1、如果一篇文章中有较多的语法错误，即使词汇再亮、句式再高，也只能是欲盖弥彰、难掩其丑，将直接被打入低分“冷宫”。“欲想得高分，先保基本分”。所以，我们先从写对句子学起。第一讲 正确使用5种基本句型基本句型(一)简约却不简单的“主谓”结构(一)主谓结构中谓语常用来表示主语的动作或状态。这种句型中的谓语动词为不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。但不能接宾语，也没有被动语态。常见的不及物动词有：arrive, come, lie, shine, live, walk, fall, rise, happen, exist, ride, occur, agree, write等。它的基本结构
2、是：主语谓语(vi.)(状语)The_sun was shining.太阳在照耀着。He usually swims at weekends.他经常在周末游泳。 am writing to give my thanks to you.我写信向你表示感谢。In the environment, teachers_and_students are living happily and working hard.在这种环境下，师生们生活快乐，工作努力。应用体验1翻译句子(主语不及物动词)他从早到晚地努力工作。He_works_hard_from_morning_till_night.接下来的几周，我
3、们的友谊发展地很快。Our_friendship_developed_fast_over_the_following_weeks.本周五晚自习之后我们将于8：00在学生俱乐部集合。Well_gather_at_the_Students_Club_at_8：00_pm.this_Friday,_after_the_evening_classes.我们同意周末帮老人做一些家务活。We_agree_to_help_the_old_people_do_some_housework_at_weekends.昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。I_happened_to_meet_a_friend_of_
4、mine_in_the_street_yesterday.(二)谓语动词也可以是不及物动词短语，如come up (被提出), run out (用完), get by (勉强生存), come out (出版), break down (抛锚；出故障), drop by (顺便拜访), pass out (晕倒)等。Many_good_approaches_to_vocabulary_learning came up at Global Education Summit.许多好的词汇学习方法在全球教育峰会上被提了出来。You can get by with existing vocabula
5、ry, but try to improve it if you want to get good marks.你现有的词汇勉强能用，但如果想要取得高分你还是要扩充词汇量。His_computer broke down when he was doing his homework.他做作业时，电脑突然坏掉了。注意不及物动词或短语后不能接宾语，要特别注意英汉表达的差异。他家昨晚发生了一场火灾。His home broke out a fire last night.()A fire broke out in his home last night.()应用体验2翻译句子(主语不及物动词短语)自2
6、010年以来成都发生了很大变化。Great_changes_have_taken_place_in_Chengdu_since_2010.第二天，我们一早就出发了。The_next_day,_we_set_off_early_in_the_morning.每当讨论英语学习方法时，他的名字总会被提到。His_name_came_up_whenever_the_matter_of_English_learning_methods_was_discussed.爱护环境很重要，因为地球的自然资源将会枯竭。Caring_for_the_environment_is_very_important_as_t
7、he_earths_natural_resources_will_run_out.实际上，在国外旅行时，人们凭借少许的当地用语便能勉强对付过去。Actually,_people_can_get_by_with_a_few_local_expressions_when_traveling_to_a_foreign_country.专题过关训练翻译句子(“主语谓语”结构)1(2018全国卷书面表达)这部英文短片将于下午2点在学校大厅开始放映。The_English_short_film_will_start_in_the_school_hall_at_2：00_pm.2(2017全国卷书面表达)我
8、写信是想告诉你下一节汉语课的事。I_am_writing_to_tell_you_about_your_next_Chinese_lesson.3(2016四川高考书面表达)并且我也可以在外面玩！And_I_can_play_outside_too!4(2015北京高考书面表达)我们站在他周围，专心地看着。We_stood_around_him_and_watched_attentively.5他的新小说什么时候出版？When_will_his_new_novel_come_out?基本句型(二)众人青睐的“主谓宾”结构“主谓宾”句型之所以受到中国英语学习者的青睐，是因为它跟我们的思维方式最接
9、近，因而这个句型也是同学们在写作中运用最多的。它的基本结构是：主语谓语(vt.)宾语(状语)(一)该句型中的谓语是及物动词，如respect, admire, ignore, provide, upset, appreciate等。其后可接名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或从句等作宾语。All_of_us respect our English teacher very much.我们都非常尊敬我们的英语老师。You cannot ignore your friends for long.你不能长久地忽视你的朋友们。A_true_friend will provide support when
10、we are in trouble.当我们面临困难时，一个真正的朋友会给我们提供支持。 do appreciate your timely help.我特别感谢你的及时帮助。在写作中，同学们比较擅长使用主动语态。如果能灵活使用被动语态，会给句子添彩不少。例如：To broaden vocabulary, we should read more native materials.To broaden vocabulary, more native materials should be read.I am not sure whether all the college graduates ca
11、n find jobs after graduation.I am not sure whether the college graduates can get employed after graduation.应用体验1翻译句子(主语及物动词宾语)我们都拥有相同的机会。We_all_possess_the_same_chance.上周末我们班组织了一次社会实践活动。Last_weekend_our_class_organized_a_social_practice_activity.只有观众才能决定谁是胜利者。Only_viewers_can_decide_who_the_winner_i
12、s.我不知道如何处理这些旧杂志。I_dont_know_how_to_deal_with_these_old_magazines.我不能用英语表达自己。I_cant_express_myself_in_English.(二)谓语动词也可以是及物的动词短语，如go through (经历), stand for (代表，象征), get on well with (与相处融洽), look forward to (盼望), come across (碰到)等等。True_friends go through all the hardships of life together.真正的朋友一起渡过
13、生活中的一切难关。Sometimes difficulties stand for a special kind of chance for us to make progress.有时候困难象征着一种能让我们进步的机遇。We have to get on well with different personalities.我们要和不同性格的人融洽相处。In the valley we came across a group of Mexicans.在山谷里我们遇到了一群墨西哥人。 注意1在“动词介词”的动词短语中，宾语只能接在介词之后；在“动词副词”的动词短语中，作宾语的名词放于副词前后皆可
14、；作宾语的代词只能放在副词之前。Please wake Li Ling up (wake up Li Ling) at six thirty in the morning.()Please wake her up at six thirty in the morning.()Please wake up her at six thirty in the morning.()2有些“主谓宾结构”的句子虽然短小，但表达的含义更精确，语言更地道。写作中并不一定句子越长越好。I could not say any word.Words failed me.(单词虽然少，句子更精悍)应用体验2翻译句子(
15、主语及物动词短语宾语)在朋友们的支持下，Peter度过了生命中的艰难时光。Peter_went_through_hard_times_in_life_with_the_support_of_his_friends.在学校里，他与同学们相处融洽。He_gets_along_well_with_his_classmates_at_school.他没有敲门就闯进了我的房间。He_broke_into_my_room_without_knocking_at_the_door.昨天在商场，我遇到了我的好朋友大卫。I_came_across_my_best_friend_David_in_the_shop
