1、高考题型规范练(二十)高考题型规范练第78页模块八Unit 1The written word.阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AHere are some of the strangest aviation(航空) ideas in recent history.Double-Decker SeatingIn 2015,Airbus filed a patent for a design for a double-decker cabin seating arrangement.Passengers would
2、sit one on top of the other,with upper-tier passengers climbing steps or a small ladder to reach their seats.While the design does have some advantages,the idea of climbing a ladder during flight seems unreliable.Separated CabinsThis patent was awarded to Airbus.Rather than waiting for a flight to a
3、rrive and be cleaned,passengers could simply board a ready cabin,which would be moved into the planes body as soon as it was ready.When the plane reached its destination,the cabin would be separated again.Different cabins with different kinds of seating or levels of comfort could be used for flights
4、 of different lengths or destinations.Windowless Cockpits(驾驶舱)For ideal design,airplane noses should be long and pointy.But theres the whole “pilots have to fit in the cockpit” problem.Well,what if the cockpit didnt have to go in the nose of the plane?Thats part of the thinking behind this Airbus pa
5、tent application,which suggests replacing the planes window with a digital viewing surface.Without a window,theres no reason the cockpit needs to go in the front of the plane - it could go in the middle of the plane,or even in the tail.Nap Straps(睡眠吊带)Airbus is not the only company in the strange pa
6、tents contest.Boeings got its own patent,Nap Straps.With this invention,passengers looking for a nap can find an “upright sleep system” beneath their seat.In action,the whole thing is somewhat like a traction device for someone whos been in a terrible accident.【语篇导读】本文是应用文。近几年各种奇特的飞机设计层出不穷,本文就介绍了其中几
7、个最为奇特的飞机上的设计。1.Which shows the disadvantage of double-decker seating?A.Crowded.B.Expensive.C.Small.D.Unsafe.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the idea of climbing a ladder during flight seems unreliable”可知,在飞行中爬梯子这种设计想法不可靠,可能出现安全问题。故选D项。2.Why are separated cabins designed?A.To improve flight speed.B.To save passen
8、gers time.C.To increase comfort level.D.To ensure passengers safety.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,机舱分离设计目的是让乘客可以提前登机,这样可以节省很多时间。故选B项。3.Which design is intended for pilots?A.Double-Decker Seating.B.Separated Cabins.C.Windowless Cockpits.D.Nap Straps.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But theres the whole pilots have to fit i
9、n the cockpit problem.”可知,这一设计的目标群体是飞行员。BOne hundred years ago,500,000 rhinos wandered around parts of Africa and Asia.But today,rhinos are threatened with extinction.If nothing is done to save them,they could vanish forever.Poachers(偷猎者) are killing rhinos for their horns.They do it to make money.I
10、n some countries,people pay high prices for rhino horn.They believe that eating ground-up rhino horn will make them healthy.But that isnt true.Rhino horn is made of keratin(角质).Thats the same thing your fingernails are made of.Eating it cannot make anyone healthy.Humane Society International is work
11、ing to help save rhinos.They wrote a children s book and produced a video to help spread the word.The book,Im a Little Rhino,was given to 1.5 million children in Vietnam.That country buys and uses the most rhino horn.“The goal is to educate children about rhinos in general,and introduce the threat t
12、hat poaching causes to their survival,” says Adam Peyman,program manager for HSIs wildlife department.“It also explains that rhino horn is not effective as medicine and encourages them and their families to avoid buying or using rhino horn.”Carter and Olivia Ries have been working to save rhinos for
13、 several years.“We made two trips to South Africa where we visited a dozen schools and met with government officials,” says Carter.“We gave the officials over 10,000 letters we collected from the youth around the world to show that the youth of the world care for rhinos.The next step was to bring th
14、at same message to the youth of Vietnam.”Carter and Olivia visited schools in Vietnam.They want kids to bring the message back to their parents that using rhino horn “is causing the species to be pushed to the edge of extinction.”【语篇导读】本文是记叙文。偷猎者的捕杀使得犀牛濒临灭绝,国际人道协会宣传教育人们保护犀牛。4.What does the underline
15、d word “vanish” in Paragraph 1 mean?A.Escape.B.Starve.C.Disappear.D.Expand.答案C解析词义猜测题。由第一段中的“500,000 rhinos wandered around”和“rhinos are threatened with extinction”可知,一百年前,有五十万只犀牛生活在非洲和亚洲,而现在犀牛已经濒临灭绝,如果人类不去保护犀牛,那么它们将会永远消失;由此可推断,vanish意为“消失”。5.Why do some people want to buy rhino horn?A.To seek pleas
16、ure.B.For health benefits.C.For personal collections.D.To produce artificial nails.答案B解析细节理解题。由第三段中的“They believe that eating ground-up rhino horn will make them healthy.”可知,在一些国家,人们出高价来买犀牛角是因为他们认为吃犀牛角粉有利于健康。6.How is Humane Society International helping to save rhinos?A.By introducing some tough new
17、 laws.B.By spreading knowledge about rhinos.C.By sending workers to guard against poaching.D.By explaining the importance of protecting the environment.答案B解析细节理解题。由第四段中的“They wrote a childrens book and produced a video to help spread the word.”以及第七段的描述可知,国际人道协会通过出书和制作视频来给孩子们传授关于犀牛的知识,希望孩子们可以把保护犀牛的知识
18、传递给家长。7.Whats Carter and Olivias purpose in visiting schools?A.To collect letters from young students.B.To collect materials for their new book.C.To raise money for rhino saving programs.D.To arouse peoples awareness of protecting rhinos.答案D解析推理判断题。由最后两段的描述可知,Carter和Olivia也在为保护犀牛做出贡献,他们去南非和越南的学校,希望学
19、生把“消费犀牛角会将犀牛逼上灭绝的边缘”这一信息传递给父母以及更多的人。CManta rays(魔鬼鱼) are some of the creatures in the ocean who allow divers to swim right up to and interact with them.Unfortunately,these gentle animals are in big trouble.Since 2011,manta rays have been listed as a threatened species worldwide.Peru,a country in Sou
20、th America,recently took a big step to protect giant manta rays:It banned fishing for them.Although 12 other countries have passed laws to protect rays,Perus may be the most important one yet.Thats because there are more manta rays in the Pacific Ocean near Peru than in any other place in the world.
