1、动名词一、 语法专项1. I certainly appreciate his _ (tell)us about the delay in delivering the materials because we had planned to begin work tomorrow.2. These three college students are real heroes because they risked his _ (lose) their own lives in order to save the drowning boys in the water.3. I really ap
2、preciate your _ (lend) me the money to help me out.4. The married couple regularly discussed the life habits they find _ (annoy) in each other.5. What is it that made Peter so happy and excited?_ (choose) as a volunteer for Shanghai 2010 World Expo.6. It is a common sense that _(expose) for a long t
3、ime in the sun might seriously damage you skin.7. Considering his poor health condition,the doctor insisted on _ (he take) a good rest before going back to work.8. _ (expose) to radiation in the laboratory too often caused Marie Curies death.9. The children in Sichuan look forward with hope to _ (ge
4、t) a chance to receive further education in their rebuilt hometown.10. I hear theyve promoted Tom, but he didnt mention _ (promote) when we talked on the phone.11. Doctors warn people that _ (control)anger through unnatural methods is much more harmful to a persons health than the anger itself.12. W
5、hat was it that made Trump happy? _ (elect) the US President.13. Nowadays some parents regret not _(spend) more time with their kids when they were young.14. The patient who had suffered from H1N1insisted on _ (isolate) from others immediately, holding the belief that the disease would infect others
6、.15. Those businesspersons are getting well prepared for the coming season, for they cant risk _ (lose) the good opportunity.16. The boys _ (not do) the assignment made his father lose his temper.17. _ (finish) your homework by yourself is one of the effective ways to improve your grades.18. I cant
7、stand _ (work) with Jane in the same office, as she is always talking, which distracts my attention.19. Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean _ (accept) the action of the person who has offended you.20. It cost me a fortune, but I dont regret _ (spend) a year traveling around the w
8、orld.二、语法填空The evidence for harmony may not be obvious in some families. But it seems that four out of five young people now get on with their parents, which is the opposite of the popularheld image of unhappy teenagers (21) _ (lock) in their room after endless family quarrels.An important new study
9、 into teenage attitudes surprisingly shows that their family life is more harmonious than it has ever been in the past. “We were surprised by just (22) _ positive todays young people seem to be about their families,” said one member of the research team. “Theyre expected to be rebellious and selfish
10、 but actually they have other things on their minds: They want a car and material goods, and they worry about whether school is serving them well. Theres (23) _ (much) negotiation and discussion between parents and children, and children expect to take part in the family decision-making process. The
11、y dont want to rock the boat.”So it seems that this generation of parents is much more likely than parents of 30 years ago (24) _ (treat) their children as friends. “My parents are happy to discuss things with me and willing to listen to me,” says17-year-old Daniel Lazall. “I always tell them when I
12、m going out clubbing.(25) _ they know what Im doing, theyre fine with it.” Susan Crome, who is now 21, agrees. “Looking back on the last 10 years, there was a lot of (26) _you could call negotiation. For example, if I (27) _ (do) all my homework,I could go out on a Saturday night. But I think my gra
