1、词义猜测题专练(一)词汇猜测类A2019湖北八校3月联考 The pumpkin (南瓜) theme is everywhere at Butlers Orchard in Germantown, Maryland. It has thousands of pumpkins, including a pumpkin patch where people can pick their own pumpkin. There are also other things to do, like riding a pony, rushing down a slide or walking around
2、 a corn maze with its confusing winding pathways. Some children discover the big orange fruits way more than they think. Visitors can pick their own in season fruits, vegetables and flowers. Butlers Orchard opened more than sixty years ago, as one of the first pick your own farms in the area. Ken Me
3、rriam brought his children. He says Butlers Orchard brings back good memories of growing up on a farm in Honduras. “Its a little bit of what I used to have as a kid, so thats why I think its nice to bring them over here. Get them out of the city.” Shirley Butlers grandchildren who are in their 30s a
4、re now the third generation to run the farm. General manager Tyler Butler says children who usually only see pumpkins in grocery stores can learn how pumpkins are grown.“I didnt know pumpkins came from a vine. There are flowers on this vine. There are roots.” These little girls are learning about pu
5、mpkins during their first trip to a pumpkin patch to feel the nature and the fruits. For Tristan Piazzas mother, the Fall Festival is an annual event. “My parents have always brought me. I bring my kid now. I hope he stays in the area and he can bring his kids.” Since family funds are hard to keep_a
6、float these days, Tyler Butler appreciates the tens of thousands of visitors who come to the Fall Festival each year.体裁：记叙文题材：日常活动主题：自助果园巩固了家庭的关系【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了Butler自助果园的一些活动项目和它对于他人的家庭所起到的独一无二的作用。【难句分析】It has thousands of pumpkins, including a pumpkin patch where people can pick their own pumpk
7、in.分析：本句主句是It has thousands of pumpkins, 后面的介词短语作状语，状语中含有where引导的定语从句，其先行词为a pumpkin patch, where 在从句中作地点状语。译文：这个果园有数以千计的南瓜，包括一片南瓜地，在那里人们可以采摘他们自己的南瓜。1At Butlers Orchard, visitors can experience _.Apicking vegetables in personBgrowing vegetables by themselvesCtasting fruits off seasonDselling pumpkin
8、s online答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第一段倒数第二句“Visitors can pick their own in season fruits, vegetables, and flowers”可知，游客可以在Butler果园里亲自采摘时令的水果、蔬菜和鲜花，故选A项。2Why did Ken Merriam take his children to the farm?AThey want to run it.BThey want to grow vegetables.CIt reminds him of his childhood.DIt provides them with f
9、un activities.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第二段第二句“He says Butlers Orchard brings back good memories of growing up on a farm in Honduras”可知，他带孩子来这里是因为这里让他想起了他的童年，故选C项。3Which of the following best explains “keep afloat” underlined in the last paragraph?AGuarantee. BEarn.CExpand. DSpend.答案与解析：A考查词义猜测。根据对画线短语所在句的理解可
10、知，本句是说果园的经营者对来果园参加节日活动的游客表示感激，因为这些日子果园的资金有些周转不开。由此可推知，画线短语和guarantee“保证”含义相近，故选A项。4Whats the main idea of the passage?AThe Fall Festival is an annual event.BPumpkins at Butlers Orchard are organic.CPick your own farms are increasingly popular.DButlers Orchard strengthens the bond of the family.答案与解析
11、：D考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了Butler果园的一些活动项目和它在巩固他人家庭关系上发挥的作用，故D项最能概括文意。B2019山西太原五中阶段检测 The Arctic Circle the habitat of polar bears and decreasing sea ice at the top of the world hit 32 degrees Celsius last week. This was the temperature in Banak, Norway on July 30, though some Norwegian areas even reach
12、ed a couple degrees warmer, according to the European Severe Weather Database. Banak sits atop northern Europe, over 350 miles above the bottom edge of the Arctic Circle. The Northern Hemisphere and Europe itself have been repeatedly scorched by both record and nearrecord temperatures this summer as
13、 a consequence of overall rising global temperatures. In the past 40 years, Earths climate has experienced an accelerated warming trend, which adds an extra level of background warming to hot spells making heatwaves more extreme, climate scientists have said. A photo of what appears to be Scandinavi
14、an folks taking a dip in a river while reindeer the coldadapted herbivores (食草动物) cooled off in the water beside them is perhaps the best example of just how hot it is in parts of the Arctic Circle right now. The “warm season” in Banak is short, lasting around three months, but the very warmest day
15、of the year, around July 23, is usually around 62 degrees Fahrenheit (华氏度) about 30 degrees cooler than temperatures there now. Overall, temperatures in northern Europe are between 14 to 21 degrees Fahrenheit, 10 to 6 degrees Celsius above average. Alltime temperature records were set in both Norway
16、 and Finland on July 30, including 86 degrees Fahrenheit, 30 degrees Celsius, in Cape Verde, near Banak, though extreme or nearrecord temperatures blanketed the region. Persistent heat and dryness this summer have transformed normally green European countries into brown and yellow lands, and the con
17、tinents extreme heat is expected to persist. Andrew Derocher, a professor at the University of Alberta who studies polar bears, said climate change is shrinking the ice bears usually hunt on, making them faced with the danger of extinction.体裁：说明文题材：环境与自然主题：气候变暖对北极圈及北极熊的影响【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，由于全球变暖的速度不断加快
18、，作为北极熊栖息地的北极圈现在也面临着温度升高的状况。这样的环境变化对于北极熊的生存是很大的威胁。5Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “scorched” in Paragraph 3?ABurned. BAchieved. CScored. DReached.答案与解析：A考查词义猜测。根据第三段“The Northern Hemisphere and Europe itself have been repeatedly scorched by both record and nearrecord tem