16、ping_mall_yesterday.牛仔(cowboy)代表了一种简单而且自由的生活方式。Cowboys_stand_for_a_simple_and_free_way_of_life.专题过关训练翻译句子(“主谓宾”结构)1(2018全国卷书面表达)我相信你会玩得很开心。I_have_the_confidence_that_you_will_have_a_good_time.2(201811月浙江高考写作)在2018年11月2号，我乘坐FL753航班抵达伦敦。I_took_FL753_to_London_on_November_2,_2018.3(2017全国卷书面表达)我们学校的乒乓球
17、队现在正在招收新队员。The_Table_Tennis_Team_of_our_school_is_looking_for_new_players_right_now.4(2017北京高考书面表达)我们讨论了该把什么放进视频中。We_debated_over_what_to_put_into_the_video.5(2016全国卷书面表达)通过做兼职工作，我能得到一些宝贵的经验。By_doing_the_parttime_job_I_can_get_some_precious_experience.基本句型(三)独一无二的“主系表”结构汉语没有表语这一说法，这样就显得英语的“主系表”结构比较有
18、个性了，因此我们说此结构是独一无二的，主要用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。它的基本结构是：主语系动词表语1这种句型无被动语态，也无进行时态。谓语动词需用系动词，表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语或非谓语动词形式等。常见的系动词有be，还有感官系动词(sound, look, smell, taste, feel)；变化系动词(become, get, grow, turn, go, fall, run)；持续系动词(remain, keep, hold, stay)；表象系动词(seem, appear, look)等。This is an EnglishChinese dicti
19、onary.这是一本英汉词典。Everything looks different.一切看起来都不同。Now we feel released and very energetic in class.现在我们在课堂上感到轻松，精力充沛。2同一个单词的不同词性作表语时，所表达的意义是不同的，这也是学生写作时常犯错误之一。Learning_English is hard.(形容词作表语)()Learning_English is a hardship.(抽象名词具体化)()Learning English is hardship.()3在主系表结构中要注意英汉表达的差异，避免中式英语。如：这件外套
20、很贵。The price of the coat is very expensive.()The_coat is very expensive.()The_price_of_the_coat is very high.()表示价格的词price只能用“高”或“低”，即high或low来修饰，而不能像汉语一样用“贵”或“贱”来形容。注意(1)population是不可数名词，说“人口多或少”要用large或small (比较级larger或smaller), 不能受汉语的影响，用many或few(比较级more或fewer)来修饰。如：上海的人口比北京的人口多。The population of
21、 Shanghai is more than that of Beijing.()The_population_of_Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.()(2)convenient不可用人作主语，要用物作主语或用it作形式主语，常用的结构是：sth.be convenient to sb./Its convenient to sb./Its convenient to do sth.如：我方便时来看你。I will see you if I am convenient.()I will see you if it is convenient to
22、 me.()应用体验(一)选词填空/补全句子(注意使用动词的正确形式)1We do morning exercises to keep (keep, turn, become) healthy.2Put the meat in the refrigerator.It goes (go, get, turn, become) bad easily.3What he said sounded (sound, look, smell, taste) reasonable.4The apple tastes (tastes, is tasted) sweet.5They work day and ni
23、ght to make their dream come_true (实现)6Please keep_quiet/silent (保持安静). The baby has fallen_asleep (睡着)(二)根据首字母和语境，写出符合句子意思的系动词1You look tired.You should go to bed.2I know it may sound strange to you, but Ive decided to be a farmer.3With the right colors, a small room may appear much bigger.4Mary hi
24、d the truth from her husband and she felt a bit guilty.5Dad will go crazy when he hears that I quit my job.6Please remain seated until all the lights are on.专题过关训练补全句子(“主系表”结构)1(2018全国卷书面表达)最重要的是，你应该注意餐桌礼仪。Most importantly, its_vital_that_you_should_mind_your_table_manners.2(2018北京高考书面表达)收到你的来信知道你要来
25、北京，我很高兴。Im_happy_to_receive_your_letter and know youre coming to Beijing.3(2017全国卷书面表达)唐诗是我们下一节课将要学习的内容。Tang_Poetry_is_what_we_are_going_to_learn_the_next_class.4(2016全国卷书面表达)这确实是让更多的人观看它们的一次好机会。This_is_surely_a_good_chance for more people to see them.5(2016北京高考书面表达)收到你的来信真是太棒了！知道你对中国历史感兴趣，我很自豪。Its
26、great to hear from you! I feel_proud knowing your interest in Chinese history.6(2015全国卷书面表达)我们报纸的“外国文化”栏目非常受我们学生的欢迎。The_“Foreign_Cultures”_section_in_our_newspaper_is_very_popular among us students.7那天他感到很郁闷。He felt_depressed/upset_that_day.8这个计划证明是可行的。The plan turned_out/proved_(to_be)_practical.基本
27、句型(四)一拖二的“主谓宾宾”结构“主谓宾宾”这类句型在写作中常常用到，具有独特的魅力。与单个的及物动词跟一个宾语结构相比，双宾语结构的独特之处在于一个动词与两个名词短语相互作用。它的基本结构是：主语谓语(vt.)间接宾语(人)直接宾语(一)间接宾语一般位于直接宾语的前面，如果间接宾语在直接宾语的后面，那么中间需要加上一个介词。可用介词to来变换间接宾语的动词：give, offer, hand, show, throw, pass, pay, send, sell, tell, lend, write等。(如：give sb.sth.give sth.to sb.)However busy
28、he is, he writes me an email every week.However busy he is, he writes an email to me every week.不管他多忙，他每周都会给我写一封电子邮件。Mr_Smith gave me some advice and lent me an English dictionary.Mr Smith gave some advice to me and lent an English dictionary to me.史密斯先生给了我一些建议并且借了本英文词典给我。This_competition offered us
29、 a chance to learn about Chinese culture.This competition offered a chance to learn about Chinese culture to us.这个比赛给我们提供了一个了解中国文化的机会。 have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.I have to pay 20 pounds to them for this room each month.我每个月要付20英镑的房租给他们。应用体验1翻译句子(“主谓宾宾”结构)他给这位英雄写了一封求助信。He_wro
30、te_the_hero_a_letter_for_help.你能把那本书借给我吗？Can_you_lend_me_that_book?她向我们提供了大量的食物和水。She_offers_us_plenty_of_food_and_water.他们定期给我们发来邮件。They_send_us_regular_email.在我很小的时候，妈妈经常给我讲故事。When_I_was_a_child,_my_mother_always_told_me_stories.(二)可用介词for来变换间接宾语的动词：make, buy, cook, find, get, order, sing, spare,
