1、2015届高考高三英语二轮提升专题训练：阅读理解（5）AI moved from Chicago to Brooklyn in July of 2010，just in time to watch my mother die.Our parents were both gone now；I took with me as many things they had left behind as I could.I was out walking one Saturday later that summer when something caught my eyea pale green dres
2、s.Laid out on the pavement was stuff like earrings，glass candleholders，books.Hanging on the fence behind were a few pairs of jeans and a green cotton dress.The woman，the host of the stoop(门廊) sale，looked like she was getting rid of a past she didnt need or want.A dress that was too big for her.A che
3、st of drawers that took up too much space，space she needed，maybe，to heal，recover，or grow.I wasnt planning on buying anything really，but now I needed to show her that I appreciated her things and I would give them a safe home.Then I had my first stoop saleI paid her 20 dollars for her green cotton dr
4、ess and her blue candleholder.From that day on，I became interested in stoop sales.Some of my favorite things are from someone elses life.I find no joy in shopping at regular stores any more.I love trying to sniff out a memory from a bud vase or a drawer.It is comforting to know that someone has brea
5、thed and laughed inside a sweater before me.A few weeks ago，I carried my mothers dresses to a friends stoop.These were her best items，which were once worn by the most important person in my life.For many hours，I watched from across the path people advancing the stoop，some leaving with Moms dress.I u
6、sed to think that her stuff was as forever sacred(神圣的)as my memory of her.I know now that once I love a scarf or shirt too dearly，it needs to find a new home.Even that green dress is long gone by now.【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。“我”父母去世后，“我”珍藏了他们最喜爱的东西，后来发现爱并不意味着拥有他们的东西，爱的另一种方式是把他们留在记忆中。1The author took her mot
7、hers dresses after her death because_Ashe valued the things used by her momBshe didnt want to throw them awayCshe could sell them laterDthey were her moms best items解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“Our parents were both gone now；I took with me as many things they had left behind as I could.”以及最后一段第二句话“These wer
8、e her best items，which were once worn by the most important person in my life.”可推知，在母亲去世后，作者珍藏了母亲的衣服是因为想从母亲用过的东西中寻找母亲的痕迹，以此来怀念母亲。故选A项。2From the passage，we know that_Athe things the author bought from the woman are too bigBthe author is fond of imagining others life experiencesCthe author will never
9、shop at regular stores any moreDthe author still keeps most of her moms things解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第五段中“Some of my favorite things are from someone elses life.It is comforting to know that someone has breathed and laughed inside a sweater before me.”可推断，B项正确。3In the last paragraph，the author tries to tell
10、us that_.Aher mom is the number one person in her lifeBshe didnt really want to sell her moms dressesCshe still thinks of her mother quite oftenDlove doesnt mean holding on to something tightly解析：选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二、三句“I used to think that her stuff was as forever sacred(神圣的)as my memory of her.I kn
11、ow now that once I love a scarf or shirt too dearly，it needs to find a new home.”可推断，应选D项。4It can be inferred that the author will_Anot sell her own things at stoop salesBkeep her mom in her mind in another wayCbe sad about all the memory of her momDmove to another city for a new life解析：选B。推理判断题。根据最
12、后一段内容可知，爱并不意味着拥有她的东西，爱的另一种方式是把她留在记忆中。故选B项。BMouth bacteria grow fast in airless conditions.Oxygen rich saliva(唾液)keeps their numbers down.When we sleep，for example，the saliva stream slows，and sulfur(硫)producing bacteria gains the upper hand，producing classic “morning breath”Alcohol drinking，too much
13、talking，breathing through the mouth during exercise，anything that dries the mouth produces bad breath.So can stress，though its not understood why.Some peoples breath turns sour every time they go on a job interview.Saliva flow gradually slows with age，which explains why the elderly have more bad bre
14、ath trouble than younger people do.Babies，however，who make plenty of saliva and whose mouths contain relatively few bacteria have characteristically sweet breath.For most of us，the simple，dry mouth variety of bad breath is easily cured.Eating or drinking starts saliva and sweeps away many of the bac
15、teria.Breakfast often stops morning breath.Those with constant dry mouth find that it helps to keep gum，hard candy，or a bottle of water or juice around.Brushing the teeth wipes out dry mouth bad breath because it clears away many of the offending bacteria.Surprisingly，one thing that rarely works is
