1、定语从句关系代词的用法1(2013湖南卷)Happiness and success often come to those_are good at recognizing their own strengths.AwhomBwho CwhatDwhich解析：句意为：幸福和成功经常青睐那些善于意识到自己长处的人。本题考查定语从句。先行词为those，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Those are good at recognizing their own strengths.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作主语，且表示“人”，故选B项。答案：B2(2013山东卷) Finally he reac
2、hed a lonely island_was completely cut off from the outside world.Awhen Bwhere CwhichDwhom解析：句意为：他最后到了一座完全与外面世界隔绝的孤岛上。本题考查定语从句。定语从句修饰的先行词是island，将先行词代入定语从句后为：The island was completely cut off from the outside world.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作主语，且先行词表示“物”。答案：C3(2011山东卷)The old town has narrow streets and small ho
3、uses_ are built close to each other.AtheyBwhereCwhatDthat解析：考查定语从句。关系代词that代替先行词small houses，在从句中作主语。句意为：这座古老的城镇街道狭窄，小房子挨得很近。答案：D关系副词的用法4(2013北京卷)Many countries are now setting up national parks_animals and plants can be protected.Awhen BwhichCwhoseDwhere解析：句意为：很多国家现在都在建立国家公园，在那里动物和植物能够受到保护。本题考查定语从句
4、。先行词为national parks，代入从句中为：In the national parks animals and plants can be protected.应该使用表示地点的关系副词，故选D项。 答案：D5(2013浙江卷)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform_visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built. Awhat Bwhere Cwhen Dwhy解析：句意为：博物馆将在春天开放，届时将有一个展览和一个观
5、光平台。参观者可以从这个平台观看正在建设的大温室。本题考查定语从句。先行词为platform，代入定语从句后为：Visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built on the platform.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where。答案：B6(2011江苏卷)Between the two parts of the concert is an interval，_the audience can buy icecream.AwhenBwhereCthatDwhich解析：考查定语从句。本题的先行词是interval，意思是“休
6、息时间”，表示时间，在定语从句中充当时间状语，因此选择关系副词when。答案：A“介词关系代词”的用法7(2013浙江卷)The children，_had played the whole day long，were worn out. Aall of what Ball of which Call of them Dall of whom解析：句意为：孩子们因为玩了一整天，都已经精疲力尽了。本题考查定语从句的用法。先行词为the children，将先行词代入定语从句后为：All of the children had played the whole day long.由此可见，先行词在
7、定语从句中作of的宾语，且先行词表示“人”，故只能用all of whom。答案：D8(2011江西卷)She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction_had taken more than three years.Afor whichBwith whichCof whichDto which解析：句意为：她带领游客参观了这个博物馆，建设这个博物馆花了三年多的时间。本题考查非限制性定语从句。由于本题中两个分句之间既没有从属连词，又没有并列连词，所以此处应该是一个非限制性定语从句，其中先行词是the museum和constr
8、uction之间具有所属关系，所以应该用介词of。答案：Cas与which的用法9(2013新课标卷)“You cant judge a book by its cover，” _.Aas the saying goes old Bgoes as the old saying Cas the old saying goes Dgoes as old the saying解析：句意为：正如古训所说“人不可貌相，海水不可斗量”。本题考查定语从句，先行词为前面一句话。先行词在定语从句中作宾语，故选C项。go在此处意为“说”，相当于say，用作及物动词。答案：C10(2013天津卷)We have l
9、aunched another manmade satellite，_is announced in todays newspaper.AthatBwhich Cwho Dwhat解析：句意为：我们又发射了一颗人造卫星，这件事是在今天的报纸上宣布的。本题考查非限制性定语从句。首先排除A项，因that不能引导非限制性定语从句；先行词为前面一句话，先行词在定语从句中作主语，且表示“事物”，故用which引导。who只用于指人；what不能引导定语从句。答案：B11(2013山东卷)There is no simple answer，_is often the case in science.Aas
10、 Bthat Cwhen Dwhere解析：句意为：科学往往如此，它没有一个简单的答案。本题考查定语从句。设空处前有逗号，故判断设空处引导非限制性定语从句。空格处的引导词在从句中作主语，排除C、D两项；that不能引导非限制性定语从句。答案：A分隔式/分离式/干扰式定语从句12(2013江苏卷) The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，_he remembers starting as early as his childhood.Awhere Bwhich Cwhat Dwhen解析：句意为：世界银行主席
11、说他对中国有一种情结，他记得这种情结始于他的儿童时代。本题考查定语从句。先行词是a passion for China，在定语从句中作start的宾语，要用关系代词，所以选B项。答案：B13(2012浙江卷)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature，_，for some reason，had withdrawn from all human society.AwhichBwho CwhereDwhom解析：句意为：埃伦是一个画鸟类和自然的画家，出于某种原因，他已退出了所有的社会活动。for some reason为插入语，可将其去掉，这时可以注意到该
12、复合句中从句缺少主语。根据从句的语意可确定该从句的主语应是指人的，由此可确定答案。该从句为非限制性定语从句，其先行词为a painter。值得注意的是，有的考生误将 birds 和 nature 作为从句的先行词，从而错选which。答案：B14(2011天津卷)The days are gone_physical strength was all you needed to make a living.Awhen BthatCwhere Dwhich解析：句意为：“体力是谋生的唯一所需”的时代一去不复返了。本题考查定语从句用法。先行词为the days，将其代入定语从句后为：On the d