31、fetch等。(如：make sb.sth.make sth.for sb.)He bought me a bicycle.He bought a bicycle for me.他给我买了一辆自行车。Can you get me some stamps?Can you get some stamps for me?你能帮我拿些邮票吗？Please find me an apartment.Please find an apartment for me.请帮我找一套公寓。The_new_regulation_about_limiting_the_number_of_cars_on_road ca
32、n spare travelers a lot of time.The new regulation about limiting the number of cars on road can spare a lot of time for travelers.这项关于限制马路上汽车数量的法规能够为旅行者们节约很多时间。注意ask, answer, take, cost等，这一类动词无法改变结构形式。May ask you a question？我可以问你一个问题吗？应用体验2翻译句子(“主谓宾宾”结构)你能给我腾点时间吗？Can_you_spare_me_some_time?她给自己订购了一
33、条裙子。She_ordered_herself_a_dress.他给他的母亲请了一个医生。He_fetched_his_mother_a_doctor.我妈妈给我做了顿大餐来庆祝我的胜利。My_mom_cooked_me_a_big_meal_to_celebrate_my_victory.我要为你唱首生日歌。I_will_sing_you_a_birthday_song.专题过关训练翻译句子/补全句子(“主谓宾宾”结构)1(2018全国卷书面表达)希望我能提供给你一些有用的建议。Hopefully,_I_can_offer_you_some_helpful_suggestions.2(201
34、7北京高考书面表达)那确实给了我们一种极大的成就感。That_surely_gave_us_a_great_sense_of_achievement.3(2016全国卷书面表达)我记得你来我们学校访问时，你给我展示了一些关于环保的照片。I remember you_showed_me_some_photos_on_environmental_protection when you visited our school.4(2016全国卷书面表达)对于周五下午不能和你一起去书店的事情，我应向你道歉。I owe_you_an_apology for the fact that I cannot g
35、o to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.5(2016北京高考书面表达)想要了解更多？请告诉我，我可以给你提供一些书籍。Interested in knowing more? I_can_find_you_some_books. Just let me know.6(2016天津高考书面表达)现在，我代表全校同学，祝你们回国旅途愉快。Now,_on_behalf_of_my_schoolmates,_I_wish_you_a_pleasant_trip_back_to_your_country.基本句型(五)缺一不可的“主谓宾补”结构“主谓
36、宾补”句式结构中的谓语虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的，直接跟在宾语之后。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。宾语补足语可以由名词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语等充当。写作时应熟练掌握“名词作宾语补足语”这种高级表达形式。它的基本结构是：主语谓语(vt.)宾语宾语补足语1常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：call, name, elect, make, appoint, leave, consider, keep, wish等。Her_parents died and left h
37、er an orphan.她父母双亡，使她成了孤儿。We_all call him a living dictionary.我们都叫他“活字典”。2常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：believe, think, get, keep, make, find, set, wish, consider, prove, leave, paint, drive等。He didnt consider himself (to be) important.他并不认为自己重要。You had better keep the door open, because it is hot in the room.你最
38、好把门开着，屋里实在太热了。3常用现在分词和省略to的动词不定式等作宾补的及物动词有：see, notice, hear, watch, observe, leave等。He left me waiting in the rain.他让我在雨中等。Did you see him go out？你看到他出去了吗？4常用to do作宾补的及物动词有：advise, ask, command, encourage, forbid, permit, persuade, get等。Our_maths_teacher always encourages us to work out the questio
39、ns by ourselves instead of being told the answers.我们的数学老师经常鼓励我们自己解决问题而不是等着老师把答案告诉我们。5常用副词、介词短语等作宾补的及物动词有：leave, put等。You cant leave your friend in trouble.你不能把你朋友置于困境而不顾。6有些动词后常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，这是英语中常用的句型，即“主语谓语it宾补真正的宾语”。常见的动词有：think, find, consider, feel, make等。The_student has made it a
40、rule to read English magazines every day.这个学生已经养成了每天读英文杂志的习惯。注意同学们在写作时切忌好高骛远，在没有把握基本的简单句的情况下，不要轻易尝试很复杂的句子。要从自己可以掌控的东西出发，先学会把自己的思想表达成为得体的简单句，进而对之进行再加工、转换，方能创作出漂亮的作文。应用体验翻译句子(“主谓宾补”结构)我看到他进入了大厅。I_saw_him_enter_the_hall.这种发展应该使得人们越来越幸福。The_development_should_make_its_people_happier_and_happier.每天早上我们都能
41、听到他在大声朗读英语。Every_morning_we_hear_him_reading_English_aloud.我宁愿你不要改变计划。I_would_prefer_you_not_to_change_your_plan.你会发现英语是通向知识海洋的桥梁。You_will_find_English_a_bridge_to_the_ocean_of_knowledge.我们选他为我们班的班长。We_elected_him_monitor_in_our_class.专题过关训练翻译句子(“主谓宾补”结构)1(20186月浙江高考写作)作为一名高中生，我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。As_a_h
42、igh_school_student,_I_consider_English_a_very_important_subject.2(2017全国卷书面表达)我认为与你一起学习唐诗很开心。I_think_it_great_fun_to_learn_the_poems_written_in_the_Tang_Dynasty_with_you.3(2017全国卷书面表达)我想让你加入我们学校的乒乓球队。I_would_like_you_to_join_our_schools_table_tennis_team.4(2016北京高考书面表达)事实上，他鼓励我在大学主修英语。In_fact,_he_in
43、spires_me_to_major_in_English_in_college.5(2016江苏高考书面表达)另外，网络使调研和选举容易又方便，不用顾及时间和空间。In_addition,_the_Internet_makes_surveying_and_voting_easy_and_convenient,_regardless_of_time_and_space.6(2014辽宁高考书面表达)你的投稿将会使这次活动获得巨大成功。Your_contribution_will_certainly_make_the_event_a_huge_success.7我认为写英文日记很有用。I_thi
44、nk_it_useful_to_keep_an_English_diary.8它会帮助你理解谚语“熟能生巧”。It_will_help_you_understand_the_proverb_“Practice_makes_perfect”第二讲 正确使用并列句与复合句增分句型(一)独立又相依的并列句并列句是用连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来，这种简单句常被叫做分句。并列句中的各个简单句彼此独立，互不依从，但它们表达的意思之间有一定的关系，通常用并列连词连接起来。并列连词之前可用逗号，也可不用逗号。它的基本模式是：简单句并列连词简单句(一)常见并列句的类型及并列连词类型连词并列关系(递进关系
45、)and, when, both .and ., not only .but (also) ., neither .nor .转折关系but, yet, whereas, however选择关系or, otherwise, or else, either .or ., not .but .因果关系because, as, for, so, therefore, thus, due to对比关系whileHalf of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols, while 48% of the boys favor sports sta
