1、 1.(2014届江苏省高三百校联合调研测试（一）英语试卷）Climate change could affect food supplies, water resources, human health and homes.If greenhouse gas emissions keep increasing at the current rate, global temperature is expected to rise between 2C and 6C by 2100. This doesnt sound much, but a 5C change is the differenc
2、e between the current warm period and an ice age. Global warming leads to other changes in the climate: melting ice, more evaporation(蒸发), changes in geographical patterns of rainfall, heavier downpours separated by longer dry spells, more frequent heat waves, more intense hurricanes, and sea level
3、rise. These changes could affect crop growth as drought, increased evaporation and shrinking glaciers（冰川）disrupt water supply. Some crops could suffer heat stress. While there may be benefits in some regions, overall climate change is likely to have a negative impact on global food supplies. The imp
4、acts of climate change on agriculture will vary widely around the world. A global temperature rise of 12 C is expected to increase food production in some regions, particularly mid-latitude areas. But in tropical regions even a small amount of warming could reduce crop yields. A temperature rise of
5、3 C or more could threaten global food resources, as all regions are likely to experience negative impacts overall.Freshwater resources could also diminish, especially in tropical regions, as rain patterns change and evaporation speeds up. Some communities could lose essential melt water as glaciers
6、 disappear, while more intense rainfall and hurricanes could cause more flooding, leading to water pollution and bacterial diseases such as cholera（霍乱）becoming more widespread. Climate change could lead to a variety of health impacts both positive and negative. On the negative side, scientists antic
7、ipate more cases of malnutrition, heatstroke and waterborne diseases such as cholera. Although some populations will benefit from a reduced risk of cold-related illnesses such as hypothermia, overall a warming world is likely to have negative effects on human health.Scientists also expect damage to
8、homes and buildings from more intense hurricanes, heavier rainfall and rising sea levels. Climate change is likely to affect infrastructure by increasing the risk of both coastal and inland flooding around the world, owing to a combination of heavier rainfall, rising sea levels and increased storm d
9、amage. Homes and buildings could also be affected by the thawing of frozen ground and greater risk of forest fires.The consequences of climate change will have an impact on people around the world. 49With global temperature increased by 12 C, _.A. crops yields could be increased in tropical regionsB
10、. food production could rise throughout the worldC. chances are that food resources would be threatened overallD. mid-latitude areas are likely to experience positive impacts50The underlined word “hypothermia” in Paragraph 6 possibly means a serious medical condition caused by_.A. lower temperature
11、than normalB. higher temperature than normalC. more cases of malnutritionD. cases of waterborne diseases51According to the passage, climate change has both positive and negative effects on _.A. food supplies and buildingsB. freshwater resources and homesC. human health and food suppliesD. human heal
12、th and homes52The passage is mainly meant to tell us _.A. how global warming leads to changes in the climate B. how climate change affects people worldwide C. why climate change affects our crop growthD. why climate change contributes to all bad results2.(2014届江苏省南京市高三第二次英语模拟试卷）Air pollution is a le
13、ading cause of cancer and classified among Group 1,or top, human carcinogens (致癌物质), said the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which is the World Health Organizations (WHO) cancer agency, on Oct 17,2013.The most widely used system for classifying carcinogens comes from the IARC, w
14、hich places them into five groups. Group 1 carcinogens definitely cause cancer in humans. Group 2A is probably carcinogenic to humans, Group 2B is possibly carcinogenic, the carcinogenicity of Group 3 in humans is unclassifiable, and Group 4 is probably not carcinogenic to humans. Only a little more
15、 than 100 are classified as Group 1 cancer-causing substances, including ultraviolet radiation and tobacco smoke.“Our task was to evaluate the air everyone breathes rather than focus on specific air pollutants,” the lARCs Dana Loomis said in a statement. “The results from the reviewed studies point
16、in the same direction: the risk of developing lung cancer is significantly increased in people exposed to air pollution.”In 2010, lung cancer resulting from air pollution killed 223,000 people worldwide, and there was also convincing evidence that it increases the risk of bladder (膀腕) cancer, accord
17、ing to the IARC.Air pollution is already known to raise risks for a wide range of illnesses, including respiratory and heart diseases.Air pollution is global, although the levels of it vary over space and time.Loomis said people in Asia, eastern North America, some places in Central America and Mexi