13、ndparents were a lot stricter with my parents than that.”Maybe this positive view of family life should not be unexpected. It is possible that the idea of teenage rebellion is not rooted in real facts. A researcher comments, “Our surprise (28) _ teenagers say they get along well with their parents c
14、omes because of a brief period in our social history(29) _ teenagers were regarded as different beings. But that idea of rebelling and breaking away from their parents mainly happened during that onetime in the 1960s when everyone rebelled. The normal situation throughout history has been a smooth c
15、hange from helping out with the family business to(30) _ (take) it over.”三、选词填空A. criticism B. discourage C. shifts D. institute E. industriousnessF. establish G. credit H. standards I. accommodate J. leaves K. demonstrateAlthough Henry Fords name is closely associated with the concept of mass produ
16、ction, he should receive equal _31_ for introducing labor practices as early as 1913 that would be considered advanced even by todays _32_.Safety measures were improved, and the work day was reduced to eight hours,compared with the ten or twelve-hour day common at the time. In order to_33_ to the sh
17、orter work day, the entire factory was converted from two to three _34_.In addition, sick _35_ as well as improved medical care for those injured on the job were instituted. The Ford Motor Company was one of thefirst factories to develop a technical school to train specialized skilled laborers and a
18、n English language school for immigrants. Some efforts were even made to hire the handicapped and provide jobs for former convicts.The most widely acclaimed innovation was the five-dollar-a-day minimum wage that was offered in order to recruit and retain the best mechanics and to _36_ the growth of
19、labor unions. Ford explained the new wage policy in terms of efficiency and profit sharing. He also mentioned the fact that his employees would be able to purchase the automobiles that they producedin fact creating a market for the product. In order to qualify for the minimum wage, an employee had t
20、o establish a decent home and _37_ good personal habits,including sobriety (沉静;严肃), thriftiness (节俭), _38_, and dependability (可信任,可靠性).Although some _39_ was directed at Ford for involving himself too much in the personal lives of his employees, there can be no doubt that, at a time when immigrants
21、 were being taken advantage of in frightful ways, Henry Ford was helping many people to _40_ themselves in America.参考答案1.telling2.losing3.lending4.annoying5.Being chosen6.being exposed7.his taking8.Being exposed9.getting10.having been promoted11.controlling12.Being elected13.spending14.being isolate
22、d15.losing16.not having done17.Finishing18.working19.accepting20.spending21. locked22. how23. more24. to treat25. As long as26. what27. had done28. that29. when30. taking3135 GHICJ3640 BKEAF三、阅读理解Plastic has become perhaps the most demonised material of the last 12 months, as the scale of pollution
23、in the oceans becomes increasingly apparent.With dire predictions that if nothing is done there will be more plastic in the seas by weight than fish by 2050, it has become evident that we cannot recycle our way out of the plastic problem.More than 8m tonnes of plastic end up in our oceans each year.