46、rs.一半的女孩选择电影和电视明星作为她们的偶像，而48%的男孩更喜欢体育明星。(2018北京高考书面表达)You may have trouble in adjusting yourself to the life in Beijing, so I suggest that you make full preparations in advance.你可能在适应北京生活方面有困难，因此我建议你提前做好充分准备。(2017全国卷书面表达)Not only will all kinds of papercutting works created by famous artists of this
47、 field be on show that day, but a lot of useful and interesting activities will be held as well.那天不仅会有这一领域的著名艺术家所创作的各种剪纸作品展出，而且还会举办许多有用且有趣的活动。(2017全国卷书面表达)If youre interested in it, either you may send an email to 12345 or you can sign up in person.如果你感兴趣，您可以发送电子邮件至12345或亲自报名。(2017北京高考书面表达)Some comp
48、romises were unavoidable, but the video turned out perfect.一些妥协是不可避免的，但视频结果是完美的。(2016全国卷书面表达)I know you take good pictures and youve always wanted to do something for environmental protection.我知道你拍照好，并且你总是想着为环境保护做些事情。(二)使用并列句的注意事项1not only .but also .在连接两个并列分句时，如果not only置于句首，not only所在的分句需用部分倒装语序。(
49、2018浙江高考写作)Firstly, not only can I speak fluent English, but also I have little difficulty communicating with foreigners.首先，我不仅能说一口流利的英语，而且和外国人交流也毫无困难。Not only do they offer us joy and excitement, but they also encourage us to think critically.他们不仅提供给了我们喜悦和兴奋，还鼓励我们批判性思考。2表示“虽然但是”这一转折关系时，连接词but不能与tho
50、ugh/although连用。虽然我当时很累，但是我感到非常幸福。Although I was very tired then but I felt very happy.()Although I was very tired then, I felt very happy.()I was very tired then but I felt very happy.()3表示因果关系的连词so不与because, as等表示原因的连词连用。因为他生病，所以他那天没去上学。Because/As he was ill so he didnt go to school that day.()Beca
51、use/As he was ill, he didnt go to school that day.()He was ill so he didnt go to school that day.()应用体验用适当的并列连词填空(2018北京高考书面表达)First I would like to express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.(2018天津高考书面表达)I know you
52、 once participated in the Robotics Competition and won the award, so you must have accumulated much experience in it.(2017全国卷书面表达)Im sure that it will interest you, for you have been enthusiastic about pingpong.Therefore,_Id like to invite you to join the team.(2015陕西高考书面表达)First, my English is very
53、 good and Im openminded and warmhearted, so Im getting along well with everyone.Give me a chance and I will give you a wonderful surprise.The young man wanted to help the dog, but as he approached, the dog started to bark.Would you like to leave or would you like to stay?I had just finished my homew
54、ork when Tom came to me.Some choose to avoid them while others decide to deal with them.It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.专题过关训练补全句子1(2018北京高考书面表达)虽然外国学生在我们学校学习了很长时间，但他们不知道如何沏茶。Though/Although_the_foreign_students_have_studied_in_our_school for a long time, they dont know how to
55、 make tea.2(2017全国卷书面表达)这次展览不仅可以帮助你更好地了解中国民间艺术作品，而且也可以帮助你获得一些剪纸技巧。The exhibition can_not_only_help_you_have_a_better_understanding_of Chinese folk art works, but_can_also_help_you_acquire some papercutting skills.3(2017全国卷书面表达)别犹豫，如果你有什么问题就问我。Dont_hesitate_and_ask_me if you have any questions.4(2017
56、江苏高考书面表达)票价正在上涨。因此，电影业应该做出更大的努力来吸引更多的观众。The ticket price is on the increase. Therefore,_the_film_industry_should_make_greater efforts_to_attract more viewers.5虽然她是一位普通妇女但是确实值得尊敬。She is an ordinary woman but_she_is_really_worth_respecting.6因此，从现在起，让我们不要在一些不重要的事情上浪费时间，而要经常与我们的父母进行推心置腹的谈话。So, from now
57、on, lets not_waste_our_time_on_unimportant_things_but have a hearttoheart chat with our parents once in a while.7上课时要认真听老师讲课，否则你听不懂他在说什么。Listen to the teacher carefully in class, or_you_cant_catch_what_he_is_saying.8她正走在大街上，这时她听到有人叫她。She was_walking_along_the_street_when she heard someone calling he
58、r.增分句型(二)吸引眼球的定语从句定语从句的正确使用能够比较明显地反映出考生对于语言具有较高的掌握能力，所以建议考生一定要在写作中至少使用一个恰到好处的定语从句。(一)定语从句的类型1关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。(2018北京高考书面表达)Last week, we took the foreign students to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned
59、out to be extremely rewarding.上周，我们带领外国学生体验了正宗的茶文化，结果证明非常值得。(2017全国卷书面表达)Secondly, you will make some good friends who are also interested in playing table tennis.第二，你会交到一些好朋友，他们也很喜欢打乒乓球。As you see, the Chinese people are hardworking.你知道，中国人民是勤劳的。2关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句是指when, where, why引导的定语从句。(201
60、8北京高考书面表达)Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture.它的中国文学专业对你来说是适合的，在那儿你可以完全沉浸在中国深厚的历史和丰富的文化中。(2014安徽高考书面表达)I think the reason why you are always angry may be the high pressure of study.我认为你总是发脾气的原因可能是学习上的巨大压力。3“介
61、词which/whom”引导的定语从句(2017北京高考书面表达)Material collecting took us a whole week, during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life.搜集材料花了我们整整一周的时间，在此期间我们采访了老师并拍摄了学校生活的各个方面。(二)定语从句的写法定语从句是比较难掌握而又是考生在写作中喜欢尝试的复杂句，在写作时可采用“三步法”：示例第一步：写出两个简单句。The foreigner is from Canada.