18、co, as well as North Africa have relatively high exposure. Developing countries with large populations and booming manufacturing sectors, such as China, are particularly at risk.Many cities in China, such as Beijing, frequently see smog. This week, Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang province,
19、became the first Chinese city to officially suspend classes due to serious smogMany developed countries face similar problems, although to a lesser degree than most developing nations. In Europe, levels of many pollutants have fallen. But between 91 and 96 percent of Europeans living in cities are e
20、xposed to levels of PM2.5tiny particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometersthat are higher than the WHO safety limits, says a report published by the European Environment Agency on Oct 15.Although both the composition and levels of air pollution can vary dramatically from one location to th
21、e other, the 1ARC said its conclusions apply to all regions of the world.“Given the scale of the exposure affecting people worldwide, this report should send a strong signal to the international community to take action without further delay,” said Christopher Wild, director of the IARC.53What might
22、 be the best title of the passage?A. Signals of air pollutionB. Safety limits of air pollutionC. Air pollution, cancer riskD. Air pollution, smog risk54Whats the main task of IARC?A. To focus on cancer-causing substances.B. To evaluate the air quality.C. To study the developing risk of cancer.D. To
23、send signals to the international community.55Why should the international community take action without further delay?A. The composition and levels of air pollution vary from place to place.B. More and more people in developing countries are exposed to air pollution.C. Developed countries face air
24、pollution, the level of which is higher than the safety limits.D. A large number of people worldwide are exposed to air pollution.3.(2014届河北省邯郸市高三第一次模拟考试英语试卷）Recently a study, led by Pedro Hallal of the Federal University, suggests that nearly a third of adults, 31%, are not getting enough exercise.
25、 That rates of exercise have declined is hardly a new discovery. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, technology and economic growth have helped to create a world in which taking exercise is more and more an option rather than a necessity. But only recently have enough good data been co
26、llected from enough places to carry out the sort of analysis Dr Hallal and his colleagues have engaged in.There are common themes in different places. Unsurprisingly, people in rich countries are less active than those in poor ones, and old people are less active than young ones. Less obviously, wom
27、en tend to exercise less than men34% are inactive, compared with 28% of men. But there are exceptions. The women of Croatia, Finland, Iraq and Luxembourg, for example, move more than their male countrymen.Malta wins the race for most slothful country, with 72% of adults getting too little exercise,
28、and Swaziland and Saudi Arabia are in close behind, with 69%. In Bangladesh, just 5% of adults fail to exercise enough. Surprisingly, six Americans in ten are active enough according to Dr Hallals study, compared with fewer than four in ten British. These high rates of inactivity are worrying. Human
29、 beings seem to have evolved(进化) to benefit from exercise while deliberately avoiding it whenever they can. In a state of nature it would be impossible to live a life that did not provide enough of it. But that is no longer the case. Actually lack of enough activity these days has nearly the same ef
30、fect on life span(寿命) as smoking.56We may learn from Paragraph 1 that_.A. the decline of exercise rates is newly discovered B. the study suggests 31% of female adults get too little exercise C. the good enough data has been collected from only one countryD. the industrial revolution has changed the
31、way people live to some degree57According to the study, women of Luxembourg_. A. have little time to exercise B. hate to get regular exerciseC. take more exercise to lose weightD. exercise more than men in their country58The underlined word “slothful” in Paragraph 3 most probably means_.A. powerfulB
32、. richC. lazyD. unpopular59What can be the best title for the text? A. Worldwide Lack of Enough ExerciseB. New Health DiscoveryC. Evolvement of Human Beings D. Benefits of Taking Exercise4.(2014届辽宁省大连市第三中学高三上学期期末考试英语试卷）American children are not the only couch potatoes with nearly one third of childr
33、en globally spending 3 hours a day or more watching TV or on computers, according to the study of over 70,000 teens in 34 nations.From Argentina to Zambia, Regina Guthold of the World Health Organization in Geneva and her colleagues found most children were not getting enough exercise and that it ma