21、Giant manta rays are unusual-looking creatures.The giant,flat rays are typically about 4.5 meters wide and can grow up to 8 meters wide!“Theyre sort of like giant flying carpets underwater,” says Joshua Stewart of the Manta Trust,an organization that researches manta rays.People catch rays for their
22、 meat.Overfishing is bad for any sea creature,but its even worse for manta rays.Female manta rays usually have only one baby,every two to five years.So every ray thats caught hurts the population in a big way.People who break Perus new law can be fined or have their fishing licenses taken away.Even
23、rays caught accidentally in fishing nets must be set free.Earlier this year,the Manta Trust attached video cameras,called Crittercams,to manta rays off the west coast of Mexico.The footage (连续镜头) the cameras collect could help researchers predict where rays swim and when.The scientists could use the
24、 information to warn fishing boats to avoid these areas,helping reduce the number of accidentally caught rays.Stewart says its important to protect these unique creatures.“Theres really no other animal that compares in size that you can have interactions with in the wild.”【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了秘鲁最新颁布的一项
25、关于禁止捕捞魔鬼鱼的法律。8.Whats a characteristic of manta rays?A.They can fly like a bird.B.They are usually of small size.C.They are very friendly to people.D.They like swimming up and down.答案C解析推理判断题。由第一段中的“Manta rays.allow divers to swim right up to and interact with them.”和“these gentle animals”可知,魔鬼鱼(学名蝠鲼
26、)是一种性情温和的海洋生物。9.Whats the current situation of manta rays?A.Their habitats are badly damaged.B.They only live in the Pacific Ocean.C.Their number has dropped greatly.D.Fewer and fewer female rays give birth.答案C解析推理判断题。由第一段中的“Since 2011,manta rays have been listed as a threatened species worldwide.”和
27、第四段中的“Overfishing is.even worse for manta rays.every ray thats caught hurts the population in a big way.”可知,由于过度捕捞和低繁殖率,魔鬼鱼的数量已急剧减少。10.Whats the Manta Trust also trying to do besides doing research on manta rays?A.Protect them.B.Look for more rays.C.Make films about them.D.Reduce their population.答案
28、A解析推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“use the information to warn fishing boats to avoid these areas,helping reduce the number of accidentally caught rays”可知,该组织通过追踪魔鬼鱼的行踪来提醒附近的渔民,以减少被意外捕捞的魔鬼鱼的数量,这也是对魔鬼鱼的一种保护。11.How does Stewart feel about Perus new law?A.It makes no sense.B.It is hard to follow.C.It is really essentia
29、l.D.It needs improvement.答案C解析推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Stewart says its important to protect these unique creatures.”可知,研究并致力于保护魔鬼鱼的Stewart认为秘鲁颁布的这项关于禁止捕捞魔鬼鱼的法律十分有必要。DThe city of Florence eats,sleeps and breathes art.Examples of man s artistic genius stand on nearly every street.Dozens of museums and art shops
30、 wait to be explored.During the Renaissance,Florence was a paradise for artists themselves.Before this time,art focused completely on religious subjects.Renaissance art began to include more variety.Artists painted pictures of ordinary people.They painted scenes from history and characters from Gree
31、k and Roman myths (神话).Michelangelo was the greatest of Florences artists.Visitors line up for hours at the Academia museum for a look at his impressive David.This 14-foot-high statue has become the ideal human figure of the Renaissance.David is an example of Michelangelos talent for sculpting peopl
32、e simply,yet powerfully.More of Michelangelos works can be seen in the great Palazzo Vecchio.Paintings and carvings of famous Italian artists fill the palace rooms.A short walk through the narrow streets of Florence brings visitors to the famous Uffizi Gallery.It has an outstanding art collection.Vi
33、sitors should be sure to wear comfortable shoes,as exploring the gallery takes many hours.Some of the most famous works in the collection include Botticellis Primavera and The Birth of Venus.Even visitors tired of art wont want to miss the Pitti Palace.Once home to Florences powerful Medici family,t
34、he large palace now houses three museums.Filled with priceless art,the countless rooms glitter (闪光) with gold decorations.For a breath of fresh air,wander among the statues and fountains of the palace gardens.To get a feel of modern Florence,join the evening walk.This traditional feature of Italian