62、He visited our class yesterday.第二步：在句中找出一处要修饰的词汇：the foreigner。第三步：用句充当定语从句，the foreigner为先行词指人，句中的代词he指代the foreigner且在句子中作主语，故用who或that作关系词。The foreigner who/that visited our class yesterday is from Canada.应用体验用定语从句将下列每组简单句合并为一个复合句I have a friend.Her father is an engineer.I_have_a_friend_whose_fat
63、her_is_an_engineer.I will go on a trip to Sichuan.There are a great number of places of interest in Sichuan.I_will_go_on_a_trip_to_Sichuan,_where_there_are_a_great_number_of_places_of_interest.This is the best method.It can be used against pollution.This_is_the_best_method_that_can_be_used_against_p
64、ollution.Ive always longed for the days.I will be able to be independent then.Ive_always_longed_for_the_days_when_I_will_be_able_to_be_independent.Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers.Two of them influenced me greatly.Through_the_course_of_my_schooling,_I_met_many_teachers,_two_of
65、_whom_influenced_me_greatly.专题过关训练用定语从句补全句子1(2018全国卷书面表达)我们都知道，一起成长这部优秀的英文短片看起来很有趣。As_we_all_know,_the outstanding English short film, Growing Together, is interesting to watch.2(2018浙江高考写作)我想申请这个职位的原因是我想提高我的英语口语水平，并且帮助外国中学生更好地了解中国文化。The_reason_why_I_want_to_apply_for_the_position_is_that I want to
66、improve my spoken English and help foreign students have a better understanding of Chinese culture.3(2017全国卷书面表达)我们将学习唐朝时期写的一些中国诗歌。We are going to learn some Chinese poems that/which_were_written_in_the_Tang_Dynasty.4(2016全国卷书面表达)六月的最后一个周日怎么样？那时考试已经结束，我们都有时间。How about the last Sunday of June, when_t
67、he_examination_is_over_and_we_are_free?5(2016四川高考书面表达)一年中有四季，每个季节都有显著的特点。There are four seasons in a year, each_of_which_has_distinctive_features.6(2015陕西高考书面表达)作为一名外向的学生，我善于同其他人交流，这使我对这个职位感到自信。As an outgoing student, I am good at communicating with others, which_makes_me_feel_confident_about_this_p
68、osition.增分句型(三)富有文采的状语从句状语从句主要包括时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较和方式九类从句。1时间状语从句常用when (当时), as (当时), while (在过程中), before (在之前), after (在之后), since (自从以来), till/until (直到), by the time (that)(到时候), as soon as/the moment/no sooner .than/hardly .when (一就)等连词引导。如：(2018北京高考书面表达)I sincerely hope your dream will c
69、ome true and its my pleasure to show you around Beijing when that day comes.我真诚地希望你的梦想成真，到那时我会很高兴带你参观北京。The moment (that) the teacher came in, the students stopped talking.老师一进来，学生们立即停止了谈话。2地点状语从句常用where (在地方), wherever (无论何地), anywhere (在任何地方), everywhere (到处)等连词引导。如：Make a mark where you have ques
70、tions.在有疑问的地方做个记号。3原因状语从句常用because (因为), as (因为), since (既然), now that (既然), seeing (that)(由于), considering (that)(考虑到)等连词引导。如：(2018全国卷书面表达)As for me, Im keen on basketball as it has been giving me strength to confront the challenges in my life.就我而言，我对篮球很感兴趣，因为它一直给我力量去面对生活中的挑战。4条件状语从句常由if (假如), unle
71、ss (除非), as (so) long as (只要), on condition that (在条件下), suppose/supposing (假如)等连词引导。如：(2018北京高考书面表达)If you have further questions, please feel free to let me know.如果你还有其他问题，请随时告诉我。5目的状语从句常用so that/in order that (以便), in case (以免)等连词引导。如：(2018北京高考书面表达)I explained the traditional procedure of making
72、tea in detail in order that they could better understand it.我对茶的传统制作过程作了详细的说明以便于他们更好地理解它。(2016全国卷书面表达)We can set out early so that we will have more time to read and select books.我们可以早点出发，这样我们将有更多的时间来阅读和选书。6结果状语从句用so that (结果), so .that/such .that (如此以至于)等连词引导。如：(2016天津高考书面表达)You are so kind and con
73、siderate that we hope to be friends with you no matter where you are.你们如此善良、体贴，以至于我们希望成为你们的朋友，无论你们在哪儿。7让步状语从句常用though/although (虽然), even if/though (即使), no matter (what/who/how .)(无论什么/无论谁/无论如何)等连词引导。如：The moral of it is to remind people not to give up easily, no matter what difficulty they meet.它的
74、寓意是提醒人们：无论遇到什么困难，都不要轻言放弃。8比较状语从句常用as .as .(和一样), not so/as .as .(不比)，more .than .(比更)等连词引导。如：I really hope you can overcome these difficulties as quickly as you can.我的确希望你能尽快地克服这些困难。9方式状语从句常用as (如，像), as if/though (似乎，好像)等连词引导。如：The old man runs very fast as if he were a young man.这位老人跑得很快，就好像他是一个年轻
75、人。In the following exams, we did as what we had promised.在接下来的考试中，我们按照我们承诺的去做了。应用体验根据提示用状语从句补全句子只要我们有强大的信念，就能够克服任何困难。(as long as)As_long_as_we_have_a_strong_will,_well be able to get over any difficulty.他在公司努力工作，以便于能得到提升。(so that)He worked hard in his firm, so_that_he_could_get_promoted.尽管有规律的锻炼很重要，