34、de no difference whether they live in a rich or a poor country. “With regards to physical levels, we didnt find much of a difference between rich and poor countries,” Guthold said, “Growing up in a poor country doesnt necessarily mean kids get more physical activities.”The researchers defined adequa
35、te physical activity as at least an hour of exercise outdoors for at least 5 days a week. Children spending 3 or more hours a day watching TV, playing computer games or chatting with friends were classified as sedentary.The researchers found only a quarter of the boys and 15 percent of the girls wer
36、e getting enough exercise by these definitions. A quarter of boys and nearly 30% of girls were sedentary and didnt get enough exercise with girls less active than boys in every country aside from Zambia.Girls from India were the most active with 37 percent meeting exercise recommendation, while girl
37、s from Egypt were the least active with 4 percent getting enough exercise. Children in Myanmar were the least sedentary while the most sedentary nations were St .Lucia and the Cayman Islands.People show deep concern for kids lack of physical activity in various nations. Why do they have a low level
38、of physical activity? Guthold speculated（认为）that urbanization could be a factor as well as easy access to cars and TVs.60If you are sedentary, you _. A. are a diligent student spending much time doing homeworkB. have at least an hour of exercise outdoors 5 days a week.C. like watching TV and playing
39、 computer gamesD. spend longer hours sitting or lying without moving61Which of the following statements is true as to Gutholds finding?A. Most children around the world dont meet the exercise recommendation.B. Girls in every country are no more active than boys.C. Children in rich countries relative
40、ly get less physical activity.D. Only 4% of the girls from Egypt are not active in exercise.62All the following statements are wrong except _.A. Children in poor countries get more physical activities.B. Girls in Egypt are more active than those in India.C. Couch potatoes are those children addicted
41、 to snacks.D. Children in Myanmar are less sedentary than those in St .Lucia.63What would the writer be most likely to discuss in detail in the paragraph that follows?A. The suitable amount of physical activities for students.B. Some of the factors for the popularity of cars and TVs among the kids.C
42、. The reasons behind the lack of physical activities.D. The ways to make the most of cars and TVs.5.(2014届江苏省苏州市高三1月调研测试英语试卷）A new study links heavy air pollution from coal burning to shorter lives in northern China. Researchers estimate that the half-billion people alive there in the 1990s will liv
43、e an average of 5 years less than their southern counterparts because they breathed dirtier air.China itself made the comparison possible: for decades, a now-discontinued government policy provided free coal for heating, but only in the colder north. Researchers found significant differences in both
44、 particulate pollution of the air and life expectancy in the two regions.While previous studies have found that pollution affects human health, the deeper and ultimately more important question is the impact on life expectancy, said one of the researchers, Michael Greenstone, a professor of environm
45、ental economics at Massachusetts Institute of 一Technology. This study provides a unique setting to answer the life expectancy question because the(heating) policy dramatically changes pollution concentrations（含量），Greenstone said in an email. Further, due to the low rates of migration in China in thi
46、s period, we can know peoples exposure over long time periods, he said.The policy gave free coal for fuel boilers to heat homes and offices to cities north of the Huai Riv饥which divides China into north and south. It was in effect for much of the 1950-198,0 period of central planning, and, though di
47、scontinued after 1980, it has left a legacy（遗留） in the north of heavy coal burning, which releases particulate pollutants into the air that can harm human health. Researchers found no other government policies that treated Chinas north differently from the south.The researchers collected data for 90
48、 cities, from 1981 to 2000, on the annual daily average concentration of total suspended（悬浮的）particulates. In China, those are considered to be particulates that are 100 micrometers or less in diameter, sent out from sources including power stations, construction sites and vehicles. Among them, PM2.
49、5 is of especially great health concern because it can go deep into the lungs.The researchers estimated the impact on life expectancies using death data from 1991-2000 They found that in the north, the concentration of particulates was 184 micrograms per cubic meter一or 55 percent higher than in the
50、south, and life expectancies were 5.5 years lower on average across all age ranges.64The main idea of this passage is thatA. research in China finds air pollution shortened life expectancyBthe government provided free coal for heating in North ChinaCcoal burning causes bad air quality across ChinaD.
