1、Unit 4Helpful Schoolmates一、单词写 得 准用 得 活(用所给词的适当形式填空)1.destroy vt.破坏；毁掉2.reduce vt. 减少；缩减3.consist vi. 组成4.insist vi. 坚持；极力要求5.intend vt.打算intention n意图；打算；计划6.accompany vt.陪伴；伴随company n陪伴；伴随companion n伙伴；伴侣；同伴7.breath n呼吸；气息breathe vi.呼吸；呼气8.operate vi.动手术；操作operation n手术；操作operator n操作人员9.relieved
2、 adj.宽慰的；放心的relief n减轻；解除；宽心relieve vt.减轻；解除10.courage n勇气；胆量encouragement n鼓励encourage v鼓励11.prepared adj.有准备的prepare v准备preparation n. 准备，预备12.fortunately adv.幸运地fortunate adj.幸运的fortune n运气；命运13.manage vt.管理management n管理14.accept vt.接受acceptable adj.可接受的15.silence n沉默；寂静silent adj.沉默的；寂静的16.seri
3、ous adj.严重的；有危险的seriously adv.严重地；认真地17.strict adj.严格的strictly adv.严格地1.To our relief,_great efforts were made to relieve famine (饥荒) in Africa, which brought relief of poverty there.(relief)2.I am in preparation for my going abroad to study, so I am attending a course which prepares the students fo
4、r TOEFL.(prepare)3.The new operator wasnt able to operate the machine well and his improper operation led to the breakdown of the machine.(operate)4.My teacher often encourages me to study hard.His encouragement drives me to make much progress.(courage)5.It was fortunate of them to make a fortune by
5、 trading with foreigners.And more fortunately for them, they were supported by the government.(fortunate)6.I had intended to help him but because of what he said to me later, I had no_intention of doing it.(intend)1.由reduce想到的shrink收缩；缩小enlarge 扩大；放大expand 扩大；膨胀decrease 减少；下降increase 增长accumulate 积累
6、2.含“sist”单词集合consist vi.组成 insist v. 坚持resist v. 抵抗assist v. 协助 consistent adj. 始终如一的3.后缀tion名词一览preparation准备protection 保护pollution 污染invention 发明operation 手术congratulation 祝贺4.后缀ment名词荟萃treatment 治疗development 发展encouragement 鼓励agreement 同意，协议achievement 成就judgement 判断二、短语写 得 准用 得 活(选用左栏短语填空)1.go_
7、against_sb./sth.违反；反对；不利于2.keep_ones_eyes_on_sb./sth. 密切注视；注意3.search_for_sb./sth. 搜寻；寻找4.so_far 到目前为止5.cheer_up 高兴起来6.in_no_time 很快；立刻7.go_through_sth. 经历；完成8.set_up 建造9.in_time 及时；迟早10.instead_of 代替；作为的替换11.insist_on_sth. 坚持；坚决要求/主张12.consist_of_sth. 由组成；由构成13.if_only_. 但愿14.even_if 即使；纵然15.becaus
8、e_of 因为；由于1.The United Kingdom consists_of four parts: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.2.If people choose to ride bicycles instead_of driving cars, our life will become better.3.All right, I wont keep you any longer since you_insist_on going.4.I dont ever want to go_through anything li
9、ke that again because it is a hard time for me.5.Cheer_up! Everyone may have periods in their lives when everything seems tough.6.They set_up purifying systems in places where the water was not potable (可饮用的)7.Children tend to react against their parents by going_against their wish.1.go短语大全go agains
10、t 违反；反对go through 经历；完成；浏览，翻阅；通过go down 下降；倒下go ahead 向前；干吧go up 上涨go over 走过去；复习2.聚焦time短语in no time很快；立刻in time 及时；迟早on time 按时all the time 始终，一直at times 有时候at one time 曾经，一度at a time 一次3.“组成，由组成”短语归纳consist of由组成be made up of由组成be composed of由组成make up 组成，构成三、句式背 原 句明 句 式学 仿 写1.So I guarded my pa
11、per so that he couldnt see my answers.因此，我护着我的试卷，为了使他不能看到我的答案。so that“目的是，为了”，引导目的状语从句。让我们到本周末再摘这些桃子吧，这样它们就变得足够甜，可以吃了。 (2018天津高考单选)Lets not pick these peaches until this weekend so_that_they_get_sweet_enough_to_be_eaten.2.I was sleeping soundly last night when I was awakened by someones groans.昨夜，正当
12、我熟睡时，我被某个人的呻吟声吵醒了。be doing .when .“正在做这时突然”。我正开车去伦敦时，突然发现走错路了。(2017天津高考单选)I was_driving_down_to_London_when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.3.If only daytime would come soon, everything would become easier.要是能马上天亮就好了，那样所有的事情都要好办些。if only“但愿”，其后的句子要用虚拟语气。我们时常会想，如果他/她在这儿的话，一切都会好的。We ofte
