1、Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars.情景默写1.The Transition is now going through crash(碰撞)tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.(2017全国卷)2.These include custommade navigation(导航)tools，night vision systems(系统)and intelligent speed adaptations.(2017全国卷)3.Worse still，being addicted to
2、cell phones might also lead to teenagers poor performance at school，thus(因此)adding to the elders worries.4.His gentle(温和的)smiles and ready hands have always been our best prides.5.The finals of the match were going on in an exciting atmosphere(气氛) and won hearty applause at times.6.His brother recei
3、ved a degree of astronomy(天文学) when he graduated from college.7.Youd better pull(拉；拖) your car over to the side of the road if you must answer a phone call.8.Some fundamental(基本的) mistakes are not allowed to make when you are doing the work.9.As we know，the earth is becoming warmer and warmer due to
4、 the global climate(气候)change.10.Unlike(不像) most people in the office who come to work by car，I usually come to work by bus.11.If you multiply(乘)two and three, you will get six.12.Oxygen(氧气)is a kind of gas that is necessary for animals and plants to live.13.The young man knows little about Newtons
5、law of gravity(重力).14.The smell of new bread floated(飘动) up from the kitchen.15.When the Chinese women volleyball team turned up，all the fans cheered_up(感到振奋).16.Please tell me when Mr. Smith is arriving at the train station so that I can pick him up in_time(及时).17.Once he has made up his mind，no on
6、e can prevent him from(阻止)carrying out the plan.18.At last the firefighters put out the fire in the supermarket，which broke_out(突发；爆发)at ten this morning.19.Youve made me suffer in the past，so now you，in_your_turn(轮到你)，suffer again!20.She married at 17 and gave_birth_to(分娩)her first child shortly af
7、ter.21.She bought a heavy curtain to block_out(挡住)the light.词性转换1.He often says that he doesnt believe in any religion(religious) and only believes in himself.2.The factory gives off harmful gases. They may do harm to our health.(harm)3. Do you believe the existence of ghosts? Perhaps they only exis
8、t in the minds of some people.(exist)4. The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzled about the puzzling math problem.(puzzle)5.The robbers hit them violently.They couldnt bear it any more so they decided to answer violence with violence and began their violent fightback. (violent)1.句型公式：形式
9、宾语it我理所当然地认为他会帮助我们。I took_it_for_granted_that he would help us.2.句型公式：形式主语it显而易见，一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们尽快达到目标。It_is_obvious_that a good learning habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations. 3.句型公式：what引导的主语从句另外，可能最使你感兴趣的是，考试时我真的紧张、烦躁。In addition，what_may_interest_you_most is that I am really nerv
10、ous and upset when taking the exam.(四川卷满分作文) 4.句型公式：be lucky enough to do sth只有二十个学生被选出到国外学习，我很幸运的成为其中一个。There were 20 students chosen to go abroad to study，and I_was_luckyenough_to_be_one_of_them.5.句型公式：asadj.a/ann.as请给予他们鼓励，让他们和你们一样过着丰富多彩而充实的生活。Please give them encouragement to_live_as_rich_and_fu
11、ll_a_life_as you do. 6.句型公式：倍数as.as.新图书馆是旧图书馆的4倍大。Our new library is four_times_as_large_as the old one. 7.句型公式：now that引导原因状语从句既然大家都到齐了，我们可以开始开会了。 Now_that_everybody_is_here，we can begin the meeting. 第一板块 重点单词1.harmful adj.有害的高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/微写作As we all know，a bad eating habit is harmful(harm) to on
12、es health.As far as Im concerned，there is no harm(harmful) in making an apology to him first.这些天，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了严重的破坏。(安徽卷)These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon，causing/doingserious_harm_to_life_and_the_environment.或which_causes/doesserious_harm_to_life_and_the
13、_environment.状元笔记全记牢(1)be harmful to.对有害(2)harm n. & vt. 伤害；损害do harm to sb do sb harm 对某人有害There is no harm in doing sth 做某事没有坏处(3)harmless adj. 无害的2.exist vi.存在；生存高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/完成句子Even though he is a little boy，strange ideas always exist in his mind. The old lady became seriously ill last week；sh
14、e has only existed on milk ever since. There exists(exist)a good way to solve the problem at present.Scientists have many theories about how_the_universe_first_came_intoexistence.关于一开始宇宙是如何产生的，科学家们有多种观点。状元笔记全记牢(1)exist in存在于之中exist on 靠为生There exists/existed. 某地有(2)existence n. 存在；生存in existence 存在c
15、ome into existence 产生；开始存在【点津】exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。3.puzzle vt.使迷惑；使为难；使窘困；感到迷惑 n.谜；难题；(游戏的)猜谜高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/单句改错/微写作The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident could have happened.I am puzzled(puzzle)by his failure to reply that he hasnt replied to my letter.Where the lost boy h
16、as gone still remains puzzle to us.remains后加a或puzzlepuzzlingHer puzzling look on her face suggested she didnt understand what I said.puzzlingpuzzled事实上，所困扰你的事情对于中国的父母来说也是一个难题。What_puzzles_you_is_actually_a_puzzle_to_many_parents_in_China.(陕西卷)状元笔记全记牢(1)puzzle over/about sth苦苦思索(2)a puzzle to sb 某人不懂
17、be in a puzzle 不知如何是好(3)puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的(常用来修饰人或人的表情等)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的(常用来修饰事物)第二板块 核心短语1.in time及时；终于；总有一天高考必刷题练透写出下列句中in time的含义/语段填空/微写作Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family？(2017全国卷)及时Youll succeed in time because you are always working hard.总有一天Working hard made
18、him successful in time.终于At one time I grew crazy about skating. However，I fell onto the ground from time to time，but I knew that I would at no time be skilled if I lack of practice.所以，我没有及时抽出时间给你回信。(山东卷)Therefore，I_couldnt_spare_time_to_write_you_back_in_time.状元笔记全记牢(1)in no time立刻；马上at no time 决不(
19、放在句首时，句子用部分倒装)at a time 每次；一次at one time 曾经；一度at the same time 同时from time to time 有时；偶尔(2)take ones time 别着急；慢慢来kill time 消磨时间2.in ones turn轮到某人；接着高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/微写作People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars，and this in turn creates more problems.I think its my turn to_
20、drive(drive) the kids to school this week.It turned out that this young man was none other than the old mans son.当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。When_it_is_in_my_turn，I_am_too_excited_to_speak.状元笔记全记牢in turn依次；轮流；反之；相应地by turns 轮流；交替地take turns to do sth轮流做某事It is ones turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事It turns/turned out th
21、at. 结果3.cheer up(使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/单句改错Upon arriving at the classroom，the author was cheered up by a warm welcome.They do this in order to encourage crowds to cheer their sports team on.Lets go to the football game and cheer for our favorite team.When Im feeling sad my mother tells m
22、e funny stories to cheer up.cheer后加_me状元笔记全记牢(1)cheer sb up使某人振作起来cheer sb on 为某人加油cheer for 为而欢呼(2)Cheers! 口语(用于祝酒)干杯！第三板块 经典句式1.But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/一句多译This book
23、is twice longer(long)than the length of that one.The worlds population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800.最近发现的一颗行星几乎是地球的三倍大。状元笔记全记牢(1)“twice as far as.”是倍数的一种表示方法，意为“是的两倍远”。(2)常见倍数表达法：Abe倍数asadj./adv.原级as BAbe倍数adj./adv.比较级than BAbe倍数the名词size/weight/length.of BA倍数what从句，表示“A是的多少倍
24、”2.This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一个连锁反应使生命的发展成为可能。高考必刷题练透单句改错/一句多译The sun heats the earth，which makes it possible for plants grow.plants后加toThe girl knows three foreign languages，which makes its easier for her to find a good job.itsit精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地
25、利用网络。1 Mastering the technology makes_it_possible_for_us_to_use_theInternet_more_effectively.2 Mastering the technology makes_it_possible_that_we_can_use_theInternet_more_effectively.状元笔记全记牢(1)在“make it形容词/名词to do sth”中it为形式宾语，指代后面的不定式结构，形容词或名词为宾语补足语。(2)在该句型中，作宾语的代不定式结构可换为that引导的宾语从句。.课文语法填空No one k
26、nows exactly how the earth began.However，according to a widely accepted theory，it began with a “Big Bang”.Then the earth exploded loudly and produced water vapor and many gases，1.making (make) the earths atmosphere.And then as the earth cooled down，water appeared and stayed 2.on the surface.It was t
27、he presence of water 3.that allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas，which made it possible for life to develop.And the 4.appearance (appear) of small plants encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.Next，green plants began to grow on l
28、and.5.They were followed by land animals.Later，reptiles appeared for 6.the first time，after which dinosaurs developed.However，they suddenly 7.disappeared (appear).Therefore，mammals rose on the earth.Finally，humans appeared and spread all over the earth.8.However，they are putting too much carbon diox
29、ide into the atmosphere，making the earth too hot to live on.So 9.whether life will continue on the earth will depend on whether this problem can 10.be_solved (solve).课文短文改错According to a wide accepted theory，the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all direction.For several billions
30、 years after the “Big Bang”，earth was still just a cloud of dust.What it was to become was certain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years before when the dust settled into a solid globe.The earth became so violently that it was not clear whether the shape would be last or not.It exploded loudly wit
31、h fire and rock.They were on time to produce carbon，nitrogen，water vapor and other gases，that were to make the earths atmosphere.答案According to a accepted theory，the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all .For several years after the “Big Bang”， earth was still just a cloud of dus
32、t.What it was to become was until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years when the dust settled into a solid globe.The earth became so that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.It exploded loudly with fire and rock.They were time to produce carbon，nitrogen，water vapor and other gases， were
33、 to make the earths atmosphere.单元要点微写作假设你是李华，对探月感兴趣，现在写一篇英语短文，设想如何在假期到月球旅行。1.去月球旅行的问题：如何吃饭、喝水；2.月球现状：月球没有重力，食物会飘移；3.解决办法：带食物的方法：放在试管中，吸食；4.去月球旅行的期望。注意：1.请根据以上要点写一篇60词左右的短文。2.尽量使用本单元的知识点。3.可适当增加细节。【参考范文】If I visited the moon，there would be a problem I might be faced with：how to eat and drink.The grav
34、ity of the moon is so weak that the food will float around.I would have to take all my food with me.So it could be put in a tube and then I would be able to suck it more easily.Perhaps I would use a straw to do it.It can prevent the food from floating away.Only in this way can the problem be solved.
35、I will have a try in time.阅读理解Electricity from renewable sources including solar，wind and others will replace coal as the largest source of electricity shortly after 2030. Thats thanks to both future global investment in clean energy power factories and a decline in coal power use in developed natio
36、ns like the U.S. and in Europe. By 2040，there will be 13% more energy produced by clean power than by coal factories. Clean energy already contributed to almost half of the worlds new power generation capacity (发电容量) added last year.Chinas growing service economy is actually a big deal for energy. C
37、hina，the worlds factory，has been working to build more industries around services instead of its historic focus on heavy industry. As a result，the countrys energy intensityenergy consumption (消耗) per unit of economic outputhas been declining over the years and that is having a major effect on global
38、 energy use. China has been able to reduce the amount of energy it consumes per unit of future economic growth by 85% over the last two decades.Economic growth gradually breaks the connection with carbon emissions (排放物). For years，economic development has been tied to energy use. Generally, countrie
39、s that use a lot of energy have a stronger economy. But with the rise of clean energy technologies，a handful of small European countries have been able to lower their carbon emissions without dampening their economic growth. Norway，Denmark，Finland，Iceland and Sweden have led this trend.But now the I
40、nternational Energy Agency has found that global carbon emissions remained flat or declined ever so slightly in 2014, while the worlds economy actually grew at a good pace. That is likely to be abnormal and wont be repeated in the near future. But the data suggests that the poor connection between c
41、arbon emissions and economic growth is starting to happen on a broader range outside of those small，wealthy earlyadopter nations.【语篇导读】本文为说明文。2030年后，清洁能源将会主导电力供应。1.Clean energy _.A.grows at a slow paceB.will meet a great challengeC.will become the main energy sourceD.leads to heavily investing in co
42、al power use答案C推理判断题。由第一段的第一句和最后两句可推知，清洁能源将会成为主要的发电来源。2.What can we know from Para.2?A.China is turning to service economy.B.China will work to be the worlds factory.C.Chinas energy consumption is increasing gradually.D.Chinas economic growth affects the global economy.答案A推理判断题。由第二段的第二句可知，一向被誉为“世界工厂
43、”的中国正在逐渐摆脱对重工业的依赖，转而围绕服务业发展更多的产业，由此可推知，中国正在转向服务经济。3.The underlined word “dampening” in Para.3 is closest in meaning to “_”A.increasingB.blockingC.forcing D.demanding答案B词义猜测题。由画线词所在语境可知，经济增长逐渐与碳排放脱钩，随着清洁能源技术的兴起，少数欧洲国家已经可以在不影响(blocking)经济增长的情况下降低其碳排放量。4.The text suggests that _.A.the worlds economy wi
44、ll slow downB.global carbon emissions will increaseC.Finland is in urgent need of stronger economic growthD.economic growth will depend less on energy consumption答案D推理判断题。由最后一段可知，碳排放减少而经济保持增长的情况将会在更大范围内发生，由此可推知，经济增长对能源消耗的依赖性将降低。.七选五How long can human beings live？_1_ However，110 years is probably the
45、 longest that anyone could hope to liveif he or she is extremely healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years！_2_ They wear out，and as a result，we get old and eventually die.Even though we cant live forever，we are living a longer life than ever before.In 1900，the aver
46、age American lifespan was only 47 years，but today it is 75 years!_3_ Sixtyfive may be outofdate as the dividing line between middle age and old age.After all，many older people dont begin to experience physical and mental decline until after age 75.People are living longer because more people survive
47、 childhood._4_ Now that the chances of dying young are much lower，the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care._5_ The changes in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the wo
48、rse，while some see chances，not disaster. Many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy，still active，and young in mind if not in age. With long lives ahead of older citizens，they need to stay active and devoted.A.When does old age begin then?B.On the whole，our population is getting older.C.A
49、s the society grows old，we need the contributions of our older citizens.D.Yet，the cells in the human body simply cannot continue to reproduce endlessly.E.A recent research shows that cancer cells can multiply themselves like crazy at all times.F.Most scientists studying old age think the human body
50、is designed to live no longer than 120 years.G.Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature，many children died of common childhood diseases.【语篇导读】本文是议论文，讨论了人类寿命增加这个话题。1.F根据上文的句子“How long can human beings live？”问人类能活多久？下文是回答这个问题，F项内容符合语境。故选F。2.D根据下文的句子“They wear out，and as a result，we get old an
51、d eventually die.”可知，这里是：人的细胞不可能无止境地复制。故选D。3.A根据下文的句子“Sixtyfive may be outofdate as the dividing line between middle age and old age.”可知，上文是问：人的老年是什么时候开始的？故选A。4.G根据上文的句子“People are living longer because more people survive childhood.”可知这里提到很多人活过了童年，下文是介绍以前很多儿童死于常见的儿童疾病。故选G。5.B根据下文的句子“The changes in
52、our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life.”可知，这里的人口的改变是：人口老龄化。故选B。.完形填空Peter Wiggins grew up in a poor family.He worked diligently at his_1_job as teaching assistant in a private kindergarten and put in three more hours at night as a parttime cashier at a
53、 _2_.By the time Peter walked home with slow and heavy steps every day，it was often close to_3_.Peter worked very hard in order to_4_his aged parents who had retired as restroom cleaners with_5_savings left after putting Peter and his sister through school.Peter was the only_6_，for his sister，Beth，w
54、as often in poor health.One day，as Peter was walking home from ACE Supermarket where he _7_，he stumbled(绊脚) upon a small brown packet on the pavement.The package was slightly_8_ so he picked it up to examine it more closely.To his_9_，it contained fiftydollar bills.Peter knew it was not his to keep a
55、nd that the_10_might urgently need the money.Without_11_，Peter walked quickly to the nearest police station and handed it over to Mr.Roberts who was the police officer_12_for that night.Surprised to see someone hand in such a large amount of cash_13_，the police officer said that Peter was indeed a r
56、ole model others could _14_.“Its nothing really.I was doing what _15_would have done，” Peters face turned red as the officer continued to ask for his name and contact number so that the owner could_16_ thank him.The next day，Peter received a_17_.The owner of the lost money was none other than Peters
57、_18_at the ACE Supermarket! He had found out Peter from Roberts and had decided to_19_ Peter to the position of manager with a handsome increase in salary.He had also decided to pay for Beths_20_.Peter was overjoyed.【语篇导读】Peter作为家里唯一的顶梁柱，白天在幼儿园工作，晚上在一超市兼职收银员。一天晚上下班回家时，Peter捡到一包裹并毫不犹豫地交给了警察。戏剧性的一幕出现了
58、，包裹是超市老板的，为此Peter也有一些回报。1.A.anytimeB.shorttimeC.daytimeD.nighttime答案C根据下行的“three more hours at night”可知该空处选C，指Peter白天在幼儿园工作。2.A.supermarket B.night schoolC.restaurantD.hotel答案A根据下文第三段及最后一段可知答案。3.A.morning B.noon C.evening D.midnight答案D根据上文可知Peter晚上加班3个小时，加上工作疲倦，走得缓慢，故回家时接近午夜(midnight)。4.A.settleB.im
59、press C.support D.treat答案Csupport“支撑，赡养”，符合题意。5.A.moreB.some C.littleD.much答案Clittle“几乎没有”，表否定，符合题意。6.A.sonB.breadwinnerC.one D.assistant答案B由于父母已年迈退休，妹妹常身体不好，Peter就成了家里的顶梁柱。breadwinner养家糊口的人，顶梁柱。7.A.stayedB.shopped C.worked D.visited答案C根据上文可知晚上Peter在一超市兼职，故选C。8.A.old B.torn C.familiar D.heavy答案B根据该空
60、后内容可知，他捡起包裹仔细端详，从而推知包裹有些破损(torn)。9.A.joy B.disappointmentC.shockD.relief答案CTo his shock令他惊讶的是，符合语境。10.A.leader B.assistant C.bossD.owner答案DPeter料想包裹的主人急需这笔钱，故选D。11.A.successB.fear C.hesitationD.doubt答案Cwithout hesitation毫不犹豫地。12.A.on behalfB.on dutyC.on watchD.on purpose答案Bon behalf代表；on duty值班；on w
61、atch监视，站岗(多为门卫，士兵)；on purpose故意地。13.A.unfinishedB.unusedC.untouchedD.unexpected答案Cuntouched原封不动的，一动未动的，符合题意。14.A.look atB.look up toC.look down onD.look forward to答案B警察说Peter是别人都应敬仰尊敬的榜样。look at看；look up to仰视，尊敬；look down on瞧不起；look forward to盼望。15.A.fewB.none C.anybodyD.policemen答案CPeter对于警察的表扬回答道：
62、我只是做其他人都会做的事情。anybody任何人。16.A.independently B.personally C.cautiouslyD.regularly答案Bpersonally亲自，当面，符合题意。17.A.letterB.notice C.callD.packet答案C第二天，Peter接到了包裹主人的电话。根据时间判断，可排除letter。18.A.colleagueB.boss C.consumer D.enemy答案B根据下文他所给Peter的回报，可推知包裹的主人是超市的老板。19.A.introduceB.expose C.promoteD.lead答案Cintroduce介绍；expose使暴露；promote晋升；lead引导。20.A.university education B.travel costsC.holiday parties D.medical treatment答案D由上文第二段可知Peter的妹妹身体不好，故该空指的是为其支付医疗费用，故选D。