1、词义猜测题专练(二)猜测指代类A2019洛阳市第二次统考 There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are. Many associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to ou
2、r families, holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress. On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of culture identity. Immigrants bri
3、ng it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride for their culture and means of coping with homesickness. Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However, the food does not remain exactly the same. Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readil
4、y available, so the taste and flavor can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes about the origina
5、l dishes to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavors that still keep the cultural significance of the dishes. We should embrace our heritage (传统) through our cultures food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to rem
6、ember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window into culture, and it should be treated as such.体裁：议论文题材：饮食文化主题：食物和文化之间的联系【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了食物和文化之间的联系。【难句分析】It is important to remember that each dish has a special
7、 place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it.分析：本句中第一个it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式；“that each dish has. who prepare it”是that引导的宾语从句，从句中含有“介词which”引导的定语从句和who引导的定语从句，who引导的定语从句修饰先行词those。译文：重要的是要记住，每一道菜在它所属的文化中都有一个特殊的位置，而且对于烹饪它的人来说也是特别的。1Whats the function of food menti
8、oned in the text?ATo help motivate homesickness.BTo show national identity.CTo reflect a countrys history.DTo show a communitys superiority.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第一段第二、三句“On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are”，再根据第二段的第二句“It also operates as an e
9、xpression of culture identity”可知，文章中提到的食物的作用是显示国家身份，故选B项。2What does the underlined “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AThe specific traditional food.BThe national culture.CA traditional expression of food.DThe oldfashioned taste.答案与解析：A考查代词指代。通读第二段可知，传统食物是文化的一个重要部分，它显示了文化身份，移民不管去哪儿都带着它，它象征着对自己文化的骄傲，也是排解乡愁
10、的方法。由此可推知，it指代传统食物，故选A项。3Why do some immigrants have to change the original dishes in their restaurant?ATo attach cultural importance to their dishes.BTo announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil.CTo make the dishes popular among customers.DTo present their own food culture in a new way.答
11、案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第三段的第四、五句“Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers”可知，移民不仅把菜肴卖给来自相同国家的人，而且卖给不同国家的人。为了使
12、菜肴受到顾客的欢迎，一些移民不得不改变传统的菜肴，故选C项。4Whats the authors attitude towards different food cultures?ANegative. BBalanced.CUnfair. DUnchangeable.答案与解析：B考查观点态度。根据最后一段的第一句“We should embrace our heritage (传统) through our cultures food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food”可知，我们应该
13、通过我们文化的食物来接受我们的传统，但也应该通过尝试其他文化的食物来了解更多文化。由此可推知，作者对不同的食物文化持客观公正的态度，故选B项。B2019唐山一模 Since their earliest days, American colleges and universities have based their study programs around what is known as the liberal arts. Liberal arts education does not require students to study only one subject. Apart f
14、rom a major like history or politics, students also take classes in other subjects that may not directly relate to their majors. This is meant to give students a wider understanding of the world as well as improve the critical thinking skills. However, in recent years, many Americans have avoided li
15、beral arts degree programs. That is mainly due to the belief that students who graduate with degrees in science, technology, engineering and mathematics, known as STEM, are more likely to find wellpaid jobs. But a new survey conducted by the labor market research company Emsiand the Strada Education
16、 Network research group suggests liberal arts graduates are just as desirable to employers in the modern labor market. According to the survey, 82% of liberal arts degree holders from fouryear programs are employed. Those who are employed fulltime made about $20,000 more per year than people with no
17、 higher education at all. And liberal arts degree holders with advanced degrees earned an additional $20,000 on average. Rob Sentz, who works with Emsi, says an engineering student may be immediately hired after graduation. But very often, engineering programs fail to teach students how to work well
18、 with others or communicate complex ideas in a simple way. Those are exactly the types of skills taught in liberal arts education. Nicole Smith, an economist, notes that with the rise of artificial intelligence, companies producing these intelligent machines need help teaching them how to think more
19、 like and interact with human beings. They need help selling products and solving problems, which are skills that come from a liberal arts education. Sentz and Smith agree the biggest challenge facing liberal arts graduates is showing employers what their skills are and the value they represent.体裁：说
20、明文题材：文化教育主题：文科教育的优势【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，通过介绍文科生的专业特征和就业市场的现状来说明文科生的职业优势和就业前景。对于那些只注重工科学习的学生来说，他们在沟通方面有明显的不足，而这一点恰恰是文科学生的优势。5Why does liberal arts education require students to learn more than their majors?ATo teach students how to communicate with others.BTo broaden students horizons and promote their cri
21、tical thinking.CTo encourage students to learn as many subjects as possible.DTo push students toward liberal arts degree programs.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“This is meant to give students a wider understanding of the world as well as improve their critical thinking skills.”可知，要求文科生学习更多专业以外的知识是为了让学生更广泛地了解
22、世界，同时提高他们的批判性思维能力，故选B项。6What advantage do liberal arts graduates have over STEM graduates?AThey have more access to wellpaid jobs.BThey have greater appeal for employers.CThey are more skilled in communicating.DThey are better at designing intelligent machines.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“But very often, e
23、ngineering programs fail to teach students how to work well with others or communicate complex ideas in a simple way. Those are exactly the types of skills taught in liberal arts education.”可知，文科生相对于理科生更善于交际和表达，故选C项。7What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 7 refer to?AMachines. BGraduates.
