1、 spoil v.spl( spoils; spoiled/spoilt; spoiling ) 双解释义 vi.变质 become bad or unfit to be used vt.毁掉 make (sth) useless, valueless or unsatisfactory; ruin vt.溺爱 harm the character by lack of discipline or too much generosity, attention, praise, etc. 基本要点1.spoil的基本意思是“变坏,腐烂”或“破坏,损坏”,使物体在外形、用途、力量、精力、价值等方面
2、损坏,含有彻底损坏而不能补救的意味。引申可作“溺爱”“惯坏”解,强调过分骄纵而对性格、性情的损害,也可作“把事情搞糟”或“使人扫兴”解。2.spoil还可作“抢劫; 强夺”解,过去式、过去分词只用spoiled。3.spoil可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时接名词或代词作宾语。4.spoil后接介词by表示“因而毁坏; 因而宠坏”; be spoiling for的意思是“一心想,切望”。5.spoil的过去分词spoilt可用作形容词,在句中作定语。6.spoil的过去式和过去分词均可为spoilt或spoiled。 词汇搭配 +名词 spoil sbs fun使某人扫兴
3、spoil a holiday使假日过得不好 spoil a plan打乱计划 spoil the pleasure扫兴 spoil a sheet of paper糟蹋一张纸 spoil a trip破坏一次旅行 +副词 spoil disastrously灾难性地毁坏 spoil frightfully宠得不成样子 spoil hopelessly糟糕地毁坏 spoil sadly悲惨地毁坏 spoil sickeningly令人难受地溺爱 +介词 spoil for心想 spoil for learning求学心切 spoil sb of sth 抢走了某人的某物 常用短语spoil b
4、y(v.+prep.)因而毁坏; 因而宠坏 make (sth) useless because of sth; harm the character of by sthspoil sb/sth by sth/v-ingThe small boy spoilt the picture by smearing it with ink.那孩子往画上抹墨水把画给毁了。He spoilt the performance by speaking out of turn.不该他说话时他说了话,结果把整个演出搞糟了。Weve had a wonderful day out; lets not spoil i
5、t now by having a quarrel.今天我们出来玩得非常开心,现在别让争吵给破坏了。He spoiled his son by giving him too much money.由于他给孩子太多的钱惯坏了孩子。 用于be ed结构The plan was quite spoilt by the rain.计划完全被这场雨破坏了。Our holidays were spoilt by the bad weather.天气不好把我们的假日破坏了。The picture on our TV is spoilt by interference from your vacuum cle
6、aner.我家电视机的图像由于你的吸尘器干扰而不清楚了。My essay was spoilt by careless mistake.我的作文给粗心大意弄糟了。The truth is she is spoilt by her grandmother.实际情况是她给她奶奶惯坏了。spoil facebeauty毁损某人的容貌 ruin ones facespoil ones facebeautyThe murderer attempted to escape from law punishment by spoiling his own face.那个杀人犯企图自毁容貌而逃脱法律的惩罚。Th
7、e young man who spoiled his girl friends beauty with sulphuric acid was sentenced to death.那个用硫酸毁损女朋友容貌的年轻人被判处死刑。spoil for(v.+prep.)一心想某事 be eagerkeen for sthspoil for sthHes spoiling for an argument.他存心想争吵。It was obviously from his attitude that he was spoiling for a fight.他摆出那副架势显然是憋足了劲要打架。They ha
8、ve well-trained troops, who are spoiling for a fight.他们有一支训练有素,求战心切的部队。He spoils for learning.他求学心切。spoil with(v.+prep.)用破坏 make (sth) bad with sthspoil sth with sthShe spoiled the soup with too much salt.她盐放得太多,把汤糟蹋了。 句型例句用作不及物动词S+(+A)Some kinds of food soon spoil.有些食物易变质。They ate the fish before i
9、t spoiled.他们没等鱼变坏就把它吃了。Food spoils more quickly without preservatives.食物不加防腐剂会坏得更快。Milk spoils if not refrigerated.牛奶不冷藏就会变坏。The fruit has spoiled in the hot sun.水果在暴晒下变坏了。用作及物动词S+n./pron.Try not to spoil any material.设法别糟蹋材料。The heavy rain has spoilt the flowers in the park.这阵大雨把公园里的花全浇坏了。Now Ive s
10、poilt this letter, it will have to be done all over again.我把这封信弄坏了,得重写一封。If this drought continued, it would spoil everything.如果继续干旱下去,一切都完了。That ink mark has spoilt your dress.那墨渍弄脏了你的连衣裙。The rain spoiled our pleasure.雨扫了我们的兴。The writer has spoiled an otherwise good story by striving after effects.
11、这位作家由于拼命追求效果反而把一篇本来还不错的小说搞糟了。His grandmother spoiled him.他的祖母把他宠坏了。Spare the rod and spoil the child.孩子不打不成器。He likes having a wife who spoils him.他喜欢有一位对他非常关心的太太。This hotel advertises that it spoils its guests.该旅馆做广告说他们对顾客是有求必应。They are financiers who spoiled widows of their money.他们是掠夺寡妇钱财的金融家。The
12、 bandits spoiled the villagers of their food and clothes.土匪们抢走了村民们的食物和衣服。 用于be ed结构The dinner was completely spoilt.这顿饭完全给破坏了。The tourists were beautifully spoiled in Guilin.游客们在桂林被美丽的景致弄得目不暇接。Tom is terribly spoiled.汤姆被宠得不成样子了。You should send the child to a kindergarten; he is being spoilt at home.
13、你们应把孩子送到幼儿园去,呆在家里就把他逐渐宠坏了。There are so many lovely things I could wear tonight,Im spoilt for choice.今晚我有非常多的好看的东西可以佩带,我真是受宠若惊,都无法决定选哪一件了。The rich man was spoiled of his goods.这个有钱人的财物被抢走了。其他He is a spoilt child.他是个惯坏了的孩子。Her husband behaves just like a spoilt child.她丈夫的行为像个宠坏了的孩子。 词语辨异spoil, harm这组词
14、的共同意思是“损害”。其区别在于:1.harm常指肉体或精神受到“损伤”,也可指某事物受到“损害”或“损失”,带来烦恼及不便; 而spoil常指力量、价值等的降低或事物的最终毁灭,也可指日常生活中某事不顺利或碰钉子等。2.harm语气较弱; 而spoil则语气较强。spoiled, spoilt这组词同为spoil的过去式和过去分词形式。spoiled表示的损害、伤害较轻微; 而用spoilt则表示彻底破坏; 当表示惯坏或宠坏时,两者所表达的意思一样; 表示抢劫时只用spoiled。 spoil n.spl( spoils ) 双解释义 U P正战利品,赃物things taken, especially by an army from a defeated enemy or by thieves 基本要点spoil可作复数或不可数名词。 词汇搭配 介词+ with the spoils带着赃物 +介词 the spoils of war战利品 句型例句There is some spoils of war in his hands.在他的手里有些战利品。The thief escaped with his spoils.这个小偷带着赃物逃走了。