76、但临睡前锻炼不是个好主意。(though/although/while)Though/Although/While_regular_exercise_is_very_important,_its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.如果我们继续污染环境，地球将不再适合我们居住。(if)If_we_go_on_polluting_the_environment,_the earth wont be fit for us to live in.无论我做什么，我都会尽全力做好。(no matter what)No_matter_wha
77、t_I_do,_I will try my best to do it well.既然你找到了一份工作，你应该学会独立不依靠父母。(now that)Now_that_you_have_got_a_job,_you should learn to be independent of your parents.专题过关训练用状语从句补全句子1(2018天津高考书面表达)我们对比赛如此感兴趣，以至于我们组成了一个小组参加比赛。We were so_interested_in_the_competition_that_we_formed a group to take part in it.2(20
78、18天津高考书面表达)无论谁获得机器人技能竞赛的第一名都会被授予金牌。The gold medal will be awarded to whoever_wins_the_first_place_in the_Robotics_Competition.3(2017全国卷书面表达)由于天气越来越热，在室内学习是个好主意。As_the_weather_is_getting_hotter_and_hotter,_it is a good idea to study indoors.4(2017全国卷书面表达)如果你对中国民间艺术感兴趣，请发邮件给我。If_youre_interested_in_th
79、e_Chinese_folk_art,_please email me.5(2017天津高考书面表达)虽然这些天我在埋头读书，但为了提高自己，我仍然参加了几个学生俱乐部。Though/Although_(I_am)_buried_in_books_these_days,_I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.6(2016江苏高考书面表达)当人们被要求做他们不想做的事情时，他们可能感到被强迫。People may feel forced when_asked_to_do_things_that_t
80、hey_dont_want_to.7(2015北京高考书面表达)这是如此激动人心的一次活动，以至于我们都玩得非常愉快。It was such_an_exciting_activity_that we all enjoyed ourselves very much.8(2015四川高考书面表达)每天晚上，我们可以通过视频聊天相互联系，用英语聊半个小时，再用汉语聊半个小时，以提高我们的口语。We can contact each other by video chat every night for half an hour in English and half an hour in Chine
81、se, so_that_we_can_improve_our_oral_speaking.增分句型(四)灵活好用的名词性从句名词性从句是高中阶段重要的语法项目之一，也是写作中常用的高级表达方式。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。(一)名词性从句的连接词1从属连词引导的名词性从句名词性从句的从属连词在从句中只起连接作用，不作成分，主要包括that, whether/if。(2018全国卷书面表达)What I want to stress is that youd better bring some gifts.我想强调的是你最好带一些礼物。(2017全国卷书面表达)Would y
82、ou tell me if/whether its convenient for you？你能告诉我你是否方便吗？2连接代词引导的名词性从句名词性从句的连接代词在从句中起连接作用，并在从句中充当主语、表语、宾语、同位语，主要包括what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等。(2017全国卷书面表达)To start with, what I intend to stress is that we are about to start our next lesson in Classroom 8 of
83、 the Teaching Building at 10：00 am.next Friday.首先，我想强调的是下周五上午十点钟我们将在教学楼的8号教室开始我们的下节课。3连接副词引导的名词性从句名词性从句的连接副词在从句中起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语，主要包括how, when, why, where, however, whenever, wherever等。(2018全国卷书面表达)When you are enjoying the meal, you need to avoid making noises while chewing food，which is where you s
84、hould pay attention.当你享受这顿饭的时候，你需要避免咀嚼食物时发出声音，这是你应该注意的地方。(2018北京高考书面表达)Then I showed them how to make tea.然后我展示给他们怎样泡茶。(二)名词性从句的写法在写作中，如果能够把两个简单句合并为一个含有名词性从句的复合句，或者把一个简单句扩展成为含有名词性从句的复合句，对写作都是一种质的升华。名词性从句在写作时可采用“三步法”：示例第一步：写出两个简单句。He said a lot at the meeting.His words were very attractive.第二步：用句作主语从
85、句，可转换为“他在会上所说的话”，即What he said at the meeting。第三步：把句转换的主语从句和句连在一起。What he said at the meeting was very attractive.应用体验用名词性从句将下列每组简单句合并为一个复合句Shall we go picnicking tomorrow? It depends on the weather.Whether_we_shall_go_picnicking_tomorrow_depends_on_the_weather.This is my decision.All of us are to s
86、tart at 7：00 oclock tomorrow morning.My_decision_is_that_all_of_us_are_to_start_at_7：00_oclock_tomorrow_morning.When did you enter the room？The police wants to know it.The_police_wants_to_know_when_you_entered_the_room.Our school volleyball team had won the championship.The news encouraged us all gr
87、eatly.The_news_that_our_school_volleyball_team_had_won_the_championship_encouraged_us_all_greatly.Finally I want to express my hope.All the younger fellows can make full use of time.Finally_I_want_to_express_my_hope_that_all_the_younger_fellows_can_make_full_use_of_time.专题过关训练用名词性从句补全句子1(2018全国卷书面表达
88、)相信这是一个你不容错过的好机会。It_is_believed_that_it_is_an_excellent_opportunity that you mustnt miss.2(2018全国卷书面表达)然后消息传来我们学校将放映一部英文短片，它是一部关于我们学校历史的纪录片。Then came the_news_that_an_English_short_film_will_be_shown_in_our_school,_which is a documentary on the history of our school.3(2018北京高考书面表达)这就是为什么我建议你申请北京大学，中
89、国最好的大学之一。That_is_why_I_suggest_you_apply_for Peking University, one of the best universities in China.4(2017北京高考书面表达)我确实希望我的建议能对你有些帮助，也希望你在中国玩得快乐。I_do_hope_that_my_advice_will_be_of_some_help_to_you and that youll have a good time in China.5(2017全国卷书面表达)我想告诉你的是，中国剪纸艺术展将于下周举办。What_I_want_to_tell_you_
