1、主备人： 审稿人： 编号：03一牢记规则非谓语动词是语法学习的重点，也是高考必考的语法项目。英语中有三种非谓语动词，即动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词。动词的过去分词用法较多，可以用作定语、表语、状语、宾语补足语等，相当于形容词或副词。下面重点归纳一下过去分词作定语和表语的用法。1 及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动，又表示完成。The cup is broken.茶杯破了。The door is closed.门是关着的。The door remained closed.门依然锁着。He felt rather let down by their fai
2、lure.他们的失败使他感到相当失望。He seemed quite delighted at the idea.听了这想法他似乎很高兴。Everything is settled now.一切都解决了。The room was packed with people.屋里挤满了人。The article is written at last.文章终于写出来了。He is deeply read in the classics.他精通古典文学。I am convinced of his honesty.我深信他的诚实。Are you satisfied that I am telling the
3、 truth?你相信我说的是实话吗？2 不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作的完成。The stick is burnt.木棒燃烧过了。Youre mistaken.你错了。Gone are the days when they could do what they liked.他们为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。Hes gone.他走了。3 有些过去分词作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。Where is LuXun buried?鲁迅葬在哪儿？Thank heavens! The boy is saved.谢天谢地，孩子得救了。4 注意过去分词作表语与被
4、动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态表示动作。The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.茶杯是昨天我小妹妹打碎的。（是被动语态，表示动作）The library is usually closed at 6.图书馆通常六点关门。（被动）The library is now closed.图书馆关门了。（过去分词作表语）The book was written by a soldier.这书是一位战士写的。（被动）The book is well written.书写的很好。（过去分词做表语）They were c
5、rowded into one room.他们被塞到一间房内。（被动）The street is crowed with people.街上很拥挤。（表语）This point has not been covered yet.这一点还没谈到。（被动）The ground is covered with snow.地上尽是雪。（表语）He had been injured twice that year.那年他曾两次负伤（被动）He was injured in the leg.他腿部受了伤。（表语）The bridge was completed in 1968.这座桥是1968年建的。（被
6、动）The bridge is completed.桥已建好。（表语）5 过去分词作表语与-ing形式作表语的区别过去分词表示被动或完成，-ing形式表示主动或进行。有些动词如 interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten 等通常用过去分词形式来修饰人，-ing形式来修饰物。The book is interesting and Im interested in it. 这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。The film was moving and I was deeply moved by it. 电影很动人，我深深被它打动。作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑
7、主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。1 过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。The child gave a cry and with outstretched arms ran forward. 那孩子叫了一声，伸开两臂向前跑去。We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。Did you pay a visit to the tomb of the Unknown Soldier? 你去看了无名英雄之墓？A broken cup is lying
8、 on the floor. 地上有一只被打破的杯子。The excited children didnt know how to do with themselves. 这些兴奋的孩子们不知该如何是好。Soon our respected and beloved leaders entered the hall. 不久我们敬爱的领导人走进了大厅。This is a complicated problem. 这是一个相当复杂的问题。2 单个的过去分词用作定语，也可放在其所修饰的名词之后。这种置于名词之后的过去分词往往具有暂时性，其动词的性质较强。He wants his eggs fried.
