1、主旨大意题专练(一)文章大意类A2019湖南省师大附中高三检测 Almost every day we come across situations where we have to make decisions one way or another. Choice, we are given to believe, is a right. But for a good many people in the world, in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, something wonderful but hard to get, no
2、t a right. And for those who think they are exercising their rights to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion (幻觉), a false idea created by companies and advertisers, hoping to sell their products. The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in peoples lives. Buying something as basic as
3、 a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people, ending in the shoppers giving up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted. Recent studies have shown that many electrical goods bo
4、ught in almost every family are not really needed. More difficult decisionmaking is then either avoided or trusted to the hands of the professionals, lifestyle instructors, or advisors. It is not just the availability of the goods that is the problem, but the speed with which new types of products c
5、ome on the market. Advances in design and production help quicken the process. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The typical example is computers, which are almost outofdate once they are bought. This indeed makes sel
6、ection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease into a shop and buy one thing; no choice, no anxiety.体裁：议论文题材：介绍说明主题：选择并非一种权利【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，当今社会，很多人误以为选择是自己拥有的一项权利。其实，在很多情况下，那只是一种幻觉，不过是被一些公司或广告商为了出售他们的产品而营造的一种错误想法。【难句分析】And for those who think they are exercising their rights
7、to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, a false idea created by companies and advertisers, hoping to sell their products.分析：本句是一个复合句，for those who think they are exercising their rights to make choices 是介词短语在句子中作状语，其中who think they are exercising their rights to make choices是定语从句，修饰
8、前面的those；主句部分为the whole system is merely an illusion, 句型为：主语系动词表语；a false idea created by companies and advertisers. products为同位语，其中created by companies and advertisers为后置定语，hoping to sell their products 为伴随状语。译文：对那些认为在行使他们的权利作出选择的人来说，这一整个制度不过是一个幻觉，它是由一些公司和广告商希望出售他们的产品而营造出来的错误想法。1What does the autho
9、r try to argue in the first paragraph?AThe practice of choice is difficult.BChoice is a born right.CIts easy to make choices.DCompanies offer good shopping choice.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“But for a good many people in the world, in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, something wonderful but ha
10、rd to get, not a right.”可知，作者认为对世界上的很多人来说，选择并非是一种权利，无论是在贫穷的国家还是在富有的国家中，选择对他们来说其实是一种奢侈品，很美好但很难得到。也就是说选择是很难做到的，故选A项。2Which of the following is most likely to cause anxiety?AEasy access to everyday goods.BToo many choices.CMisleading advertisements.DProfessional shopping advice.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Th
11、e endless choice gives birth to anxiety in peoples lives.”可知，无休止的选择催生出人们生活中的焦虑，即人们焦虑是因为选择太多而导致的，故选B项。3The example of computers is used to prove that _.Aupdated products flood the marketBhightech products are of poor qualityCeveryday goods need to be replacedDadvanced products are in demand答案与解析：A考查推
12、理判断。根据最后一段中的“Advances in design and production help quicken the process. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The typical example is computers, which are almost outofdate once they are bought.”可知，产品的设计和生产方面的进步加速了(产品)被推向市
13、场的进程，产品也需要缩短使用期，电脑便是其中的一个例子。由此可以推断，作者以电脑为例，证明市场上充斥着更新的产品，故选A项。4What is this passage mainly about?AThe opinions on peoples right.BThe problems of the availability of daily goods.CThe helplessness in purchasing decisions.DThe variety of choices in modern society.答案与解析：C考查主旨大意。纵观全文，尤其是文章最后一句“Gone are t
14、he days when one could just walk with ease into a shop and buy one thing; no choice, no anxiety.”可知，本文主要讲述了人们在购物时因为选择太多而无法简单选择的现状，故选C项。B2019郑州高三第一次质量预测 Are you a procrastinator (拖延者)? Its a common problem. And it can be harmful, as previous research has shown that people who procrastinate have highe
15、r levels of stress and lower wellbeing, reported the Association for Psychological Science in the US. But a new study has found a way to deal with this problem: Be more connected to your future self. Psychologists think that each person believes that they are really two people ：“Present Me” and “Fut
16、ure Me”. “People act as if they prefer their current selves needs and desires to those of their future selves，” wrote psychologists Neil Lewis and Daphna Oyserman. Oyserman and Lewis decided to try to find a way to make “Present Me” imagine exactly how “Future Me” would feel the night before a big p
17、aper was due, though “Present Me” hadnt started yet. They made “Present Me” think about a faroff event a number of days away, not months or years. Thinking about events in this_way meant that something like a friends wedding seemed 16.3 days sooner when considered in days rather than months and 11.4
18、 months sooner when considered in months rather than years. The researchers also tried to find out whether people would take action sooner if they were told a certain event was happening in several days rather than years. For example, participants imagined they had a newborn child, and that the chil
19、d would need to go to college in either 18 years or 6,570 days. The researchers found those in the “days” condition planned to start saving four times sooner than those in the “years” condition. So if you think of your life in days instead of years, you may get things done quicker.体裁：说明文题材：科学研究主题：如何