24、 Meanwhile virgin plastic production continues apace and is set to to leap by 40% over the next 10 years as more products are made from virgin plastic than from recycled.But consumer pressure can force change. The Guardian revealed this year that supermarkets alone put 1m tonnes of plastic packaging
25、 on to the market.But they are increasingly aware that if their customers lose faith they will lose money. Almost a quarter of consumers surveyed earlier this year said they were extremely concerned about plastic packaging. More than half said they were doing what they could to reduce their use of p
26、lastic.In Australia, public pressure led many supermarkets this year to announce they were phasing out single-use plastic bags. These include Coles, Woolies and Harris Farm.Just producing plastic uses huge resources it takes around 12m barrels of oil to make the 100bn plastic bags used annually in t
27、he United States alone.This year Britains Iceland supermarket has led the way and others are beginning to follow suit. Iceland has pledged to eliminate plastic packaging on its own goods in five years.So what can you do to reduce your own plastic footprint and put pressure on supermarkets and manufa
28、cturers to move towards reuseable plastic items and hugely increase the amount of recycled plastic in their products? Here are 10 top tips:1. Start at home. Do a plastic audit of your household. Shower bottles, deodorants, washing up liquids, shampoo bottles. Aim to make reductions here by ditching
29、shower gel for soap and the plastic cotton buds for recyclable ones; buy liquid detergent in recycled plastic bottles and find a refill station tofill them up. Shampoo bars and toilet paper in recycled packaging are also available.2. In the US, 1bn plastic toothbrushes are thrown out each year, crea
30、ting some 50m pounds of waste. Try using bamboo toothbrushes instead which only take about six months to biodegrade back into the soil when you have to replace yourbrush.3. Carry reuseable fabric shopping bags.4.Try buying wholesale and putting dried products such as rice, pasta andlentils into glas
31、s jars to avoid buying products wrapped in plastic.5. Recycle old plastic childrens toys. Search for a toy library in yourarea to borrow from or donate to. And consider charity shops when looking for gifts.6. Carry a reuseable coffee cup or flask; 7m plastic-lined coffee cups are thrown away in the
32、UK every day.7. Say no to plastic cutlery. Carry a fork with you or use a compostable alternative.8. Ditch cling film wrap for your food. It cannot be recycled in most UK collections. Foil is recyclable, so use foil instead or reuseable plastic boxes.9. Use an electric razor instead of plastic dispo
33、sable one.10. Write to companies whose packaging is non-recyclable, asking them to consider using less destructive materials. Maybe even think about starting a social media campaign to raise awareness. Strength in numbers!This article was a mended on 3 January 2019. An earlier version suggested that
34、 12 moil barrels produced 100m plastic bags. That figure is more like 100bn bags. In addition, the estimate of 1bn plastic toothbrushes being thrown out each year relates just to the US, not globally. This has been corrected. It was further amended on 4 January 2019 to remove a reference to a brande
35、d product.Questions：1. According to this article, what impact plastic has had on the environment in the past months?A.The scale of pollution in the oceans becomes increasingly apparent.B.The species of fish have been reduced a lot.C.Polluted the air.D.Raising sea level.2. What can supermarkets do to