13、ays physical strength was all.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，故用when引导。本题先行词与定语从句隔开，构成了“分割性定语从句”，增加了试题难度。答案：A1定语从句中关系词的选择应该遵循“缺什么，补什么”的原则。2对于“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，要熟记介词的选择标准。3point，situation，case，stage，occasion等在定语从句中作为先行词时，要正确判断其后是用关系代词还是关系副词。如果引导词在从句中作状语，则用where或when，否则用that或which。我们可以采用补全法，即根据句意把从句补充完整，补上去的部分在从句中所作
14、的成分就是引导词在从句中所作的成分。4as引导的定语从句通常有比较固定的句式和标志，熟悉其特点，就很容易识别这种定语从句。5分隔式定语从句的干扰性最强，解决这类题目的关键是把分隔部分去掉，并能够正确查找先行词。一、关系代词引导的定语从句1that用于下列情况：(1)先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词；(2)先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰；(3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；(4)先行词被the only，the very(
15、正是、恰是)，the last修饰；(5)先行词中既有人也有物；(6)在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句；(7)先行词是the way，并在定语从句中充当状语时，关系代词用that/in which或省略关系词。 He talked about the people and the place that he had visited in that country.他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。2whose用来指人或物，在定语从句中只作定语。(2011四川高考)The school shop，whose customers are mainly students，i
16、s closed for the holidays.这家学校商店大部分的顾客是学生，因放假而暂停营业了。(2010北京高考) Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。3who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。(2010湖南高考)Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school who I
17、met in the English speech contest last year.我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生成为了好朋友。4which用于下列情况：(1)引导非限制性定语从句；(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前；(3)先行词本身是that时；(4)引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。(2012全国卷)That evening，which I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late.那天晚上我一直工作到很晚，过后我会告诉你关于那晚更详细的情
18、况。二、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句1考查该结构中关系代词的选用。若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词whose名词”结构，whose指人、物皆可。(2012天津高考)I wish to thank Professor Smith，without whose help I would never have got this far.我希望感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我永远不会走这么远。2考查该结构中介词的选用。(1)一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：先行词的意义；从句中的动词的固定搭配；句子
19、的意思。(2)表示“整体和部分关系”介词常用of。常见结构：在some，any，few，little，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each等代词或数词的前/后可以用of which/whom。the比较级或最高级前/后用of which/whom等。(2013重庆高考)John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。Recently I bought an ancient vase，the pr
20、ice of which (whose price) was very reasonable.最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。注意：(1)from where为“介词关系副词”结构，但也可以引导定语从句。We stood at the top of the hill，from where we can see the town.我们站在山顶上能看到全镇的景色。(2)像listen to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of等固定动词短语，在定语从句中不能将介词与动词分开。三、as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别1一般情况下
21、，as所引导的非限制性定语从句放在主句之前、主句之后或者插在主句中间皆可，而which所引导的非限制性定语从句则只能放在主句之后。(2013安徽高考)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012，which made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。2当非限制性定语从句的谓语为be announced，be expected，be known，be reported，be sa
22、id，be shown等被动式谓语时，常用as引导。(2012福建高考)The air quality in the city，as is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。 3as表示整个主句内容时，有时含有“正如；正像”等意思，而which无此意。 4在下列固定结构中，关系代词as代表整个主句所述的内容，一般不用which。 as we know众所周知 as has been said before如前所述 as is often the c
23、ase情况常常如此四、关系副词引导的定语从句当关系词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。其中when表时间的介词(如in，at，on，during等)which；where表地点的介词(如in，at，on，under等)which；why表原因的介词(如for)which。关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。(2013 新课标卷)When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house where I would be staying.当我到达时，Bryan带我去看了我将要住的房子。 The reason
24、why I dont trust him is that he often tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。注意：(1)当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。Remember that there is still one point which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。 Shes in a hope
