1、 Unit 5Nelson Mandelaa modern hero阅读理解阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。A(2018课标全国)Welcome to Holker Hall & GardensVisitor InformationHow to Get to HolkerBy Car:Follow brown signs on A590 from J36, M6. Approximate travel times:Windermere20 minutes, Kendal25 minutes, Lancaster45 minutes, Manchester1 h
2、our 30 minutes.By Rail: The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports.Opening TimesSundayFriday(closed on Saturday)11:00 am4:00 pm, 30th March2nd November.Admission ChargesHall & GardensGardensAdults:12.008.00Groups:
3、9.005.50Special EventsProducers Market13th AprilJoin us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.Holker Garden Festival30th MayThe event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of
4、the most popular events in gardening.National Garden Day28th AugustHolker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.Winter Market8th NovemberThis is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops sellin
5、g gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment. 1.How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?A.20 minutes.B.25 minutes.C.45 minutes.D.90 minutes.2.How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit Hall & Gardens?A.12.00. B.9.00. C.8.00. D.
6、5.50.3.Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show?A.Producers Market. B.Holker Garden Festival.C.National Garden Day.D.Winter Market.答案语篇解读本文是一篇应用文,介绍了到达Holker的方式、参观时间、参观费用和特殊活动。1.D细节理解题。根据题干中的from Manchester直接定位到文章How to Get to Holker部分中的Manchester1 hour 30 minutes,故选D项。2.B细节理解
7、题。根据题干中的a tour group和Hall & Gardens直接定位到文章Admission Charges部分中的Groups:9.00,故选B项。3.D细节理解题。根据题干中的see a live music show直接定位到文章Winter Market部分中的enjoying a live music show,故选D项。BToday, paper-making is a big business. But it is still possible to make paper by hand since the steps are the same as using big
8、 machines. You should use paper with small amounts of printing. Old envelopes are good for this reason. Colored paper also can be used, as well as small amounts of newspaper. Small pieces of rags or cloth can be added. These should be cut into pieces about five centimeters by five centimeters. Every
9、thing is placed in a container, covered with water and brought to a boil. It is mixed for about two hours with some common chemicals and then allowed to cool. Then it is left until most of the water dries up. The substance left, called pulp(纸浆), can be stored until you are ready to make paper. When
10、you are ready, the pulp is mixed with water again. Then the pulp is poured into a mould. The mould is made of small squares of wire that hold the shape and thickness of the paper. To help dry the paper, the mould lets the water flow through the small wire squares. After several more drying steps, th
11、e paper is carefully lifted back from the mould. It is now strong enough to be touched. The paper is smoothed and pressed to remove trapped air. You can use a common electric iron used for pressing clothes. 4.It is suggested that we “should choose paper with small amounts of printing” to.A.make pape
12、r by ourselvesB.renew the old envelopesC.make various colored paperD.create our own newspaper5.Whether the paper is strong enough to be touched is determined by.A.how long the pulp is storedB.how thick the paper isC.how much water remainsD.what type of chemicals are used6.When the paper is lifted ba
13、ck from the mould, it is time to.A.make it smoothB.make it strongC.decorate itD.use an iron7.The passage is most probably intended to .A.introduce the history of paper-makingB.describe the process of paper-makingC.compare the ancient with the modern paper-makingD.argue about the possibility of paper
14、-making by hand答案语篇解读本文属于说明文,作者讲述了如何手工做纸,并详细介绍了手工做纸的程序和方法。4.A推理判断题。根据第一段第二句But it is still possible to make paper by hand since the steps are the same as using big machines.可知主要讲述的是手工做纸的话题,所以在第二段中提出要选择那些印刷内容较少的纸张,目的就是自己做纸。故A正确。5.C推理判断题。根据第三段第三句Then it is left until most of the water dries up. The su
15、bstance left, called pulp(纸浆), can be stored until you are ready to make paper.以及最后一段中的After several more drying steps.可知剩下的水越少,说明纸浆就越多,那么生产出来的纸的质量也就越好,能够硬到让人去触摸。故C正确。6.A细节理解题。根据最后一段中的The paper is smoothed and pressed to remove trapped air. You can use a common electric iron used for pressing clothe
16、s.说明当纸从模具里拿出来以后,要对它进行熨烫,让它变平。故A正确。7.B主旨大意题。作者在本文中讲述的是如何手工做纸,并详细介绍了手工做纸的程序和方法。所以本文主要就是描述做纸的过程,故B正确。CAs trees across the northern areas turn gold and deep red, you can find autumn colors in parks and woodlands, in the cities, countryside, and mountains. People are wondering what these colors are for.