90、is_that the Chinese papercutting art exhibition will be held next week.6(2016全国卷书面表达)然而，我不确定措辞和格式是否正确。However, I am not sure about whether_the_words_and_format_are_correct.7(2015全国卷书面表达)你要记住的最后一件重要的事情是在6月28日前把这篇文章发给我。The last important thing you should remember is that_you_have_to_send_the_article_t
91、o_me_before_June_28th.8根据以上情况我们可以得出结论：健康的身体有助于提高我们的生活质量。From the above we_can_draw_a_conclusion_that_a_healthy_body_helps_to_improve the quality of our life.第三讲 There be句型与it基本句型增分句型(一)存在于四海八荒的“There be”句型There be句型表示“存在；有”，应用十分广泛和频繁，同时也是考生在写作中易犯错误的一个句型，考生经常会按照汉语的思维习惯写英语句子，导致语法错误。它的基本结构是：There be (b
92、e可用各种时态)名词地点状语(2018全国卷书面表达)There are some relevant details about the English short film to tell you.,有一些有关这部英文短片的相关细节要告诉你们。(一)There be句型的常见变式1There情态动词be .Today is National Day.I think there should be many cars on freeway.今天是国庆节。我认为高速路上车辆应该很多。2There be sb./sth.doing sth.(doing sth.为现在分词作后置定语)(20176月
93、浙江高考写作)At eight on the morning of October 1, we are to gather at the gate of Orient Hotel, and there will be a minibus waiting for us.十月一日上午八点，我们将在东方宾馆门口集合，将有一辆小型公共汽车等着我们。3There be sth.to do/to be doneThere is still much to discuss/to be discussed.We shall, therefore, return to this item at our next
94、 meeting.还有许多事情要讨论。因此，我们将在下次会议上再次讨论这项内容。4There stands/lies/exists/remains/lives/comes/goes .Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple.从前，这座庙里住着一个老和尚。5There seems/appears/happens/used to be .There happened to be a lot of people by the road.They helped us pull the car out of the big hole.
95、路边恰好有很多人，他们帮助我们把车从那个大坑里拉了出来。注意(1)作“有”讲时，there be与have的区别：have/has表示所属关系，即“所有，占有”；而there be结构表示客观上的存在，不说明所属关系。There is a new computer on his desk.在他的桌子上有一台新电脑。(电脑在桌子上)He has a new computer.他有一台新电脑。(电脑为他所有)(2)There be句型中谓语动词的人称和数应与后面主语保持一致。若后面有两个或两个以上的名词作主语时，则应采取“就近原则”，即谓语应与邻近的主语在数上保持一致。There are goin
96、g to be two basketball matches this afternoon.今天下午将有两场篮球比赛。There is a pencil and some notebooks on the desk.在书桌上有一支铅笔和一些笔记本。应用体验1用There be结构补全句子我们学校这个周末有一场电影。There_is_going_to_be a film in our school this weekend.我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。There_is_a_teacher_and_many_students in our classroom.在那座山的山顶上矗立着一座高塔。T
97、here_stands_a_tall_tower on the top of the hill.机场外有很多粉丝正等着见那位著名的歌手。There_are_many_fans_waiting to see the famous singer outside the airport.(二)含有There be的重要的特殊表达方式1There is no denying that .“不可否认”There is no denying that it was my teachers encouragement and help that resulted in my steady progress.
98、不可否认，是老师的鼓励和帮助让我稳步前进。2There is no doubt that .“毫无疑问”(20186月浙江高考写作)There is no doubt that I have little difficulty communicating with foreigners.毫无疑问，我与外国人交流几乎没有什么困难。3There is no need to do .“没有必要做”There is no need to worry about it as the government is now making every effort to provide more jobs.没必
99、要为此担心，因为现在政府正在尽一切努力提供更多的工作岗位。4There is no sense/point in doing .“做是没有意义的/道理的”There is no sense in leaving important decisions to inexperienced people.把重要决定留给没有经验的人是没有道理的。5There is no use doing .“做是没用的”There is no use regretting when time passed by.时间流逝，后悔是没有用的。应用体验2用There be特殊表达方式补全句子毫无疑问，写英语日记对你的英语
100、书面表达很有帮助。There_is_no_doubt_that_keeping_an_English_diary helps you a lot with written English.争吵是没有用的。你要学会让对方理解你所说的。There_is_no_use_quarrelling.You need to learn to make yourself understood.给孩子们购买昂贵的衣服没有意义，因为他们很快就长大而没法穿了。There_is_no_sense_in_buying_expensive_clothes_for_children,_as they soon grow o
101、ut of them.这里一切都好，不用牵挂。Everything is fine with me; there_is_no_need_for_you_to_be_concerned.专题过关训练用There be结构补全句子1(2018江苏高考书面表达)毫无疑问，完全依赖消费排名是不明智的。 There_is_no_doubt_that_it_is_unwise_to_depend_completely_on the ratings in consumption.2(2016全国卷书面表达)附在该邮件中的是我的工作申请表和个人简历。There_is_my_job_application_fo
102、rm_and_personal_resume attached to this email.3(2016全国卷书面表达)然而我担心附件里面有一些单词和格式的错误。But Im afraid that there_are_some_mistakes_about_the_words and format of the enclosure.4(2015天津高考书面表达)如果还有什么其他我可以为你做的事情，请尽快与我联系。If_there_is_anything_else_I_can_do_for_you,_please contact me as soon as possible.5(2015广东高
103、考写作)不可否认，它能增强人们的健康意识，但更有可能引起过度焦虑。There_is_no_denying_that_it_can_enhance_peoples_consciousness_of_health,_but it is more likely to result in overanxiety.6那儿会有寄宿家庭还是大学宿舍？Would_there_be_host_family_or university dormitory?增分句型(二)避免头重脚轻的it句型it除了用作人称代词外，还常用作形式主语或形式宾语，有时也可以用在一些固定句型中。灵活地运用it句型可使文章更高级，结构更紧