16、mouthwash.The liquid can mask bad breath smell with its own smell，but the effect lasts no more than an hour.Some mouthwashes claim to kill the bacteria responsible for bad breath.The trouble is，they dont necessarily reach all offending germs.Most bacteria are well protected from mouthwash under thic
17、k layers of mucus(粘液)If the mouthwash contains alcoholas most doit can worsen the problem by drying out the mouth.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，说明了口气(臭)的原因，虽然有些治疗措施，但是都不能从根本上治愈。5Which of the following is right?ASaliva flow gradually increases with age.BAlcohol drinking does good to bad breath.CMouthwash is not an
18、effective way to bad breath.DMouth bacteria cant grow fast in airless conditions.解析：选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“The liquid can mask bad breath smell with its own smell，but the effect lasts no more than an hour.”可知，答案选C。6Which of the following is mentioned as one of the causes of bad breath?ATooth trouble.BSu
19、lfur rich food.CToo much exercise. DMental pressure.解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“So can stress，though its not understood why.”可知，答案选D。7According to the passage，alcohol has something to do with bad breath mainly because_Ait keeps offending bacteria from reproducingBits smell adds to bad breathCit kills some
20、helpful bacteriaDit affects the normal flow of saliva解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第一段“Mouth bacteria grow fast in airless conditions.the saliva stream slows.producing classicmorning breath”可知，在没有新鲜空气的情况下，唾液流动会缓慢，口腔细菌会增加。由此结合第二段第一句“Alcohol drinking.dries the mouth produces bad breath.”可知，喝酒会使人口干舌燥，造成唾液流动缓慢，从而产生口臭。故
21、答案选D。8We can infer from this passage that_Aoffensive breath cant easily be curedBelderly people are less offended by bad breathCheavy drinkers are less affected by bad breathDoffensive breath is less affected by alcohol解析：选A。推理判断题。文中提到了一些治疗方法，比如口香糖、硬糖、漱口剂等，但是都不能有效根治口臭。故答案选A。CThere are records of fin
22、gerprints taken many centuries ago.The ancient Babylonians pressed the tips of their fingerprints into clay to record business trade.The Chinese used inkonpaper finger impressions for business.However，fingerprinting wasnt used as a method for identifying criminals until the 19th century.In 1858，Sir
23、William Herschel was working as an official of the Hooghly district in Jungipoor，India.In order to reduce fraud(诈骗)，he had people living in the district record their fingerprints when signing business documents.A few years later，Scottish doctor Henry Faulds was working in Japan when he discovered fi
24、ngerprints left by artists on ancient pieces of clay.This finding inspired him to begin investigating fingerprints.In 1880，Faulds wrote to his cousin，the famous naturalist Charles Darwin，and asked for help with developing a fingerprint classification system.Darwin refused，but sent the letter to his
25、cousin，Sir Francis Gallon，who was an eugenicist(优生学家)Gallon began collecting fingerprints and eventually gathered some 8，000 different samples to analyze.In 1892，he published a book called Fingerprints，in which he outlined a fingerprint classification systemthe first existence.Around the same time，J
26、uan Vucetich，a police officer in Buenos Aires，Argentina，was developing his own version of a fingerprinting system.In 1892，Vucetich was called in to assist with the investigation of the two boys murdered in Necoche，a village near Buenos Aires.Their mother，Francisca Rojas，accused a neighbour named Vel
27、asquez.But when Vucetich compared the fingerprints found at the murder scene to those of both Velasquez and Rojas，they matched Rojas exactly.She admitted her crime.This was the first time fingerprints had been used in a criminal investigation.Vucetich called his system comparative dactyloscopy(指纹鉴定法
28、)Its still used in many Spanishspeaking countries.Sir Edward Henry，in charge of the Metropolitan Police of London，soon became interested in using fingerprints to catch criminals.In 1896，he added to Gallons technique，creating his own classification system，the Henry Classification System.It is the pri
29、mary method of fingerprint classification throughout most of the world.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了指纹的发展历史。9Who first came up with the idea of creating a fingerprint classification system?AHerschel. BFaulds.CGallon. DDarwin.解析：选C。细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后两句“Gallon began collecting fingerprints and eventually gathered
