1、1exceptional adj.异常的unexceptional adj.平常的2suspend v暂停，中止suspension n暂令停职3notion n概念；观点；看法notional adj.概念上的notionally adv.想象地4accustom v使适应， 使习惯accustomed adj.习惯的5tragedy n不幸；悲剧tragic adj.悲惨的；悲剧的tragically adv.悲惨地，不幸地6shadow n坏影响，阴影shadowy adj.阴暗的，朦胧的1shadow n影子；阴暗处；少许；坏影响The children were having fun
2、，chasing each others shadows. 影子I thought I saw a figure standing in the shadows. 阴暗处These people have been living for years under the shadow of fear. 坏影响A shadow of a smile touched his mouth. 少许2crew n(飞机上的)全体机组人员；(赛船的)划船队(员)；赛艇运动Im thinking of going out for crew this term. 赛艇运动None of the passenge
3、rs and crew were injured. 全体机组人员He is a member of the Cambridge crew. 划船队Words and Phrasesaccustomed adj.习惯的；通常的；惯常的教材P62Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969，people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel.自从1969年7月20日尼尔阿姆斯特朗第一次踏上月球以来，人们已经习惯了太空旅行的概念。例
4、1You must accustom yourself to be more at ease when you are before strangers.当你在陌生人面前时，要使自己习惯于别太拘束。例2Youll soon accustom yourself to the climate here.你将很快习惯这里的气候。造句他习惯于早起，这对他的健康有益。He is accustomed to getting up early，which is beneficial to his health.知识拓展(1)be accustomed/used to(doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事(表
5、示状态)get/become accustomed/used to(doing)sth. 习惯于(做)某事(表示动作)(2)accustom vt. 使习惯于accustom oneself/sb.to sth.使自己/某人习惯于(做)某事即学即练单句语法填空The students quickly accustomed themselves(they)to the new timetable，which excited the teachers.As we all know，English people are accustomed to driving (drive)on the left
6、.小片段填空Accustomed to getting up late in the morning，I spend a lot of time accustoming myself to the schools rules and regulations.average adj.平均的；普通的 n平均数；平均水平v.平均为教材P62Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by todays average school students，all three astronauts of the Ap
7、ollo 11 mission made it safely back to Earth.完成阿波罗11号任务的三名宇航员在一台比现在普通学生使用的功能要弱得多的电脑的引导下安全返回地球。例1It takes an average of ten weeks for a house sale to be completed.售出一幢房子平均需要10周的时间。例2I was only average academically.我的学习成绩一般。造句他只是个普通的学生。He is just an average student.知识拓展an average of 平均有(后跟数词)on averag
8、e 平均地；在一般情况下above/below average 高于/低于平均数/水平up to the average 达到平均数/水平即学即练单句语法填空It is said that the time spent on homework by Chinese students is more than four hours a day on average.To their great joy，their sons schoolwork is well above average.The economy in this area has grown at a remarkable rat
9、e，averaging(average) almost 10 percent per annual.小片段填空 There were 90 students getting full marks in the exam，an average of 18 students (平均有18名学生)in each class.Toms was above average (在平均水平以上)while Johns was below average (在平均水平以下)involve vt.包括；涉及；使参加教材P62When the Challenger space shuttle took off o
10、n 28 January 1986，the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.1986年1月28日，“挑战者号”航天飞机起飞时，全世界似乎都对参与其中的宇航员取得的惊人成就失去了好奇。例1Any investment involves an element of risk.任何投资都有一定的风险。例2The test will involve answering questions about a photograph.考试将包括回答一些关于一张
11、照片的问题。造句让你的学生参与课堂活动是至关重要的。 Getting your students involved in classroom activities is vitally important.知识拓展(1)involve sb.in(doing)sth.使某人参与(做)某事； 使某人牵扯到某事中involve doing sth. 包括做某事；需要做某事(2)involved adj. 复杂的；有牵连的；有关的get/be involved in 被卷入之中；热衷于；专心于be/get involved with sb./sth.与某人混在一起/和某事有密切联系(3)involv
12、ement n. 参与；加入；插手involved adj.作前置定语时，意为“复杂的”；作后置定语时，意为“涉及的”。例如：an involved sentence“一个复杂的句子”；the people involved“所涉及的人”。即学即练单句语法填空Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.In a recent book，he advocated much more government involvement(involv