104、凑。(一)it作形式主语的常用句型在英语中，为了避免头重脚轻，经常运用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语后置，作真正主语的常为动词不定式(短语)或从句，有时也可用动名词(短语)。1It takes (sb.) some time/energy/effort .to do sth.“做某事花费(某人的)时间/精力”It took them about half an hour to work out the difficult maths problem.他们花了大约半个小时的时间才解出这道数学难题。2It is (was)形容词(of/for sb.) to do sth./It is (was)
105、形容词that .(2018江苏高考书面表达)In that case, it is both convenient and economical to buy books according to the ratings.在那种情况下，按消费排名购买图书既方便又经济。(2017全国卷书面表达)Its necessary that you have a good knowledge of Tang Poetry.你对唐诗有很好的了解是很有必要的。3It is (was)名词(for sb.) to do sth./It is (was)名词that .It is a tradition and
106、 virtue for us Chinese people to help those in need.帮助需要帮助的人是我们中华民族的传统和美德。(2017全国卷书面表达)Its really a good idea that we should spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty.我们应该花点时间简要了解唐朝的历史，这的确是个好主意。4It is/was过去分词that .(2018全国卷书面表达)It is believed that the English short film w
107、ill be not only meaningful but also interesting.相信这部英文短片不仅有意义，而且很有趣。5It seems/appears/happensthat .“似乎，碰巧”It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park.似乎没有人知道公园里发生了什么事。6It is the first/second .time that .“这是第一/二次”(2017天津高考书面表达)It is the first time that I have been a volunteer, so I am no
108、w receiving all the training involved.这是我第一次做志愿者，所以我现在正接受所有相关的培训。7It is/has been一段时间since .“自从以来已经有多长时间了”It is already three months since he worked in this company, and now he still cant find a job.自从他离开这家公司以来已有三个月了，他现在还没有找到一份工作。8It is/was (about/high) time that .“是的时候了”It is high time that you shou
109、ld make/made a decision.该是你做出决定的时候了。9It goes without saying that .“不用说”Therefore, it goes without saying that it is this proverb that brings me motivation and encouragement.因此，不用说是这句谚语给我带来了动力和鼓励。应用体验1用it作形式主语补全句子(2018全国卷书面表达)这是体验中国文化非常好的一个机会。It_is_a_really_good_opportunity_to_experience Chinese cult
110、ure.(2017全国卷书面表达)据说将会展出来自全中国的专家制作的大量的剪纸作品。Its_said_that a large number of papercutting works by experts throughout China will be on shown.(2016全国卷书面表达)非常遗憾星期天下午我不能和你一起去书店了。Its_a_great_pity_that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Sunday afternoon.我有可能会在这所学校里以一名志愿者的身份当助教。It_is_likely_that_I_will
111、_work_as_a_volunteer for the school as a teaching assistant.而且，多与你的美国朋友一起参加户外活动对你更好，这会有助于你放松，玩得开心。Whats more, it_is_better_for_you_to_join_in_more_outdoor_activities with your American friends, which may help you relax and have fun.(二)it作形式宾语及其他的常用句型it除了可以作形式主语外，还可作形式宾语。it作形式宾语和在一些常用句型中的应用都可以提升文章的档次
112、，使文章更高级。1动词it形容词/名词to do/doing/that从句(常见的动词有：find, feel, think, consider, make, believe, guess, suppose, assume)(2017全国卷书面表达)I think it great fun to learn the poems written in the Tang Dynasty with you.我觉得和你一起学习唐诗是很有趣的。2I would appreciate it if .“如果我将感激不尽”(2016全国卷书面表达)I would appreciate it very much
113、 if you could check the contents and format for me.如果你能为我检查一下内容和格式，我将不胜感激。3Sb.likes/loves/hates/dislikes it when .“某人喜欢/不喜欢”I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone.我不喜欢在电话上不得不说法语。应用体验2用it作形式宾语补全句子(2018全国卷书面表达)我认为采纳我的建议对你有很大帮助。I consider it_of_great_help_to_you_to_take_my_suggestions.(2
114、017全国卷书面表达)作为你亲密的朋友，我认为这对你来说是一个很好的机会，所以我想告诉你一些有关它的细节。As your close friend, I_think_it_a_great_opportunity_for_you,_so Id like to tell you some details about it.父母通常有如此高的期望值，以至于孩子觉得很难达到父母的期望。Parents usually have such high expectations that their children find_it_hard_to_live_up_to_them.不论他在哪里，他都把早餐前散
115、步当成一种习惯。No matter where he is, he makes_it_a_rule_to_go for a walk before breakfast.专题过关训练用it句式补全句子1(2018北京高考书面表达)我突然想到，像茶文化这样的传统文化具有极大的魅力和巨大的价值。It_suddenly_hit_me_that traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge value.2(2017全国卷书面表达)我认为这会让你感兴趣，因为你一直热衷于乒乓球运动。I_consider_it_interes
116、ting_for_you,_for you have been enthusiastic about table tennis.3(2016北京高考书面表达)在我看来，保护地球是每个人的责任。As far as Im concerned, it_is_everyones_duty_to_protect_the_earth.4(2016北京高考书面表达)更好地利用用过的材料是个好主意。It_is_a_good_idea_that we make better use of used materials.5(2014北京高考书面表达)不久之后，我们学校存车处有了两个入口，使得我们在那里存放自行车更
117、加容易。Soon afterwards, there are two entrances to the parking place in our school, making_it_easier_for_us_to_park_our_bikes_there.6这是我第一次跨出国门，踏上异国土地。It_is_the_first_time_I_have_left my country and set foot on foreign soil.7我们从第一中学毕业已经十年了。It_is/has_been_ten_years_since we graduated from the No.1 High School.8据说教授已经成功完成了这个实验。Its_said_that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment.