 【解析】when。考查表语从句。此处指那就是Chang登上舞台的时候。6. 【解析】equipped。考查非谓语动词。be equipped with表示“装备着”。 此处equipped with flashlights to light her and her music是过去分词作定语修饰stagehands。7. 【解析】remained。考查动词时态。remain在此处是连系动词, 表示“仍然是”。因为描述的是过去的事情, 所以用一般过去时。8. 【解析】the。考查冠词。定冠词the表示特指, the rain特指前面提到的storm。9. 【解析】Chances。考查名词。根据空后面的are可知, 此处用名词的复数形式。10. 【解析】performance。考查词性转换。根据空前面的the 以及空后面的was可知此处需要名词。