19、peratures.”可知，今年夏天，由于全球气温总体上升，北半球和欧洲自身不断受到创纪录和接近创纪录气温的炙烤。因此，画线词的意思是“烧伤；烧焦”，故选A项。6What does the photo show according to the author?AScandinavian folks like to swim in a river.BReindeer have adapted to the cold climate.CThe ice there has totally been melted into water.DThe temperature of the Arctic Ci
20、rcle now is high.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第五段“A photo of what appears to be Scandinavian folks taking a dip in a river. is in parts of the Arctic Circle right now.”可知，喜冷的食草动物在水里凉快，证明了北极圈开始变热。因此，这张照片表明现在北极圈的温度很高，故选D项。7What can you learn from Professor Derochers words?AMaybe bears will die out in the near futu
21、re.BClimate change is threatening polar bears.CHe is worried about the shrinking of the sea ice.DHe advises people to do something to improve the condition.答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据最后一段“Andrew Derocher. said climate change is shrinking the ice bears usually hunt on, making them faced with the danger of extin
22、ction.”可知，气候变暖使得北极熊赖以生存的冰面减小，致使北极熊面临灭绝的危险。因此，从德罗彻教授的话中可以得知气候变化正威胁着北极熊(的生命安全)，故选B项。8Where may you find this article?AIn a fashion magazine. BIn a news report.CIn a geography textbook. DIn a travel handbook.答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据第一段“The Arctic Circle the habitat of polar bears and decreasing sea ice at the
23、top of the world hit 32 degrees Celsius last week.”可知，这篇文章是报道上周北极圈温度达到32摄氏度的新闻。因此，本文不可能出现在时尚杂志、地理教科书或旅游手册中，它最有可能出现在新闻报道中，故选B项。C2019山西六校第二次阶段性测试 Sleeping in a noisy room isnt only distracting (使人分心的), and it can also harm your health. Although researchers have known for decades that longterm loud noi
24、ses can harm us, its only recently become recognized as a widespread issue. In a new review of previously published studies, researchers from Germany and Denmark took a look at the ways in which noises, such as an airplane passing by or jackhammer digging in the ground, can affect our hearts. Perhap
25、s the most obvious impact of a loud sound while you are sleeping is that it can wake you up. But, even if you dont remember hearing the noise or you dont physically get out of bed, it can disrupt you in ways you may not realize. “Noise is not just causing annoyance, but it actually makes us sick，” s
26、aid Dr. Thomas Mnzel, a professor at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz. “Regardless of where the sound is coming from, if it gets louder than 60 decibels (分贝), it can increase the risk of heart disease.” When our body hears these noises, it reacts with a stress reaction. In this case, these sudden
27、 and unexpected noises cause hormones (荷尔蒙) to speed up and eventually damage the heart. Although the chance that a single noise will affect you is unlikely, its the constant exposure to the sound that can eventually affect you. “But our heart health isnt the only cause for concern. Longterm noise m
28、ay also raise the risk of type 2 diabetes, depression, and anxiety disorders，” he warns. In the future, Mnzel plans to examine how noises from cars, planes, and other vehicles affect the brain. But despite the amount or the depth of research he conducts, itll take the help of politicians to improve
29、the impact of noise on our health. “Politicians have to take into account, in particular, the new findings，” Mnzel said. “With respect to aircraft noise and airports, it is important to make new laws and set new lower noise limits that protect people living close by the airport instead of the owners
30、 of the airport.”体裁：说明文题材：科学研究主题：噪声的危害【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了德国和丹麦的研究人员研究噪声对人们健康产生的影响，呼吁政治家们关注噪声污染并采取措施解决噪声污染。9What do researchers from Germany and Denmark find?ANoise does little harm to people who are asleep.BNoise can cause peoples memory to get worse sharply.CNoise has been a widespread concern for a
31、 long time.DNoise louder than 60 decibels may cause heart disease.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句“Regardless of where the sound is coming from, if it gets louder than 60 decibels (分贝), it can increase the risk of heart disease”可知，答案为D项。10Which word can replace the underlined word “disrupt” in paragraph 2?AD
32、efeat. BHarm. CAffect. DDiscourage.答案与解析：B考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“But, even if you dont remember hearing the noise or you dont physically get out of bed, it can disrupt you in ways you may not realize”可知，但是，即使你忘记曾听到这样的噪声或者你并没有起床，噪声仍然以你察觉不到的方式对你造成伤害，故选B项。11What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?APolit
33、icians should take action to handle noise pollution.BMnzel will continue other studies on brain diseases.CBenefits of airport owners are more important than health.DAttention should be paid to heart health and other diseases.答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据最后一段“Politicians have to take into account, in particular,
34、the new findings，Mnzel said.With respect to aircraft noise and airports, it is important to make new laws and set new lower noise limits that protect people living close by the airport instead of the owners of the airport.”可知，政治家们必须考虑到这些调查结果。至于飞机噪声和机场，重要的是制定新的法规和更低噪声的限度来保护机场附近的居民而不是保护机场所有者的利益，故答案为A项。12Which can be the best title for the text?AWho Is to Blame for Noise PollutionBWhat Should Be Done to Stop NoiseCHow Mnzel Carried Out His ResearchDHow Noise Pollution Harms Our Body答案与解析：D考查标题判断。本文着重讲述了德国和丹麦的研究人员对于噪声如何影响人们的心脏进行了研究。听见噪声的时候，我们的身体会产生应激反应。在这种情况下，出乎意料的噪声会导致荷尔蒙分泌加快，最终损害心脏。答案为D项。