1、Period 4 Grammar学习目标 1.复习定语从句的用法 2.关系代词、关系副词的选用 学习重点：掌握定语从句的用法学习难点：如何确定定语从句中的关系词课前预习： Finish activities 15 about attributive clauses on pages 5455.使用说明与学法指导：借助预习案中的语法讲解，复习定语从句的用法，完成时间25分钟。教材助读：I. 观察教材54页上 Activity 1中的例句，找出引导关系词，并结合已学的定语从句知识完成下列表格。关系代词的用法：关系代词主语宾语定语指人指物关系副词的用法：关系副词指代先行词所充当的成分时间时间名词状语
2、地点地点名词状语原因reason状语II. Finish activities 15 about attributive clauses on pages 5455.课内探究：质疑解疑，合作探究质疑探究：完成并观察下列句子，试指出他们的区别1.Do you remember the day _ he came to see you?2.Do you remember the day_ we spent in the woods?3.This is the house _ he lived last year.4.This is the house _ he visited last year.
3、5.I know the reason _ he did not come to the meeting.6.I know the reason _ he explained at the meeting.教师点拨：先行词是表时间、地点、原因的名词时，用关系副词还是关系代词引导定语从句，要看它在从句中起副词作用做状语还是起代词作用做宾语。【归纳总结】一、 定语从句与关系词 定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，连接定语从句和先行词的词叫做关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词两类。关系词的选用应根据其在从句中充当的句子成分来确定。二、 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语
4、从句 限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代词；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响句子的意思，常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整个句子，关系词不能省略。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，与which的区别：（1） 当被修饰的是整个句子时，只能由as或which引导非限制性定语从句。（2） as引导的非限制性定语从句，位置比较灵活，可放在主句前、主句后，也可插在主句中；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。（3） as常译成“正如，像”；which常译成“这就使得，这一点”。
5、as通常用于：as has been said before 如上所述as may be imagined 正如可以想象出来的那样as is known to all / as we all know 众所周知as was expected 正如预料的那样as has been already pointed out 正如已经指出的那样as we all can see 正如我们都会看到的那样6 只能用that引导的场合 1. 先行词是 all, few, little, much, something, everything, anything, nothing等不定代词时 All that
6、 we have to do is to practise every day. 2. 先行词是序数词或形容词最高级，或被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时 The first lesson that I learnt will never be forgotten. 3. 先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some等词修饰时 I have read all the books that you gave me. 4. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last所修饰时 He is the very person t
7、hat Im waiting for. 5. 当先行词既包括人又包括物时 He talked about the men and the books that attracted him. 6. 当主句是以who或which引起的特殊疑问句时，为了避免重复，常用that代替关系词 who或which。 Who is the person that is standing at the gate？四、 “介词关系代词”用法 1. 介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配 eg：Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands? (shake hand
8、s with是习惯性搭配) 2. 介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配） eg：He built a telescope through which he could study the skies. (through which 即through the telescope) 3. 当关系代词作“动词介词”固定短语的宾语时，此时含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。 eg：This is the watch which youre looking for. 4. 当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词不能省略。介词后不能用关系代词that. eg: This is the s
9、chool at which I used to teach. 5. 表示所属关系时，介词用of, 构成“the +名词+of which / whom”或“of which / whom+the +名词”的形式，相当于“whose +名词”。 eg: I live in the room, the window of which / of which the window / whose window is open.五、 关系代词as引导的限制性定语从句 “the same名词”，“such名词”，后通常用as引导定语从句。 the same名词 as 与一样 （同一类事物） the sa
10、me名词 that 与一样 （同一件事物） a.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 这是和我昨天丢失的一样的笔（不是同一支笔）。 b.This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 这是我昨天丢失的那支笔（同一支笔）。 suchas 像一样的, as 引导定语从句，as在从句中要作成分 suchthat 如此以至于，that引导结果状语从句，that在从句中不作成分 a.This is such an exciting film as all of us want to see.这是一部激动人心的、我们所有
11、人都想看的电影。(as引导定语从句，作宾语) b.This is such an exciting film that all of us want to see it.这部电影如此激动人心，以至于我们所有人都想看。(as引导状语从句，起引导作用，不作成分)六、 the way后的定语从句 1.当先行词是the way (方式、方法) 时，关系词在从句中作主语时，用that/ which. 2.当先行词是the way (方式、方法) 时，关系词在从句中作宾语时，用that/ which / . 3.当先行词是the way (方式、方法) 时，关系词在从句中作方式状语时，用that/in w
12、hich/ . eg:1.The way that/ which helps me a lot is a good way . 2. I cant understand the way that/ which / he chose to solve the problem 3. I cant understand the way that/ in which/ he solved the problem.七、 当先行词是situation（情况、情境）,point（点、程度），case（情形、案例），position（位置），stage（阶段）等，且先行词在定语从句中作状语时，常用关系副词wh