36、 reduce plastic pollution？A. Do not sell plastic products.B. No plastic packaged goods.C. Phasing out disposable plastic bags.D. Non-reusable plastic products.3.Which of the following is not true according to the passage?A. Plastics cannot be recycled.B. Virgin plastics are increasingly low in our d
37、aily lives.C. Consumers want to reduce the use of plastics.D. It takes a lot of resources to produce plastics.4.According to this article, which of the following methods can not reduce the use of plastics？A. Replace plastic toothbrush with bamboo toothbrush.B.Packaging goods with glass cans instead
38、of plastic packaging.C.Do not use plastic tableware.D.Massive use of preservative film.5. Where can we see the passage?A. In NovelB.In Fashion magazineC. In Environmental magazineD. In Advertisement文章导读：本文选择卫报上关于人与自然环境之间的垃圾问题，网址为文章大意：本文主要讲了，塑料污染的严峻现实，以及随着塑料污染越来越严重，人们开始意识到要减少塑料的使用量。在各大超市缩小塑料包装袋的使用和一次
39、性购物袋的使用量，以及如何减少塑料使用的10条建议。词汇点拨：reduce vt.换算;使变弱;vi.减少;减轻体重;apparent adj.易看见的，可看见的;貌似的，表面的;recycled v.回收利用( recycle的过去式和过去分词);再利用;force n.力;武力;（社会）势力;魄力;vt.强迫;强行;促使，推动;public adj.公共的;人人知道的，知名的;n.大众;社会;公共场所;（文学家等的）爱读者;descend vt.下来;向下倾斜;遗传下来;来自，来源于;vi.(from)起源（于）;是的后裔;(on)袭击; (to)把身份降至;ordinary adj.普通
40、的，平常的，正常的;平庸的，平淡的;n.普通，平常的人（或事）;regular adj.有规律的;规则，整齐的; n.常客; adv.定期地;经常地;短语精选：cling film食品薄膜switch to切换到，转到，转变成;转入by weight按重量计算way out出路;摆脱困境的办法，出口，太平门;活路;生路more than超过;不只是;很;在次以上end up in以结束;死set to打起来;大吃起来; 开始努力干;把脸转向made from由做成;由制造this year今年;本年度参考答案及解析：1. A【解析】根据文中Plastic has become perhaps
41、the mostdemonised material of the last 12 months, as the scale of pollution in theoceans becomes increasingly apparent在过去的12个月中，随着海洋污染的规模越来越明显，塑料可能已经成为最受妖魔化的材料。故选A2. C【解析】根据文中In Australia, public pressure led manysupermarkets this year to announce they were phasing out single-use plasticbags在澳大利亚，公众
42、的压力促使许多大卖场今年宣布，他们正在逐步淘汰一次性塑料袋。故选C3. A【解析】根据文中以及生活常识，Plastics can be recycled。塑料是可以循环使用的。故选A4. D【解析】根据文中Try using bamboo toothbrushes insteadwhich only take about six months to biodegrade back into the soil when you haveto replace your brush.试着用竹子牙刷代替，这种牙刷只需大约六个月的时间就能被生物降解成当你不得不更换你的刷子。以及Trybuying who
43、lesale and putting dried products such as rice, pasta and lentilsinto glass jars to avoid buying products wrapped in plastic试着批发购买，并将大米、意大利面和扁豆等干制品放入玻璃瓶，以避免购买用塑料包装的产品。.以及Say no to plasticcutlery.对塑料餐具说不。故选D5. C【解析】根据文中10 easy ways to reduce your plastics usein 20192019年减少塑料使用量的10个简单方法。可知这是一篇关于环保的文章故
44、选C译文：丢弃保鲜膜，改用肥皂：2019年减少塑料使用的10种简单方法在过去的12个月中，随着海洋污染的规模越来越明显，塑料可能已经成为最受妖魔化的材料。随着可怕的预测，如果不采取任何措施，到2050年，海洋中的塑料（按重量计）将比鱼类多，很明显，我们用无法循环利用的方式来解决塑料问题。每年超过800万吨的塑料最终流入我们的海洋。与此同时，维珍塑料的生产仍在快速增长，并且在未来10年内将跃升40%，因为更多的产品是由维珍塑料制成的，而不是由回收材料制成的。但是消费者的压力会迫使改变。卫报今年透露，仅超市就向市场投放了100万吨塑料包装。但他们越来越意识到，如果他们的客户失去信心，他们将赔钱。今
45、年早些时候接受调查的近四分之一的消费者表示，他们非常关注塑料包装。超过一半的人说他们正在尽其所能减少塑料的使用。在澳大利亚，公众压力导致许多超市今年宣布逐步淘汰一次性塑料袋。其中包括科尔、伍利和哈里斯农场。仅仅生产塑料就需要大量的资源单单在美国，每年生产1000亿个塑料袋就需要大约1200万桶的石油。今年，英国的冰岛超市引领了这一潮流，其他超市也开始效仿。冰岛承诺在五年内消除其商品上的塑料包装。那么，你能做些什么来减少你自己的塑料足迹，给超市和制造商施加压力，促使他们转向可重复使用的塑料产品，并大幅增加他们产品中回收塑料的数量呢？以下是十大建议：1.从家里开始。对你的家庭进行一次塑料审查。淋浴
46、瓶，除臭剂，洗涤液，洗发水。目的是通过在肥皂和塑料棉芽上喷洒可回收的胶水来减少，在回收塑料瓶中购买液体洗涤剂，并找到一个填充剂站来填充它们。洗发水酒吧和卫生纸也可回收包装。2.在美国，每年有10亿个塑料牙刷被扔掉，造成大约5000万磅的浪费。试着用竹制牙刷代替，当你需要更换牙刷时，只需要六个月的时间就可以生物降解回土壤中。3.携带可重复使用的织物购物袋。4.试着批发和放置干产品，如大米、意大利面和把小扁豆装进玻璃罐，以避免购买用塑料包装的产品。5.回收旧塑料儿童玩具。在您的向其借款或捐赠的区域。在寻找礼物的时候考虑慈善商店。6.携带可重复使用的咖啡杯或烧瓶；每天在英国丢弃7米塑料内衬咖啡杯。7.拒绝塑料餐具。随身携带叉子或使用可堆肥的替代品。8.用保鲜膜包住食物。在大多数英国收藏品中，它不能被回收利用。铝箔是可回收的，所以使用铝箔代替或可重复使用的塑料盒。9.用电动剃须刀代替一次性塑料剃须刀。10.给包装不可回收的公司写信，要求他们考虑使用破坏性较小的材料。甚至可以考虑发起一场社会媒体运动来提高知名度。数字力量！本条款于2019年1月3日修订。早期的版本建议1200万桶石油生产100万个塑料袋。这个数字更像是1000亿袋。此外，估计每年有10亿只塑料牙刷被扔掉，这只与美国有关，而与全球无关。这已经纠正了。它于2019年1月4日进一步修订，删除了对品牌产品的引用。