17、For years, scientists have worked to understand the changes that happen to trees in the autumn. Up to now there have been different explanations for why natural selection makes autumn colors so widespread.Dr.Hamilton from Oxford University proposed that bright autumn leaves contained a message: they
18、 warn insects to leave them alone. In the autumn, insects choose trees where they will lay eggs. When the larvae(幼虫)come out the next spring, they feed on the trees, often with a result of destruction of the trees. Dr. Hamilton suggested that trees could ward off these insects with poisons. They cou
19、ld have strong defenses by letting egg-laying insects know what was in store for their eggs.Dr.Hamilton and his students turned the theory into a mathematical model, which showed that warning signals could indeed drive the evolution(进化)of bright leaves. It was a first attempt to see what was out the
20、re.A research team from the University of Wisconsin gave a quite different explanation. “If you are up here in Wisconsin, by the time leaves change, all the insects that feed on leaves are gone,” Dr. Hoch said. He believed that autumn colors served mainly as protection.According to Dr. Hoch and his
21、team, autumn colors might be able to protect the leaves from sun damage or frost(冰冻)injuryin other words, they actually act as a sunscreen to avoid the destruction of the leaves. Besides, autumn colors might protect the leaves from water loss. If the cells in the leaves become dry, the connections b
22、etween the cells will be weakened and the leaves will break off.Although there are different explanations about autumn colors, it has really given them a deeper concern for this time of year. “People sometimes say that science makes the world less interesting by just explaining things away,” one fam
23、ous biologist said.“But with autumn leaves, the more you know about them, the more amazed you will be.”8.According to Dr. Hamilton, there is a connection between.A.the size of leaves and the survival of insectsB.the size of leaves and the behavior of insectsC.the size of leaves and the quality of in
24、sectsD.the size of leaves and the number of insects9.Dr. Hoch and his team give the explanation that.A.climate has an influence on the color of the leavesB.sun damage and frost injury drive the insects awayC.the color of autumn leaves has a protective functionD.autumn colors bring great destruction
25、to the leaves10.The underlined phrase “ward off” in Paragraph 2 probably means“”.A.catch B.attractC.ignore D.prevent11.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A.The evolution of colorful leavesB.The secret to autumn leaves changesC.The charming autumn colorsD.The role of leaves
26、being protection答案语篇解读秋天到了,叶子成了金黄色。在我们眼中这是美丽的秋景,可是科学家们却在研究叶子变成黄色是为了什么。秋天的叶子里藏着什么秘密?8.D推理判断题。根据第二段中In the autumn, insects choose trees where they will lay eggs. When the larvae(幼虫)come out the next spring, they feed on the trees, often with a result of destruction of the trees.可知幼虫以树叶为食,所以树叶的大小和昆虫的数量
27、有关系。故选D项。9.C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中According to Dr. Hoch and his team, autumn colors might be able to protect the leaves from sun damage or frost(冰冻)injuryin other words, they actually act as a sunscreen to avoid the destruction of the leaves.可知秋天的树叶有保护作用,金黄色保护叶子免受伤害,故选C项。10.D词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词前一句When the larvae
28、(幼虫)come out the next spring, they feed on the trees, often with a result of destruction of the trees.和后一句They could have strong defenses by letting egg-laying insects know what was in store for their eggs.可知画线词的意思是“阻止”,故选D。11.B主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句As trees across the northern areas turn gold and deep red,
29、 you can find autumn colors in parks and woodlands, in the cities, countryside, and mountains.和最后一段中 “But with autumn leaves, the more you know about them, the more amazed you will be.”可知本文叙述的是秋天树叶变化的秘密。故选B项。DIf youve ever had to chop an onion, you probably know that its one of the most annoying coo
30、king experiences. It just fills your eyes with tears. Scientists and farmers have been working on a solution to this problem for decades, and theyve apparently come up with a tearless onion.Called the “Sunion”, this new vegetable is the result of a natural cross-breeding program thats been going on
31、farms in Nevada and Washington since the 1980s. Its supposedly a sweet, mild-tasting onion that doesnt leave that strong, pungent aftertaste, but what really sets it apart from most other onion varieties is that it doesnt cause teary eyes when its chopped.When you cut into a normal onion, it release
32、s a compound called lachrymatory-factor synthase, and when that hits your eyes, your body produces tears. Now, the interesting thing about regular onions is that the amounts of lachrymatory-factor synthase increase the longer the vegetables are stored, so the older they are, the more you will cry. I
33、n Sunions, on the other hand, the levels of that annoying compound drop as time goes by, until it no longer has any effect on your eyes when you cut it.Thats what Sunion growers are claiming anyway, but reports from those lucky enough to have tried them seem to confirm these claims. The Huffington P
34、ost had three of its reporters chop some Sunions, and apparently, none of them shed a single tear. According to the Washington Post, they dont have the pungency of regular onions and are so sweet that you can eat them “like popcorn”.So the good news is that tearless onions are now a real thing. The
35、bad news is that they are currently only grown in Washington and Nevada, and even though they are sold nationwide, they are still in relatively short supply. The first Sunion batches hit the shelves of grocery stores in December, but well probably start seeing them in most grocery shops and supermar
36、kets in the next few years, as more people learn about them.12.What is special about the Sunion?A.Its easily chopped.B.Its sweet and tastes strong.C.Its tearless and mild.D.Its grown nationwide in the USA.13.How does the author introduce the Sunion in Paragraph 3?A.By comparison.B.By telling a story
37、.C.By giving examples.D.By asking questions.14.What does the underlined word “pungency” in Paragraph 4 mean?A.Round shape. B.Strong smell.C.Special character.D.Medical function.15.What can we conclude from the last paragraph?A.The Sunion has been largely on the market.B.The Sunion is still on trial
38、at present.C.The Sunion will soon be grown worldwide.D.The author is confident about the future of the Sunion.答案语篇解读有过切洋葱经历的人一定会印象深刻:两眼泪水。美国两个州研究出了一种新型的洋葱,不会让人流泪而且还可以像吃玉米花那样吃它。12.C细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句中的theyve apparently come up with a tearless onion及第二段中Its supposedly a sweet, mild-tasting onion that d
39、oesnt leave that strong, pungent aftertaste, but what really sets it apart from most other onion varieties is that it doesnt cause teary eyes when its chopped.可知这种洋葱不会让人流眼泪且气味不浓。故选C项。13.A推理判断题。根据文章第三段可知,作者用普通洋葱与新型洋葱进行比较,故作者是运用了比较法。故选A项。14.B词义猜测题。根据其后半句are so sweet that you can eat them “like popcorn”可以猜测出pungency是“刺激性气味”之意。故选B项。15.D推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中The first Sunion batches hit the shelves of grocery stores in December,but well probably start seeing them in most grocery shops and supermarkets in the next few years,as more people learn about them.可知作者对Sunion的未来很有信心。故选D。