13、n think, if_only_he/she_were_here,_everything would be fine.第一板块核心单词归纳集释1. intend vt.打算；计划高考佳句In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should fill our senses to feel the wonders of the world.(2018天津高考)在这篇文章中，作者想要告诉我们，我们应该充分利用我们的感官去感受世界的奇迹。(1)intend doing/to do sth.打算做某事intend sb.to do sth. 打
14、算让某人做某事had intended to do sth./intended to have done sth. 本来打算做某事intend that .(should) do sth. 打算；主张(2)be intended to do sth./for sth. 专门为；专门给(3)intention n. 意图；打算；计划have no intention of doing sth. 不打算做某事with the intention of为了，以为目的/意图They had_intended (intend) to go into the country for the day, bu
15、t were put off by reports of traffic jams.他们本来打算那天到乡下去，但听说交通拥挤就推迟了。When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended.当给予国际援助时，必须采取措施保证援助能够到达原计划的目标人群。I intended going/to_go to the park, but my son intended that I (should)_go with hi
16、m to see a film.(go)我打算去公园，但我儿子打算让我陪他去看场电影。Many people took part in Sing! China with_the_intention_of_becoming_a successful singer.很多人参加中国新歌声是为了成为一名成功的歌手。2accompany vt.陪伴；伴随；伴奏；附有；配有高考佳句Teresa posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website accompanied by the touching words.(2018
17、全国卷)特蕾莎把这次偶然见面的照片发到了一个社交网站上，并且配上了感人的话语。(1)accompany sb. keep pany陪伴某人accompany sb.to .陪伴/陪同某人到(2)accompany sb.at/on sth. 用某物为某人伴奏be accompanied by 由伴奏/伴随(3)in company with 与在一起We did a lot for the elderly at the nursing home, cleaning their rooms, washing clothes for them and accompanying (accompany
18、) them, which made them very happy.(2015全国卷满分作文)在敬老院我们为老人做了许多事情，打扫房间、洗衣服、陪伴他们，这使他们非常高兴。He accompanied his old father to the hospital to see whats wrong with his stomach.他陪他的老父亲去医院查看他的胃部出了什么问题。While she was singing on the stage, her mother was accompanying her on/at the piano.她在台上唱歌时，她母亲在为她弹钢琴伴奏。一言助记
19、Li Ming was my companion when I was young, and I enjoyed his company very much.I still remember that he often accompanied me to the supermarket.我年轻的时候，李明是我的伙伴，我非常喜欢他的陪伴。我还记得他经常陪我去超市。名师指津一般不使用accompany sb.to do sth.表示“陪伴某人做某事”。3insist vi.坚持；坚持认为；极力要求教材原句In the climbing class he beat all the others to
20、 the top of the tree, but insisted on using his own way to get there.在攀登课上他打败了所有其他的人到达了树顶，但他坚持用自己的方式到达那里。insist on/upon doing sth.坚持做某事insist that . 坚持(认为)/极力要求The government insisted that plans (should)_be_made (make) to help those out of work.政府坚决要制订计划帮助失业的人。My husband and I insisted that our chil
21、dren were (be) old enough to make their beds.我和丈夫坚持认为我们的孩子已足够大可以自己铺床了。I wanted to walk to the station, but he insisted on driving (drive) me there.我想步行到车站，但他坚持要开车送我到那儿。名师指津insist意为“极力要求”时，宾语从句用虚拟语气“(should)do”；意为“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。.基础点全练(单句语法填空/补全句子)1The doctor insisted that he was (be) seriously ill
22、 and that he (should)_be_operated (operate) on immediately.2Unfortunately (fortunate), due to unforeseen circumstances, this years show has been cancelled.3Only one man tried to help us, the rest just looked on in silence (silent). 4We cant accept your offer unless the price is reduced by 5%.5How on
23、 earth did they manage to_rob (rob) the bank? 6It is my belief that we will find a cure for cancer in the next ten years.7All the athletes have_been_preparing_for (一直为做准备) the Olympics for a long time.I think they must have_got_well_prepared_for_(为做好充分准备) it.8The doctors decided to operate_on_the_pa