20、应对拖延症【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，探究了一种应对拖延症的方法。【熟词生义】due 常用义；adj.因为，由于例句：The teams success was largely due to her efforts.这个队的成功在很大程度上是她努力的结果。本句义：adj.到期例句：Payment is due on 1 October. 付款期限为10月1日。【难句分析】The researchers also tried to find out whether people would take action sooner if they were told a certain event
21、 was happening in several days rather than years.分析：本句是一个主从复合句。whether引导宾语从句，作find out的宾语；if引导条件状语从句；“a certain event was happening in several days rather than years”是省略了that的宾语从句，作told的宾语。译文：研究人员也试图弄清楚如果人们被告知某事将在几天而不是几年后发生，他们是否会更快采取行动。5What did Oyserman and Lewis intend to do through their study?AT
22、o work on a solution to test if someone is a procrastinator.BTo find out whether human beings usually have two different characters.CTo discover procrastinators are more likely to have a lower sense of wellbeing.DTo prove its helpful to connect our current selves more with future selves.答案与解析：D考查细节理
23、解。根据对第三段的整体理解可知，Oyserman和Lewis想要通过他们的研究去验证把“现在的我”和“将来的我”联系起来是否会对应对拖延症有一定的帮助，故选D项。6The underlined part “this way” in Paragraph 4 refers to “_”Asetting up tough deadlinesBfollowing schedules strictlyCcounting in smaller units of timeDimagining how your future self will feel答案与解析：C考查词义猜测。承接第三段最后一句“They
24、 made Present Methink about a faroff event a number of days away, not months or years”可推知，画线部分是指用更小的时间单位去计量，故选C。7What helps prevent people from procrastinating?AComparing their future selves with present selves.BConsidering their current selves needs and desires.CThinking about faroff events in days
25、 rather than years.DMarking important events on a calendar as a reminder.答案与解析：C考查推理判断。根据第五段的内容以及最后一段“So if you think of your life in days instead of years, you may get things done quicker”可推知，用天而不是用年去考虑将来所发生的事情会帮助拖延者不再拖延，故选C项。8What does the passage mainly talk about?AA way to get things done in tim
26、e.BThe harmful effects of procrastination.CThe reason to overlook future needs and desires.DThe way to reduce stress and improve happiness.答案与解析：A考查主旨大意。根据第一段最后一句“But a new study has found a way to deal with this problem: Be more connected to your future self”，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要探究了一种应对拖延症的方法，故选A项。C
27、2019昆明市教学质量检测 Fiveyearold Prisilla Perez, a student at Meador Elementary School in Willis, was unhappy with her recent haircut, which resulted from a severe disease. When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy, she felt ashamed, often crying and losing focus in school. Her teacher, Sha
28、nnon Grimm, sympathized with her unhappiness. Grimm and Prisillas mom were concerned, but their ideas didnt work. “We had classroom discussions about how girls have short hair and boys have long hair, and I showed them photos of movie stars with different looks，” Grimm said. “However, it wasnt sinki
29、ng in.” Grimm thought about Prisilla throughout the winter break, and one morning, she had an idea: Cut off her hair a scary thought for Grimm, who wore her hair long and took pride in it. “Ive never had short hair, and I stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision，” she said. On Jan. 4
30、, Grimm invited a hairstylist friend to her home. “I told him to keep going, even if I cried，” she said. The class loved their teachers new do, especially Prisilla, who excitedly ran off the school bus that afternoon yelling, “Mom, Ms. Grimm cut her hair！” The teacher also bought matching bows for h
31、erself and the girl, so they could style their hair together. In February, the teacher recommended Prisilla for the school districts Student of the Month Award, but during the Monday ceremony, she received a surprise “hero medal” from the girl. “Now we have matching awards，” says Grimm. Prisillas mo
32、ther, Maria, said that Grimms thoughtfulness brought her to tears. “I was shocked. I was crying. I couldnt believe it she did something I wouldnt have the bravery to do. I will never forget that.”体裁：记叙文题材：学校生活主题：Grimm老师剪短头发以帮助Prisilla【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Grimm老师剪短头发以帮助学生Prisilla的故事。【熟词生义】do常用义：v.做例句：
33、Have you done your homework yet？你做完家庭作业了吗？本句义：n.发型例句：We all like her new do. 我们都喜欢她的新发型。【难句分析】I couldnt believe it she did something I wouldnt have the bravery to do.分析：句中“I wouldnt have the bravery to do”是省略了关系代词that的定语从句。译文：她做了连我都没有勇气去做的事儿，我难以相信。9Why was Prisilla unhappy at school?AShe wasnt satis
34、fied with her teacher.BShe couldnt concentrate in class.CShe was laughed at by her classmates.DShe couldnt get on well with others.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句“When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy, she felt ashamed, often crying and losing focus in school”可知，Prisilla在学校不开心是因为她被同学嘲笑，故选
35、C项。10What made Grimm have her own hair cut?APraise from her students.BDevotion to her students.CRequest of Prisillas mother.DSuggestion from the hairstylist.答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“Grimm thought about Prisilla. she had an idea: Cut off her hair”可知，Prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，为了安慰Prisilla, Grimm老师决定把自己的头
36、发剪短。由此可推知，Grimm老师出于对学生的关爱才剪短了头发，故选B项。11What can we know about Grimm?AShe had her hair cut together with Prisilla.BShe expressed her sincere thanks to her pupils.CShe hesitated a lot before having her hair cut.DShe won a gold medal for facing difficulties bravely.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第三段第二句中的“Ive never ha
37、d short hair, and I stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision”可知，Grimm老师剪短头发之前很犹豫，故选C项。12What is the text mainly about?AHow Grimm helped her student out.BWhat problem Prisilla had at school.CWhy Prisilla won the Month Award.DWhen Grimm got her new hairstyle.答案与解析：A考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，Prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，她在学校很不开心，Grimm老师为了帮助、安慰她剪短了自己的头发，故选A项。