13、e)in health care.When she was young，she did as many things as she could，like getting involved(involve)in sports teams and school clubs.小片段填空Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involves spending(spend)quite a lot of time with students.Sadly，a serious accident involving(involve)a group
14、 of youths happened on him.Involved(involve)in the car accident，he had no alternative but to stay and wait for the policeman.assume vt.假设，假定；认为；承担教材P63The world went into shock，most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane.全世界陷入震惊，大多数人本来
15、认为这次太空飞行会和乘普通飞机旅行一样安全。例1Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.咱们暂时假设计划成功。例2It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为，压力是工作过重所致。造句 在他被证明有罪之前，我们必须假定他是无辜的。We must assume him to be innocent until he is proved guilty.知识拓展(1)assume sb./sth.to be 假定/假设某人/某事为assume that
16、. 假设；认为It is/was generally assumed that.普遍认为(2)assumption n. 假定，假设，设想on the assumption that. 假定，假设assuming(that) . 假定(作状语)即学即练单句语法填空/句型转换I hope to go to college next year，always assuming(assume)that I pass my exams.We are working on the assumption(assume)that everyone invited will turn up.People ass
17、ume that what they do has little effect on the environment.It is assumed that what they do has little effect on the environment.(用it 作形式主语改写)If there was not the hard work of the dustman，what can you imagine our environment will be like?Assuming that there was not the hard work of the dustman，what c
18、an you imagine our environment will be like？(用 assuming 作连词改写)小片段填空 It is assumed that hard work leads to great success，so we assume him to be successful.But assuming that he is not that lucky，what shall we do to comfort him?shadow n坏影响，阴影教材P63It was the most disastrous space accident ever，and it ca
19、st a shadow on peoples hearts.这是有史以来最严重的太空事故，给人们的心灵蒙上了阴影。例1She seemed to have always been under the shadow of her father.她似乎总是生活在父亲的阴影下。例2The scandal cast a shadow on his career.这件丑闻给他的事业投上了一层阴影。造句那棵树投下影子。The tree cast its shadow.知识拓展be frightened/nervous/scared of ones own shadow 非常胆小(或十分紧张)in the
20、shadow of 在附近under the shadow of 在的阴影中without/beyond a shadow of a doubt 毫无疑问即学即练完成句子The new market is in the shadow of (在附近)the City Hall.Kate has been living for years under the shadow of fear(在恐惧的阴影中)Whenever he sees his boss，he is nervous of his own shadow(十分紧张)scream v(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫教材P63The C
21、hallenger had exploded in midair and we all started screaming.“挑战者号”在半空中爆炸，我们都开始尖叫。例1He covered her mouth to stop her from screaming.他捂上她的嘴，不让她叫出声来。例2The kids were screaming with excitement.孩子们兴奋地喊叫着。造句那个女人躺在那里，疼得直尖叫。The woman lay there，screaming with pain.知识拓展scream with laughter 尖声大笑scream out for
22、./to do 亟须；亟待let out a scream 发出尖叫声即学即练单句语法填空Someone was screaming out for help.These books scream out to be included(include)in a list of favourites.suspend v暂停，中止；悬挂教材P63Following the shock of the Challenger disaster，space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years while the cause of th
23、e disaster was investigated，and some of the shuttles components were redesigned.“挑战者号”灾难发生后，在调查灾难原因的同时，航天飞机的飞行暂停了近3年，航天飞机的一些部件也进行了重新设计。例1Production has been suspended while safety checks are carried out.在进行安全检查期间生产暂停。例2Cancel or suspend is not allowed.不允许“取消”或“终止”。造句 这周工会暂停了罢工。The union suspended st
24、rike action this week.知识拓展(1)suspend sb.from sth.(尤指因为违反纪律)暂令某人停学或者停职(2)suspend sth.from sth./by sth.悬挂be suspended in sth. 悬浮在中即学即练单句语法填空Her body was found suspended by a rope.A lamp was suspended from the ceiling.Julie was suspended from her job shortly after the incident.doubt n怀疑 v怀疑；疑惑教材P63But
25、there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue，and on 29 September 1988，the space shuttle programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery.但载人飞行仍将继续，这一点毋庸置疑，1988年9月29日，随着“发现号”的成功发射，航天飞机项目又重新开始。例1There is some doubt about the best way to do it.这件事怎么做才是最佳办法有点吃不准。例2There is no do