24、tient (为病人做手术) at once.重难点多练1intend多角度(1)用所给词的适当形式填空This money is intended for the development of the tourist industry.I didnt intend coming/to_come (come) to Germany to work.It is my intention (intend) to remain in my position until a successor is elected.The book intended (intend) for children has
25、 been published.(2)根据汉语提示完成片段越来越多的人打算在这儿投资，因此他想让她去那里做些调查，但是她主张他应该亲自做这项工作。More and more people intend_to_invest/investing here, so he intended_her_to_carry_out/do some research there but she intended that he (should)_do_the_task himself.2accompany点点练(1)单句语法填空They usually went shopping in company with
26、 each other.The architect, accompanied by his associates, is (be) surveying the land now.(2)根据汉语提示完成片段如果没有同伴，14岁以下儿童必须有成人陪伴。如果您想了解更多的信息，请查阅所附的小册子以供参考。If they have no companion,_children under 14 must be_accompanied_by an adult.If you want to learn about more information, please consult the accompany
27、ing booklet for reference.阅读词汇专练根据语境选出动词operate的词义(A)运转(B)动手术(C)起作用(D)操作 (E)经营1The medicine will operate in ten minutes._C_2People were trapped between floors because the lift didnt operate properly._A_3Its serious; we have to operate on his eyes at once._B_4For most people, its almost impossible to
28、 operate a computer without a mouse._D_5They operate three factories and a huge warehouse (仓库)_E_第二板块短语句型归纳集释1set up建造；设立；成立高考佳句Besides, our school set up a volleyball team and a basketball team.(2018全国卷书面表达)此外，我们学校成立了一支排球队和一支篮球队。set about (doing) sth.开始做某事；着手做某事set aside 把放在一边；省出；留出；搁置set off 出发；动身
29、；使爆炸set out (to do sth.) 出发；动身；开始/着手(做某事)People set about setting (set) up their new homes with the help of the government.People set out to_set (set) up their new homes with the help of the government.在政府的帮助下，人们着手创建他们的新家园。Have you set aside some money for your childs education? 你有没有为孩子的教育留出一些钱呢？2co
30、nsist of由组成；由构成高考佳句Listening is thus an active, not a passive, behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.(2015浙江高考单选)因此，聆听是一种积极主动的而非消极被动的行为，它包括听、理解和记忆。由组成/构成(2)consist in lie in 存在于；在于(3)consistent adj. 相容的；一致的be consistent with 和一致/相符Life mainly consists_of happiness and sorrows
31、 while happiness and sorrows consist_in struggle.生活主要由幸福和悲伤构成，而幸福和悲伤寓于奋斗之中。Five people_make_up the team; in other words, the team consists_of/is_made_up_of five people.五个人组成了这个团队。换句话说，这个团队是由五个人组成的。If what you say is not consistent (consist) with what you do, it will have a bad effect on your childre
32、n.如果你言行不一，这将对你的孩子有不好的影响。名师指津由consist组成的几个短语consist of/in/with都不能用于被动语态和进行时态。3I was_sleeping soundly last night when I was awakened by someones groans.昨夜，正当我熟睡时，我被某个人的呻吟声吵醒了。be doing .when .“正在做这时突然”，when为并列连词，表示“这时突然”，相当于and at this/that time。Jack was_working_in_the_lab_when the power cut occurred.(
33、2016北京高考单选)杰克正在实验室工作的时候突然停电了。be about to do .when .正要做这时(突然)be on the point of doing .when . 正要做这时(突然)had just done .when . 刚做完这时(突然)I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.I was_on_the_point_of_giving_up_when my best friend encouraged me to go on.我正要放弃这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。The p
34、rofessor had_just_finished_his_speech_when students rushed out of the classroom.教授刚结束了演讲，学生们就冲出了教室。.基础点全练1单句语法填空/补全句子Our country is like a big family, consisting (consist) of fiftysix nations.Yu Fang insisted that she was (be) not tired and was willing to stay the night but I insisted that she (shou
35、ld)_go (go) at once.He_was_lying (lie) in bed when something like a smoke alarm struck his ears.Look at the trouble were in.If only we had_taken (take) our teachers advice.Both sides agreed to set aside the question of independence.Dont do anything that should go_against (违背) his will.Not until he w
