1、专题强化训练(十八).阅读理解A(2019都匀市第一中学月考)Louise Blanchard Bethune showed early promise in math. But Louise did not go to school. Instead, her father taught her at home until she was 11 years old. She also discovered a skill for planning houses. It developed into a lifelong interest in architecture and a place
2、 in history as the first professional female architect in the United States.After graduating from high school in 1874, Louise traveled and studied. She hoped to prepare herself to attend the new architecture school at Cornell University. But then Buffalos leading architectural firm of Richard AWaite
3、 and FW. Caulkins offered her a job. She knew that architects gained their training from practical experience, not from school. She took the job.Louise worked there as an assistant, 10 hours a day for five years. She learned and mastered drawing and architectural design. She also met her husband, Ro
4、bert ABethune. Their new firm, RA. and LBethune, opened in October 1881.Bethune appeared to be the strength of the business. At the turn of the 20th century, the city of Buffalo was rapidly expanding to meet the demands of growing industry. The firm received tasks to build hundreds of structures thr
5、oughout western New York. The firm designed lots of schools, apartment buildings, department stores, churches and factories.Bethune believed that being an architect meant being an artist, a scientist and a business person. She made a point of advocating for women in the profession. She became a memb
6、er of the Western Association of Architects(WAA) in 1885. In 1888, she was the first woman to join the American Institute of Architects(AIA). Besides, Bethune took a firm stand on equal treatment for women architects. She insisted on equal pay for equal work.Bethune left almost no papers or letters,
7、 and few people recognize her name today. But her legacy remains in the foothold she established for women in the field of architecture. She started her own firm and enjoyed a successful career.语篇解读：本文是一篇人物类阅读，介绍了Bethune尽管没有上过学，但是她对于建筑有很大的兴趣，她凭借自己的努力在建筑行业取得了很大的成功，并且还坚持平等地对待女性，要同工同酬。1When Louise Beth
8、une was a girl, she liked to _.Adesign buildingsBread picture books of buildingsCplay with toy housesDmake models of buildings解析细节理解题。根据第一段“She also discovered a skill for planning houses.”可知，她对于建筑感兴趣，故选A。答案A2Why did Louise Bethune give up going to university?AShe got married.BShe lacked money.CShe
9、started her own business.DShe wanted to learn through work.解析细节理解题。根据第二段“She knew that architects gained their training from practical experience, not from school. She took the job.”可知，她没有去上大学，她接受了公司的工作，她认为应该在工作中获得建筑的实际经验，而不是在学校里获得，故选D。答案D3What does the fourth paragraph show?ABethune s business was
10、a success.BBethune s city developed quickly.CAn architect should be an artist first.DWomen can be professional architects.解析段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知，公司设计了很多学校、公寓、商店、教堂和工厂等，Bethune的生意非常成功。故选A。答案A4What contribution did Louise Bethune make to society?AShe educated a lot of women architects.BShe wrote a lot of l
11、etters and papers.CShe founded the AIA and WAA.DShe fought for women s rights.解析细节理解题。根据第五段“Bethune took a firm stand on equal treatment for women architects. She insisted on equal pay for equal work.”可知，Bethune坚信女建筑师应该享受平等待遇，她坚持同工同酬。故选D。答案DB(2019河北衡水中学高三月考)It is not unusual for people to speak two
12、or three languages; theyre known as bilinguals or trilinguals. Speakers of more than three languages are known as polyglots. And when we refer to people who speak many languages, perhaps a dozen or more, we use the term hyperpolyglot.The most famous hyperpolyglot was Giuseppe Mezzofanti, a 19th cent
13、ury Italian cardinal(红衣主教), who was said to speak 72 languages. This claim sounds absurd. If_you_assume_each_language_had_20,000_words,_Mezzofanti_would_have_to_learn_a_word_a_minute,_six_hours_a_day,_for_eleven_yearsan_impossible_task. But Mezzofanti was tested by critics, and they were all impress
14、ed.Did Mezzofanti have an extraordinary brain? Or are hyperpolyglots just ordinary people with ordinary brains who manage to do something extraordinary through hard work?US linguist(语言学家) Stephen Krashen believes that outstanding language learners just work harder at it and then they acquire unusual
15、ly strong language ability. As an example, he mentions a Hungarian woman who worked as an interpreter during the 20th century. When she was 86, she could speak 16 languages and was still working on learning new languages. She said she learned them mostly on her own, reading fiction or working throug
16、h dictionaries or textbooks.Some researchers argue to the contrary. They believe that there is such a thing as a talent for learning languages. In the 1930s, a German scientist examined parts of the preserved brain of a hyperpolyglot named Emil Krebs, who could speak 60 languages fluently. The scien
17、tist found that the area of Krebs brain called Bocas area, which is associated with language，looked different from the Bocas area in the brains of men who speak only one language. However, we still dont know if Krebs was born with a brain ready to learn dozens of languages or if his brain adapted to