26、ubt at all that we did the right thing.毫无疑问我们做得对。造句毫无疑问他会同意这个计划。There is no doubt that he will agree to the plan.知识拓展(1)have doubt about/whether. 怀疑have no doubt about/that.不怀疑There is no doubt that. 毫无疑问(2)without doubtbeyond doubt毫无疑问；一定地no doubt 肯定地；想必(3)doubtful adj. 怀疑的在否定句和疑问句中，doubt后跟that引导的宾
27、语从句或同位语从句；在肯定句中，后接whether或if引导的宾语从句或whether引导的同位语从句。即学即练单句语法填空I hope they will finish the project in time，but they themselves are very doubtful (doubt)that it will.I still doubt whether the price of computers in the store will go down，but I will just wait and see.I never doubt that special classes c
28、an help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life soon.remind sb.that.使某人想起教材P63The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us，reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars，no matter how distant they might seem.“挑战者号”做出的牺牲呼唤着我们，提醒我们必须继续努力进行星空探索，不管它们看起来有多么遥远。例1Im s
29、orry，Ive forgotten your name.Can you remind me?对不起，我忘了你的名字。提醒我一下好吗？例2Remind me to phone Alan before I go out.提醒我在出去之前给艾伦打电话。造句请提醒他一到家就给我打电话。Please remind him to call me as soon as he gets home.知识拓展remind sb.to do sth. 提醒某人做某事remind(sb.)that/how/what提醒(某人)其他“v.sb.of sth.”结构的短语还有：inform sb.of sth. 通知某
30、人某事rob sb.of sth. 抢劫某人某物accuse sb.of sth. 控告某人某事warn sb.of sth. 警告某人某事cure sb.of sth. 治愈某人某病convince sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Passengers are reminded(remind)that no smoking is allowed on this train.Reminded not to drive (drive)after drinking，some drivers are still trying their luck，which is
31、really dangerous.The result will help to predict some major and severe diseases and your preference for diet and remind you of suitable ways to exercise(提示你合适的锻炼方式)Sentence Patterns形容词短语作状语教材P62Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets，their hearts in their mouths，
32、aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was，and of the many things that could go wrong.数以百万计的人在黑白电视机上观看了第一次登月，他们的心提到了嗓子眼儿，意识到这是一项多么艰巨和危险的任务，也意识到许多可能会出错的事情。句式分析：句子中aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was，and of the many things that could go wrong 是形容词短语作状语，来说明主语的状态。例1Ser
33、iously injured，some of the passengers were sent to the nearest hospital at once.伤势严重，一些乘客被立即送往了最近的医院。例2Brave，good and strong，Xiulian is the character we care about most.我们最关心秀莲这个角色，她勇敢、善良而且坚强。造句 经过长途旅行，他们三个回到了家，又冷又饿。After the long journey，the three of them returned home，hungry and tired.知识拓展(1)形容词(短
34、语)作状语时，说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态。形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等。(2)形容词(短语)作状语时，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。翻译1既惊讶又高兴，托尼站起来接受了奖品。Surprised and happy，Tony stood up and accepted the prize.翻译2男孩满心恐惧地跑回家。The boy ran home，full of fear.即学即练单句语法填空Luckily(luck)，his mother was very patient，and don
35、t give up trying to help him.She looked at me，happy and satisfied(satisfy)no 比较级than教材P63The world went into shock，most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane.全世界陷入震惊，大多数人本来认为这次太空飞行会和乘普通飞机旅行一样安全。句式分析：“Ano more.than B”句式表示两者都不例1John is
36、no better than Tom.约翰和汤姆都不好。例2Jack is no more diligent than Tom.杰克和汤姆都不勤奋。造句我和你个子都不高。 I am no taller than you.知识拓展(1)“no比较级than”结构表示该形容词或副词的相反含义，意思是“与一样不”，如：no better than意义上相当于as bad as，no wiser than意义上相当于as stupid as，no richer than相当于as poor as，no bigger than相当于as small as。(2)not比较级than含义是“不比怎么样”
37、比如not better than.不比好。(3)比较级的其他特殊表示方法：表示两者之中“较”，用the比较级of the two。This one is the bigger of the two houses.这所房子是两座房子中较大的。定冠词或指示形容词比较级名词表示比较。The taller boy is John.那个身高较高的男孩子是约翰。有少数以ior结尾的形容词，如inferior(次于)，junior(地位低下的)，posterior(之后)，prior(之前)，senior(地位高)，superior(优于)等本身就有比较的意思，常与介系词to连用。This method