13、ere引导定语从句。 1. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _he is likely to lose control over the plane. A.where B.which C.when D.why解析：正确答案是A，关系词在从句中作状语，where：“在此情况下”，还可以用in which 来代替，句意为：他使自己身临险境他很可能失去对飞机的控制。 2. I have reached a point in my life_I am supposed to make decisions of my own. A.which B.w
14、here C.how D.why 解析：正确答案是B，句意为：我已经到了应该为自已做决定的那个人生阶段了。本题的先行词是point，代入定语从句后为I am supposed to make decisions of my own at the point，由此可知先行词在定语从句中做状语，故用关系副词where。高考对定语从句的考查，从明确表地点的名词作先行词，转为地点的模糊化。八、 定语从句中的主谓一致 “one of +复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时，从句的动词通常用复数； “the only one of + 复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。 He is
15、 one of the students who have made great progress. Mr. Wang is the only one of my friends who has been invited to have dinner with us.当堂检测：1. The best work _ Luxun wrote and _ I have read has been made into a film. A. which; that B. that; C. ; that D.;2.Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to w
16、ho spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3.This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which5.That is the day _Ill never forget. A.
17、which B. on which C. in which D. when6.Is this house _ Shakespeare was born? A. where B. which C. in which D. at which7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there8.It was in 1969 _ two Americans got to the moon by space ship. A. when
18、B. which C. that D.9.Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C.about that you talked D.that you talked10.The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. wh
19、om B. who C. which D. that12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13.Is there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. whos C. which D. whose14. Have you ever asked him the reason _ may explain his being late? A. why B.
20、 that C. for which D. what15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday. A. which B. Who C. What D. as16.He isnt such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as17. Farming is difficult _ there is no rain. A.where B. in the place C. that D. the place where18. Li Ming, _to the conce
21、rt enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him19. I dont like _ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what课后反
22、思: 课后训练：1.情景导学上的语法专练和高考链接2.下一课时的课前预习练习题课后学习指导: 掌握并能正确运用定语从句。 Period 4 Grammar质疑探究：Answers:1.when 2.that/ which/ 3.where 4.that/ which/ 5. why 6.that/ which/ 当堂检测： 答案详解1. C. 如果两个定语从句并列，关系代词作宾语时前一句的可以省略，但后一句的不可省略，故应选C。2C. 和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾
23、语，可以省略。3. D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。4. C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。5A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。6A.将此句变为陈述句；This house is _ Shakespeare was born.显然is后是一表语从句，只有选where(the place where)才能表达“这是莎士比亚的出生地”这一意思，故答案为A。7. A. 解析见第3题。8. C. 强调时间in 1969,强调结构是“It was强调部分that句”，故应选C。9. A. “谈到某事
24、物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。10. A. with which是介词+关系代词结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有用的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语.12. D. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works wi
25、th the engineer.13. D. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.14. B.此题易误选A、C，因为先行词是the reason,但细观察分析，定语从句缺少主语，所以答案是B。注意what不能引导定语从句。15. D. the same.as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.16. D. such as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.17. A. 因为difficult是形容词，故其后不是定语从句。这儿的空白处应填引导状语从句where (in the pl
26、ace where), 全句表达“在没有雨水的地方耕种困难”。这一意思，可见答案为A。18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.19. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成suchas或the sameas固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用such a.,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.20. B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.