36、ent_through_real_hardship (经历过真正的困难) did he realize the love we have for our families is important.Taking exercise every day makes him look younger instead_of (而不是) older.2运用所学短语完成片段Because_of (因为；由于) our carelessness some cases happened in recent days, from which we concluded that we should close t
37、he window and lock the door in_time (及时)Apart from these, we set_up (成立) a group which consists_of (由组成) some strong men to guard our community at night.We also put forward several suggestions, which really made sense to cure us of our bad habits.In_no_time (很快) did our community become safe.重难点多练se
38、t相关短语一站清(1)介、副词填空He set about reading a novel right after taking a walk.He set out to read a novel right after taking a walk.The terrorist set off the bomb, which caused 25 deaths.In much of the animal world, night is the time set aside for sleep pure and simple.The school has set up a special class
39、 to help those poor learners.(2)根据汉语提示完成片段Last year, Tom set_about_writing/set_out_to_write (着手写) a novel, in which a man decided to set_aside (储存) some money for his son, and he set_off (动身) for London to earn money.单元语基落实.单句语法填空1I intended to have_called (call) you, but I was too busy to do so.2Pr
40、otective clothing must be worn when the machine is in operation.3The teacher is strict with us and strict in_ his work as well.4Hi, Jim! Youre back.Hows your vacation in Xiamen?Oh, great.If only I could visit it again.5With nobody accompanying (accompany) her during the festival, the old lady felt l
41、onely.6The man insisted on being_paid (pay) some money for his excellent work.7I have a few dramatic experiences I want to share with you.8She was thinking of her friend on the way to school when Tom called her.9As the road to the airport is under reconstruction, wed better set off/out early to avoi
42、d the traffic jam.10The beauty of Venice consists largely in the style of its ancient buildings.单句改错1A very nervous man, accompanied by his nagging wife, were examined by a doctor.werewas2She kept insisting that she be ignorant of such things.bewas3I was about to leave the room while the telephone r
43、ang.whilewhen4New Zealand is a country lying off the eastern coast of Australia, consists of two big islands and many smaller ones.consistsconsisting或consists前加which5I do hope she can cheer on and accept the challenge of life bravely！onup6Though the price of the house has been reduced to 10%, we can
44、t afford it either.toby.用本单元所学知识完成写作训练(一)依据提示补全短文Once my deskmate often disobeyed school rules, and this had bad effects on our class.But our teacher kept_his/her_eyes_on (注意) him, gave him encouragement, and held_the_belief (相信) that he would become a good student.Besides (Besides/Otherwise/But), o
45、ur teacher helped him to look for a way to get rid of bad habits.Much_to_the_relief (非常宽慰) of our teacher, he has completely changed so_far (到目前为止)He can finish all kinds of homework in time in order to pass the coming final exam.He often stays_after_school (放学后留下) and stays up all night studying.If
46、_only (但愿) he could get good grades!(二)按要求将词汇句式升级1用本单元高级词汇替换加黑部分(1)disobeyed went_against (2)look for search_for2按要求改写句式(1)用which引导非限制性定语从句改写句Once_my_deskmate_often_disobeyed_school_rules,_which_had_bad_effects_on_our_class.(2)用so that引导目的状语从句改写句He_can_finish_all_kinds_of_homework_in_time_so_that_he_can_pass_the_coming_final_exam.