38、is superior to that one.这种方法优于那种方法。(4)形容词比较级可以被副词如a little(一点)，much(得多)，even(更加)，still(更加)，far(得多)等修饰，但不可用very修饰。Life is very much easier than it was twenty years ago.现在的生活比20年前简单得多了。翻译1这本书不如那本书有趣。This book is not more interesting than that one.翻译2这本书和那本书一样不令人感兴趣。This book is no more interesting tha
39、n that one.即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子He is senior to me.Toms handwriting is far/much/even better(好得多)than yours.Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets，their hearts in their mouths，aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was，and of the many things that could go
40、 wrong.分析：本句的主干部分是Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets，本句中独立主格结构是their hearts in their mouths，aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was，and of the many things that could go wrong这部分也是作状语。and 是表示并列关系，而且后面省略了形容词aware。译文：数以百万计的人在黑白电视机上观看了第一次登月，他们的心
41、提到了嗓子眼，意识到这是一项多么艰巨和危险的任务，也意识到许多可能会出错的事情。教材高考1.Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by todays average school students.(2017全国卷)Freddy was an average student，but not an average person.2.The Challenger had exploded in midair and we all started screaming.(2018全国卷)Unexpecte
42、dly，Im facetoface with the gorilla，who begins screaming at the top of her lungs.单句语法填空1Shall we go for a drink at one oclock this afternoon?Sorry，I can not make itWill two oclock be OK?2In spite of what has recently been done to provide more buses for the people，a shortage of public vehicles remains
43、 a problem.3What about the two cars?This one is no more expensive(expensive)than that one，but the blue one uses less oil.4Assuming(assume)that the proposal is accepted，when are we going to get the money?5Accustomed(accustom)to living in the countryside，Mr King found it hard to live in the city.6Hard
44、 as/though my brother studied，he wasnt qualified enough for a good university.7She is a person accustomed to having(have) eight hours sleep a night.8Mary seems not to have learnt(learn)the bad news，for she looks nice and happy.9The famous doctor is going to set about performing(perform)the operation
45、，so please keep calm.10There is still some doubt whether the system will work even though all the factors have been considered.短语填空cast a shadow on；on board；set foot on；get accustomed to；tune in1Tom is having a hard time getting accustomed to new surroundings in Australia.2The captain refused to lea
46、ve his sinking ship while there were others on board3More than six million youngsters tune in to Blockbusters every day.4The misunderstanding cast a shadow on their friendship.5No man has ever set foot on that rocky island；its impossible to land there.课文语法填空Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot 1
47、. on the Moon back on 20 July 1969，people have become 2.accustomed(accustom)to the notion of space travel.All three astronauts made it 3.safely(safe)back to Earth，4.using(use)a spaceship computer that was much less powerful 5. than the ones used by the average school students today.By the time the C
48、hallenger took off in 1986，the world seemed to 6.have lost(lose)its fear and wonder at the 7.amazing(amaze)achievements of people going up into space.But this was going to be a special flight and so 8.millions(million)of people tuned in to witness the takeoff on TV.Sadly the Challenger had exploded in midair.It 9.happened(happen)so quickly and everyone was in a state of shock.In spite of all our advanced technology，the world is still only at 10.the very beginning of its voyage into space.