18、 the demands he put on it.Although it is still not clear whether the ability to learn many languages is born，theres no doubt that just about all of us can acquire skills in a second, third, or even fourth language by putting our mind to it.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一些会讲多种语言的人，并探讨了关于掌握多种语言的能力是否是天生的这一话题。5Wha
19、t does the underlined sentence imply?AMezzofanti could remember 360 words a day.BMezzofanti had a special way to learn languages.CMezzofantis achievement was ridiculous.DMezzofantis language ability was astonishing.解析句意猜测题。根据下文可知，Mezzofanti完成了这项几乎不可能完成的任务，且通过了评论家对他的测试；由此可推知，画线句应表明他的语言能力令人吃惊。故选D。答案D6
20、The Hungarian woman became a hyperpolyglot mainly because of her _.Agood memory Bhard workCunique brain Dlearning methods解析推理判断题。根据第四段的第一句和第三句可推知，这位Hungarian女士是因为自己的努力才学会了多种语言的。故选B。答案B7The German scientists findings showed that Krebs _.Ahad an unusual brainBwas born with great talentChad worked hard
21、 at languagesDexpected too much of himself解析细节理解题。根据第五段第四句可知，Krebs的大脑看起来和寻常人的不一样。故选A。答案A8What is the purpose of the text?ATo explain what hyperpolyglots do.BTo introduce some famous hyperpolyglots.CTo present new findings on hyperpolyglots.DTo explore if hyperpolyglots are born talented.解析写作意图题。通读全文
22、并结合最后一段可知，本文主要是为了探讨掌握多种语言的能力是否与自己的天赋有关这一问题。故选D。答案D.七选五阅读填空(2019石家庄市第二中学期末)People have always wanted to know what the future will look like. Then, how can we? _1_ The world has changed a lot in the past 150 years, but we humans are driven by the same basic needs as we were 150 years ago, such as food
23、, sleep, the feeling of being appreciated and loved. _2_ No. In addition, generally speaking, the inventions for the last 150 years have been a human effort for freedom and communication, to be able to get in control of the time and world. Since there is still much to do in this area, this will be t
24、he focus at least for the next 150 years.But why do we need to predict the future? Predicting the future is important for two reasons: First, we need to start to think about what kind of future we would like for ourselves and to pass on to the next generation. _3_How about the virtual worlds? It mig
25、ht be in the future to experience the sand between your toes, and hear the waves, just lying in your bed at home. _4_ So, even if a great invention is there for an affordable price, itll never take the place of the common experience if it is not real.5_ What well see in the next 50 years is the tran
26、sition(过渡) from an oildependent society to a new society. Here therell be new medicine, continued exploration of space, challenges in the climate change, and new inventions that make life a little easier.ASo what will the future look like then?BWill this change in the next 150 years?CPredicting the
27、future can help us in many ways.DHowever, youll never get the feeling of being there.EWell, to understand the future, you must know the past.FHowever, no matter how real the experience will feel, it doesnt happen for real.GThen we need to know what decisions we need to make today that will give the
28、best result in the future.语篇解读：这篇文章主要讲了我们想要更好的预测未来，就必须了解过去。1解析根据“The world has changed a lot in the past 150 years, but we humans are driven by the same basic needs as we were 150 years ago, such as food, sleep, the feeling of being appreciated and loved.”提到了过去，所以选E。(为了更好的理解未来，我们必须知道过去。)答案E2解析根据“No.
29、 In addition, generally speaking, the inventions for the last 150 years have been a human effort for freedom and communication, to be able to get in control of the time and world. Since there is still much to do in this area, this will be the focus at least for the next 150 years.”可知意思是：在接下来的150年，这些
30、会改变吗？故选B。答案B3解析由“Predicting the future is important for two reasons: First, we need to start to think about what kind of future we would like for ourselves and to pass on to the next generation.”可知意思是：然后我们需要知道今天什么样的决定，会给未来带来最好的结果，故选G。答案G4解析由“So, even if a great invention is there for an affordable p
31、rice, itll never take the place of the common experience if it is not real.”可知，然而不管这种经历有多么的真实，它都没有真实的发生，故选F。答案F5解析由最后一段内容可知选A。(那时候，未来看起来是什么样的？)答案A.短文改错(2019唐山期末考试)In the village store, John observed the little girl asking for cookies but her mother told her“no”. The girl immediate got angry, but the
32、 mother said，“Ellen, dont be upset.”Then in the candy area, the girl began to shout candies. After being told“no”again, he began to cry. The mother said，“Ellen, dont lose temper. Well check in.”John happened to be at the checkout, there the little girl burst into tears on finding no gum buying today
33、. The mother patiently said it，“Ellen, well go home soon.”John stopped the woman，“I couldnt help notice how patient you were with Ellen.”The mother breaks in，“My daughter is Tammy. Im Ellen.”答案In the village store, John observed little girl asking for cookies but her mother told her“no”. The girl go
34、t angry, but the mother said，“Ellen, dont be upset.”Then in the candy area, the girl began to shout candies. After being told“no”again, began to cry. The mother said，“Ellen, dont lose temper. Well check .”John happened to be at the checkout, the little girl burst into tears on finding no gum today. The mother patiently said ，“Ellen, well go home soon.”John stopped the woman，“I couldnt help how patient you were with Ellen.”The mother in，“My daughter is Tammy. Im Ellen.”