35、life begins around 6 p.m.People walk down the streets of central Florence to do last-minute shopping or just chat with friends.Be sure to walk past Perch Noi,home of the oldest and best ice cream in the city.Florence has given the world many great art treasures.Some stand in gardens and squares.Othe
36、rs line the walls of beautiful palaces.Still others are the palaces themselves.For art lovers,Florence is indeed paradise.【语篇导读】本文是说明文。意大利佛罗伦萨是艺术爱好者的天堂,拥有众多的艺术博物馆。12.What can we learn about Renaissance art?A.Its diversity increased.B.It reflected artists life.C.Its subjects changed completely.D.It c
37、entered on religious characters.答案A解析细节理解题。由第二段中的“Renaissance art began to include more variety.characters from Greek and Roman myths.”可知,文艺复兴时期的艺术逐渐包含更多种类。13.What are visitors to the Uffizi Gallery advised to do?A.Take some food and drinks.B.Wear comfortable walking shoes.C.Have a look at Michelang
38、elos David.D.Have a taste of the high-quality ice cream.答案B解析细节理解题。由第五段中的“Visitors should be sure to wear comfortable shoes,as exploring the gallery takes many hours.”可知,游客一定要穿着舒适的鞋子去参观,因为探索乌菲齐美术馆需要花好几个小时。14.What can visitors do in the Pitti Palace?A.Enjoy outdoor sculptures.B.Purchase a few modern
39、treasures.C.Appreciate Botticellis The Birth of Venus.D.Get to know the history of the Medici family.答案A解析细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“For a breath of fresh air,wander among the statues and fountains of the palace gardens.”可知,游客在Pitti Palace的花园里可以欣赏雕塑和喷泉。15.What would be the best title for the text?A.Florences Gr
40、eatest ArtistsB.Florence,Art Lovers ParadiseC.Renaissance Art and ArchitectureD.The Artistic Development of Florence答案B解析主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了佛罗伦萨浓厚的艺术气息以及适合艺术爱好者去探索的众多博物馆,文章最后一句“For art lovers,Florence is indeed paradise.”也是对全文的总结,故B项作标题符合文章主旨。.七选五(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
41、Should Students Get Paid for Good Grades?Parents have been paying students for grades for decades,but the trend is now catching on even with the schools.In fact,some schools are now offering cash incentives(奖励) to their students in order to get them to succeed.The question remains,however:Is it real
42、ly good for students?16 Read up on the advantages and disadvantages,and decide for yourself.Many studies have shown that people will work harder when theyre getting something out of it.Money is a great motivator when you have something you need or want to buy.17Therere many students leaving high sch
43、ool with no idea about finances.If they really want something,they ask for it and sometimes get it.Many of todays children believe that they can pretty much get whatever they want without having to work for it.18However,for many students,paying them for grades proves to be only a temporary solution
44、to a greater problem.A child who already has a desire to learn will continue to learn even if money isnt involved.19 The work will end up outweighing the benefit in the end,and they will soon stop trying as hard.20 Its up to you to decide.Perhaps try it for one school year,and if it works,keep it up
45、.If you notice your child starts to slack(松懈) even with the promise of money,take away the money incentive and offer something else instead.A.This doesnt always work for students.B.Or is it actually just harming them in the long run?C.Some children do better than others with being paid.D.Paying stud
46、ents for good grades will motivate them to work harder.E.A child with no desire to learn will only learn because of the reward offered.F.A financial incentive might be just the thing for your child,or it might not be.G.Receiving money for grades shows them they have to work to get something.答案与解析【语篇
47、导读】本文是议论文。文章主要讨论了学生是否应该因为好成绩而得到奖励。16.B由该空前的“The question remains,however:Is it really good for students?”可知,B项内容“还是这样做从长远看来对学生有害?”符合此处语境。17.DD项中的motivate和work harder与该段中的a great motivator和work harder相呼应。18.G由该段中的“with no idea about finances”以及该空前的“Many of todays children believe.without having to work for it.”可知,G项内容“因为成绩好而收到钱告诉他们,要得到某个东西他们必须付出努力”符合此处语境。19.EE项与该空前的“A child who already has a desire to learn will continue to learn even if money isnt involved.”形成对比,一个没有学习动力的孩子只会因为提供的奖励而去学习。20.F由该空后的“Its up to you to decide.”可知,金钱奖励可能适合你的孩子,也可能不适合。