25、less situation，where we will keep a very close eye on her.她处于无望的处境中，在这种情况下我们将密切注意她。(2)先行词occasions当“时机”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.我有时间陪我的孩子们一天的机会很少。五、定语从句与其他从句的区别 1考查非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别。区分办法主要看前后句之间是否有and，but等并列连词或分号等的存在。若有，则
26、为并列句；如果只有逗号，且逗号后的内容是对前面某一名词的补充说明，则为非限制性定语从句。(2012四川高考)In our class there are 46 students，of whom half wear glasses.(定语从句)In our class there are 46 students，and half of them wear glasses.(并列句)2考查主语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别。重点考查it，what和as的选用。常见的考查结构：(1)“It be done(如：said/suggested等)that从句(that从句是主语从句，it是形式主语)”意为
27、“据/人们(说/建议等)”。(2)“What be done(如：said/suggested等)is that从句(that从句是表语从句，what引导主语从句)”意为“所(说/建议等)的是”。(3)“As be done (如：said/suggested等)，主句(as引导非限制性定语从句)”意为“正如所(说/建议等)的那样，”。It is required in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your email account.(主语从句)What is required i
28、n the regulations is that you should not tell other people the password of your email account.(主语、表语从句)As is required in the regulations，you should not tell other people the password of your email account.(定语从句)3考查the same，such，so引导限制性定语从句和结果状语从句的区别。the same，such，so可以与as或that搭配。as引导的是定语从句，前面名词或代词要在从
29、句中充当成分；而that引导的是结果状语从句，从句结构完整。Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out.(定语从句)Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem that none of us worked them out.(结果状语从句)上学期数学老师考试出题太难，没有一个人能解出来。1(2014四川省南充市第一次适应性考试)My favorite writer
30、 is Mo Yan，some of _novels have a surprising ending.AwhomBhis Cwhose Dwhich解析：考查定语从句。此处为“不定代词of关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，关系代词在从句中作定语，所以用whose。答案：C2(2014济南四校联考)The new policy only covers such people_have made great contributions during the war.Awho Bwhom Cwhich Das解析：考查定语从句。句意为：这项新政策只适用于那些在战争中作出卓越贡献的人。空处引导定语从
31、句，修饰people，且people被such修饰，因此只能用as引导定语从句。答案：D3(2014山东省蒙沂六校联考)_is often the case with old people，my grandfather is fond of doing morning exercise.AAs BWhich CWhat DIt解析：考查定语从句。此句考查as引导的非限制性定语从句，as在此指代后面句子的内容，既可位于句首，也可位于句中。句意为：就像其他老人一样，我祖父也喜欢晨练。答案：A4(2014江西九校第二次联考)A lot of lovers chose to get married o
32、n Dec.12,2012，_the date，the month and the year match.Athat Bon whichCin which Dwhich解析：考查定语从句。句意为：很多恋人选择在2012年12月12日这一天结婚，这是因为在这一天日期、月份与年份都一样。因为从句缺少时间状语，所以应用which指代先行词；当先行词是某个日期，且年月日完整时，介词应该用on。答案：B5(2014兰州名校阶段检测)Sarah Brightman，_will fly to space in 2015，is the first woman to fly there in the field
33、 of music.Awho Bthat Cwhich Dwhose解析：考查定语从句。句意为：莎拉布莱曼将于2015年飞往太空，她将是音乐界第一个飞往太空的女士。句中的先行词为Sarah Brightman且在非限制性定语从句中作主语，所以用who引导。答案：A6(2014福建龙岩三校二模) Bad luck！Our car was badly damaged in an accident，in_case I have to walk to work for at least a week. Athis Bthat Cwhich Dwhose解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，逗号后为非限
34、制性定语从句，句中关系代词which充当定语，修饰case。其中which指代前面的整个句子。答案：C7(2014陕西西安名校第五次模拟)Her son was accused of cheating by the police，_made it difficult for her to go to sleep.Awhat Bas Cwhich Dwhere解析：考查定语从句。句意为：她的儿子被警察指控犯了诈骗罪，这使她睡不着觉。此处which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个内容。答案：C8(2014陕西咸阳四校高二抽样检测)The Olympics are like a huge stag
35、e_everyone makes every effort to achieve their dreams.AthatBwhenCwhichDwhere解析：考查定语从句。句意为：奥运会就像是一个大舞台，每个人都在这个舞台上为实现梦想而竭尽全力。句中的先行词stage后接where引导的定语从句。答案：D9(2014青岛一模)How do you like the book?Its quite different from_I read last month.Athat Bthe one what Cthe one Dwhich解析：考查定语从句。句意为：你觉得这本书怎么样？它跟我上个月读的那
36、本完全不一样。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少先行词，应补上先行词the one，关系代词that在从句中充当read的宾语，可以省略，因此答案为C项。答案：C10(2014东北四市模拟一)After visiting Harbin，most of the foreign friends said they would never forget the time_they had spent.Athat Bwhat Cwhen Dat which解析：考查定语从句。句意为：去哈尔滨游玩过之后，大多数的外国友人都说他们永远都忘不了在那里度过的时光。the time是先行词，空处在定语从句中作had spent的宾语，故选A项。答案：A