30、 some 8，000 different samples to analyze.In 1892，he published a book called Fingerprints，in which he outlined a fingerprint classification systemthe first existence.”可知，答案C符合文意。10The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to“_”Athe fingerprints Bthe two boysCthe crimes Dthe police off
31、icers解析：选A。指代判断题。根据文章第三段第四句“But when Vucetich compared the fingerprints found at the murder scene to those of both Velasquez and Rojas”可知，此处的they代指的是“fingerprints found at the murder scene”。故答案A符合文意。11We can learn from the text that_AFaulds collected many fingerprints while in JapanBHenrys classific
32、ation system is based on GallonsCDarwin showed great interest in studying fingerprintsDVucetichs fingerprinting system is still used all over the world解析：选B。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第二句“In 1896，he added to Gallons technique，creating his own classification system，the Henry Classification System.”可推知，答案B符合文意。12W
33、hat is the text mainly about?ADifferent uses of fingerprints.BThe history of fingerprinting.CCountries that first used fingerprints.DThe way to collect and analyze fingerprints.解析：选B。主旨大意题。根据对文章的整体理解可知，本文主要讲的是指纹的发展历史，尤其介绍了指纹鉴定法的演变史。故答案B符合语境。DText messaging is a surprisingly good way to receive candi
34、d responses to sensitive questions，according to a new study to be presented this week at the annual meeting of the American Association for Public Opinion Research.“The preliminary(初步的)results of our study suggest that people are more likely to disclose sensitive information via text messages than i
35、n voice interviews，” says Fred Conrad，a psychologist at the University of Michigan Institute for Social Research.“This is sort of surprising，” says Conrad，“since many people thought that texting would decrease the likelihood of disclosing sensitive information because it creates a persistent，visual
36、record of questions and answers that others might see on your phone and in the cloud.”With text，the researchers also found that people were less likely to engage in “satisficing”a survey industry term referring to the common practice of giving good enough，easy answers.“We believe people give more pr
37、ecise answers via texting because theres just not the time pressure in a largely asynchronous(非同步的)mode like text that there is in phone interviews，”says Conrad.“As a result，respondents are able to take longer to arrive at more accurate answers.”Conrad conducted the study with Michael Schober，a prof
38、essor of psychology at the New School for Social Research.“Were in the early stages of analyzing our findings，” says Schober.“But so far it seems that texting may reduce some respondents tendency to shade the truth or to present themselves in the best possible light in an interview，even when they kn
39、ow its a human interviewer they are communicating with via text.What we cannot yet be sure of is who is most likely to be disclosive in text.Is it different for frequent texters，or generational，for example？”For the study，the researchers recruited approximately 600 iPhoneusers through Google Ads，offe
40、ring them iTunes Store rewards to participate in the study.Their goals were to see whether responses to the same questions differed depending on several variables：whether the questions were asked via text or voice，whether a human or a computer asked the questions，and whether the environment，includin
41、g the presence of other people and the likelihood of multitasking，affected the answers.【文章大意】本文是一篇研究报告。研究表明，在涉及一些敏感问题时，短信更容易让人们之间透露实情，人们也更愿意通过短信的方式披露敏感信息，因为通过短信的方式可以让人们在回答问题时不受太多时间的限制。因而在陈述信息时更准确，而不是随口做答或泛泛回应。13The underlined word “candid” in Para.1 probably means_Astraightforward BcriticalCambitiou
42、s Dsubjective解析：选A。词义猜测题。根据画线词上下文内容可知，对于敏感问题，发短信是得到某种坦诚回答的令人惊讶的好方式，由此可推断出，画线词是“坦率的”之意，与选项中straightforward(简单的，坦率的)的词义相近。故答案选A。14Why is it surprising that people are more likely to disclose sensitive information via text messages?ABecause many people thought that texting would decrease the likelihood
43、 of disclosing sensitive information.BBecause others might see the text messages on the phone.CBecause people are less likely to engage in “satisficing”DBecause respondents are able to take longer to arrive at more accurate answers.解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，短信会产生持久的可视记录，并且其他人可能也会在手机上看到。B项内容符合题意。故答案选B。15
44、We can learn from the passage that_Apeople fond of text messaging are more honestBtexting will give away less sensitive informationCdifferent variables might affect the responses of messagingDabout 600 iPhone users have been awarded iTunes by researchers解析：选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“Their goals were to see whether responses to the same questions differed depending on several variables.affected the answers.”可知，对于同样的问题，其答案也会受不同的变量影响，C项内容与此相符。故答案选C。