51、 a new study finds different particulates in South China65According to Greenstone,greatly contributed to the high pollution concentrations in North China.A. power stations B. construction sitesC. the free heating policy D. gases from vehicles66It is implied in the passage thatA. coal is no longer us
52、ed for heating in North ChinaBair quality was comparatively better in South ChinaC. southerners burned coals for heating in the 1980sDpeople preferred to live in South China after 198067The underlined word particulates most probably meansA. dirty clouds B. particular smokeC. harmful dust D. dangerou
53、s bacteria6.(2014届湖南省怀化市高三第一次模拟考试英语试卷）It is generally believed that we are getting cleaned when we step under a shower. We are, but were also giving a home to lots of tiny little creatures we didnt even know about. A showerhead carries thousands of bacteria called MycobacteriumThese can cause proble
54、ms like coughs and tiredness, and a general feeling of poorliness (身体不舒服). When you turn on the water, the bacteria go from the showerhead onto and into your body.This is a finding of Norman R. Pace and his team at the University of Colorado, in the US. The scientists investigated bacteria in all ki
55、nds of human environment, including showersPaces team looked at 45 showerheads in nine American cities. They discovered that 30 percent of them had large amounts of flying Mycobacterium. But Pace said that they pose few threats to the healthOnly those with a weak immune system might need to worryHe
56、told the New York Times that the bacteria are not as unpleasant as might be thoughtHe said that having a shower is no more dangerous than anything else we do in the morningBut for those who feel sick about the idea of all those microorganisms (微生物), he had some advice. Let the water run for 30 secon
57、ds before getting into the shower. Why? The number of bacteria is smaller than that when the water is just turned on. If that seems like a waste of water, he added that you could also change your showerhead every few months.However, Pace had good news too. He has also been testing the air in US subw
58、ays. Apart from iron particles (粒子), which are ground off the track by the wheels of trains, subway air is fresh. The reason is that a trains movement pumps fresh outdoor air into the tunnels.Pace explained that he wanted to understand the natural microbial environments of public places. This kind o
59、f knowledge might help discover the microbes to be used in a bioterrorist (生物恐怖分子) attack.68From the finding of Norman R. Pace, after taking a shower, we might cough or feel tired because .A. its easy to get a cold when taking a bathB. the showerhead carries many bacteria causing illness C. we dont
60、get cleaned while showeringD. we dont get a weak immune system69According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. Hot water could kill most of bacteria in showerheads.B. Of 45 showerheads surveyed in nine cities, 30 carried large amounts of Mycobacterium.C. Changing showerheads is the only
61、 way to avoid microorganisms.D. Shower water contains much less bacteria after being left to run for 30 seconds. 70We can learn from the third paragraph that .A. having a shower in the morning is more dangerous than at other timeB. the bacteria always threat peoples health C. there is no reason to f
62、ear microorganisms for people with strong immune systemD. it is better to do some exercise in the morning than have a shower71The underlined word “pose” in the third paragraph probably means “_”A. cause B. avoid C. describe D. promise72What contributes to fresh air in US subways?A.The trains movemen
63、t. B. Iron particlesC. Train wheels. D. Air conditioners on the trains7.(2014届福建省漳州市七校高三第二次联考英语试卷）Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with natureHowever, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great infl
64、uence on the environment.Some sports are resource-hungryGolf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of waterBesides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses (球场) in good conditionThis causes major environmental effectsFor e
65、xample, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areasThere are many environment-friendly sportsPower walking is one of them that you could take up todayYou dont need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes; and you d
66、ont have to worry about resources and your purseSimple and free, power walking can also keep you fitIf you walk regularly, it will be good for your heart and bonesExperts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control.Whatever spo
67、rt you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materialsBut the final goal should be “green gyms”They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centersMembers of green gyms play sports outdoors, in t
68、he countryside or other open spacesThere is no special requirement for you to start your membershipAnd best of all, its free.73The author thinks the golf is resource-hungry because of the following EXCEPT that _.AGolf wastes large areas of countrysideBGolf runs out of much waterCGolf is bad for peop
69、les healthDKeeping golf court in good condition needs too much energy74According to the passage, which of the following is an environment-friendly sport?Ahiking in the hills Bswimming in the poolCplaying basketball in the gym Dmotor racing in the desert75The reason why the author uses power walking
70、as an example mainly is that _.Ait improves our health Bit is an outdoor sportCit is recommended by experts D. it uses fewer resources 76The passage is developed mainly by _.Aexamples and explanationBcomparison and persuasionCfacts and descriptionsDfigures and conclusion【答案及其解析】【答案】49D50A51C52B【解析】
71、health impacts both positive and negative.可知气温变暖对食品产量和人的健康有负面和正面的影响，选C52主旨题：从全文和最后一段的句子：The consequences of climate change will have an impact on people around the world.可知这篇文章主要是告诉读者全球气温变暖对世界范围的人的影响，选B【答案】53C54B55D【解析】【答案】56D57D58C59A【解析】D【答案】60D61A62D63C【解析】63根据最后一段“People show deep concern for ki
72、ds lack of physical activity in various nations. Why do they have a low level of physical activity?”可知，接下来的一段可能会分析现在的儿童缺乏锻炼的原因。故选C。【答案】64A65C66B67C 【解析】【答案】68B69D70C71A72A【解析】【答案】73C74A75D76B【解析】运动可以让人保持健康也可以让人们接近大自然。然而不管你是在大山里，还是草地上运动，都应该注意人们对运动的选择都可能会影响到地球的环境。在文章中作者鼓励人们要多进行环保的、不消耗自然动，答案选D。76B推理判断题。文章开头提出人们选择的运动会对环境产生影响，然后以高尔夫为例介绍了消耗资源的运动方式，又以疾走锻炼为例讲述了环保型运动方式，最后又提出Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials，由此判断文章的行文发展是采用了对比和劝说的写作方法，答案选B。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m