24、 CCompanies. DSkills.答案与解析：A考查代词指代。本题解题的关键在于teaching的直接宾语是“how to think more like and interact with human beings”， 所以them不可能指人类，再结合前面“producing these intelligent machines”修饰companies可知，them是指智能机器，故选A项。8Whats the main idea of the text?AThe modern labor market is full of great challenges.BLiberal arts
25、 education needs to reform its study programs.CSTEM graduates are losing their advantages in the labor market.DLiberal arts graduates have a bright future in the labor market.答案与解析：D考查主旨大意。本文主要介绍了文科教育的优势和就业前景。大学的文科教育宗旨赋予的文科生所特有的一些优势成为他们在就业市场上的有利因素，就业前景一片光明，故选D项。C2019湖南省岳阳市质量监测(二) When I was a very l
26、ittle child, I remember watching TV and seeing other children suffer in other parts of the world. I would talk to myself, “When I grow up and become rich, Ill save kids all over the world.” At the age of 17, I began my career here in America, and by 18, I started my first charity organization. I wen
27、t on to team up with other organizations in the following years, and met, helped, and even lost some of the most beautiful souls, from sixyearold Jasmina Anema who passed away in 2010 from leukemia (白血病) her story inspired thousands to volunteer as donors, to 2012 when my grandmother lost her battle
28、 with cancer, which is the very reason and the driving force behind the Clara Lionel Foundation (CLF). Were all humans. And we all just want a chance: a chance at life, a chance in education, a chance at a future, really. And at CLF, our mission is to impact as many lives as possible, but it starts
29、with just one. People make it seem too hard to do charity work. The truth is, you dont have to be rich to help others. You dont need to be famous. You dont even have to be collegeeducated. But it starts with your neighbor, the person right next to you, the person sitting next to you in class, the ki
30、d down the block in your neighborhood. You just do whatever you can to help in any way that you can. And today, I want to challenge each of you to make a commitment to help one person, one organization, one situation that touches your heart. My grandmother always used to say, “If youve gotten a doll
31、ar, theres plenty to share.”体裁：记叙文题材：个人经历主题：力所能及地去帮助别人【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，作者年少时立志长大后要帮助所有遭受痛苦的孩子们，长大后他兑现承诺从事慈善事业，并号召人们力所能及地去帮助别人。【难句分析】I went on to team up with other organizations in the following years, and met, helped, and even lost some of the most beautiful souls, from sixyearold Jasmina Anema who p
32、assed away in 2010 from leukemia her story inspired thousands to volunteer as donors, to 2012 when my grandmother lost her battle with cancer, which is the very reason and the driving force behind the Clara Lionel Foundation (CLF)分析：本句为主从复合句。句子主干为I went on to team up with other organizations in the
33、following years, and met, helped, and even lost some of the most beautiful souls, . who passed away in 2010 from leukemia是定语从句，who为关系代词指代先行词sixyearold Jasmina Anema; which is the very reason and the driving force behind the Clara Lionel Foundation也是定语从句，关系代词which代指前面“奶奶因癌症去世”这件事。译文：在接下来的这些年里，“我”继续与其
34、他组织合作，并认识帮助了，甚至也失去了一些最美好的灵魂，从六岁大的、于2010年死于白血病的亚斯米娜阿尼玛她的故事鼓舞数以千计的人志愿成为捐赠者，到2012年我的奶奶死于癌症，她的离世正是我创建克拉拉莱昂内尔基金会的原因和驱动力。9What did the author want to do at a young age?AWatch TV. BGrow up quickly.CBecome wealthy. DHelp other children.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“I would talk to myself, When I grow up and become
35、rich, Ill save kids all over the world.”可知，作者在很小的时候看到世界上其他地方遭受痛苦的孩子们时，他就对自己说：等“我”长大后变得有钱时会拯救全世界的孩子们，故选D项。10Which of the following directly caused the author to create and develop the CLF?AA sixyearold kids request.BHer grandmothers death of cancer.CMany volunteers inspiration for it.DOther organizat
36、ions encouragement.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“. 2012 when my grandmother lost her battle with cancer, which is the very reason and the driving force behind the Clara Lionel Foundation (CLF)”可知，奶奶因癌症去世是作者创建克拉拉莱昂内尔基金会的直接原因，故选B项。11What does the underlined word “one” in Paragraph 2 referto?AA chance. BA life
37、.CA task. DAn organization.答案与解析：B考查代词指代。根据第二段最后一句“And at CLF, our mission is to impact as many lives as possible, but it starts with just one.”可知，克拉拉莱昂内尔基金会的使命是去影响尽可能多的生命，但是它要从一个生命开始，由此可知，one指代many lives当中的一个，故选B项。12What does the author suggest people do in the last paragraph?ADo little things to h
38、elp those around them.BWork very hard to get a college education.CChallenge their friends to offer help.DDo charity work when you are rich.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据最后一段内容可知，帮助别人不需要你多么富有，不需要你有多大名气，甚至不需要你受过高等教育；你可以从帮助邻居开始，从你身边的人开始，从附近街区的孩子开始；你只需要以任何可能的方式，尽己所能地去帮助别人，即“Do little things to help those around them”，故选A项。