9、 他要吃炸鸡蛋。（尚未炸好，fried eggs 则意为“煎好的鸡蛋”，带有永久性）He himself took the letters written to the post. 他亲自将所写好的信送到邮局。（written=that he had written, written letters 则意为“书写的信件”，非打字的信件）3 用作定语的过去分词多表示已完成的动作，但有时其所表示的动作却尚未完成或有待于将来完成。The workers demand increased wages. 工人要求增加工资。4 过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，
10、但较从句简洁，多用于书面语中。The concert given by their friends was a success. 他们朋友举行的音乐会大获成功。The meeting held yesterday was very important. 昨天开的那个会非常重要。A boy called Tom is coming. 一个叫汤姆的男孩正走过来。5 过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero.他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的
11、有5千多人。Some of them, born and brought up in the countryside, had never seen a train.他们当中有一些人，生长在农村，从未见过火车。This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.这种观点可以通过许多方法得到证实，现在大多数专家持有这种观点。Three tall animals,covered with long dark hair ,were crossing the roads.三只高大的动物，全身长满长长的黑毛，
12、正在横穿道路。6 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接相关。The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 那男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。There was a puzzled look on her face. 她脸上带着迷惑不解的表情。固定说法：a decided step 决定性的步骤 a determined effort 坚定的努力a foregone conclusion已成定论 a devoted friend一个忠实的朋友a practiced man一个技艺熟
13、练的人7 一般来说，用作定语的过去分词短语所表示的时间应与句中的谓语动词一致，但有时则可能表示不同的时间。The only car repaired by the mechanic is mine. 由这位技师修过的唯一一辆车是我的（这句话中的repaired可能是that is being repaired,但也可能意为that is repaired, that will be repaired或that was repaired.当然，其确切意义一般可以上下文看出。）二即学即练A 单项选择1. The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most disti
14、nguished building at that time.A. to be completed B. having been complete C. completed D. being completed2. The prize of game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _ vacation to China.A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid3. Tom sounds very much_ in the job, but Im not sure whether he can manag
15、e it.A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly 4. Without more coal _ the fire, it would soon go out.A. adding to B. added C. added to D. added up to 5. Lessons_ easily are soon forgotten.A. to learn B. learn C. learned D. learning 6. The wallet _ several days ago was found_ in t
16、he dustbin outside the building.A. stolen; hidden B. stealing; hiding C. stealing; hidden D. stolen; hiding7. The international agreement, _ encourage children not to smoke and help people kick the habit, was signed on February 27.A. intending to B. being intended to C. intended to D. to intend to 8
17、. -Do you know anything about the meeting_ in Italy?-Yes, and as a matter of fact I attended it.A. to be held B. held C. being held D. to hold 9. From the dates _ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago.A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been marked 10. Mr. S
18、mith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel.A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring 11. - How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? - The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A. to solving; making B. to solving
19、; made C. to solve; making D. to solve; made 12. The glass was broken by the cat, and it is now _.A. broken B. breaking C. being broken D. to be broken 13. The plan, _ last year, was of great importance.A. being carried out B. carried out C. to be carried out D. carrying out 14. - Who would you like
20、 to see at the moment? - The man _ Mr. White.A. called himself B. we call him C. calling him D. is called 15. The _ look on his face showed that he hadnt expected it.A. astonished B. astonishing C. being astonished D. having astonished16. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine s
21、he had had_ went wrong again.A. it was repaired B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired 17. -Im very _ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. - Mm, it does have a _ smell.A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant 18. The question is ve
22、ry difficult _; youd better ask for help.A. to deal with B. dealt with C. dealing with D. to be dealt 19. Recently more and more farmers have _ the government rather than nature for help.A. appealed to B. centered on C. attended to D. lived up to 20. Despite her illness, she has lost_ of her enthusi
23、asm for life.A. no one B. none C. nothing D. nobody21. Mary_ Harry, that woolen hat, the jacket, but she returned home with her empty car.A. couldnt have recognized B. neednt have recognizedC. ought to have recognized D. must have recognized22. As we crossed the ninety-mile Death Valley, some of our
24、 oxen_ by the water they_ from the ponds found on the way.A. poisoned; have drunk B. were poisoned; had drunkC. poisoned; were drinking D. were poisoned; drank 23. “Put that money somewhere safe_ it gets stolen,” her mother said.A. before B. while C. as D. until 24. My first novel_ by six publishers
25、 was set in my childhood in my home town.A. rejecting B. to be rejected C. rejected D. being rejected25. The country boy_ many strange things in the city. He felt greatly shocked as if he had entered a future world.A. was exposed to B. was exposing to C. exposed to D. is exposed to 26. The scientist
26、 is_ in many fields of knowledge and is respected greatly.A. distinguishing B. distinguished C. to distinguish D. to be distinguished 27. “Time_ will never be found again!” I couldnt help talking to myself.A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost 28. When we digest food, we change it into a form_ a
27、nd used by body.A. taken in B. taking in C. to take in D. took inB 动词填空：1. The _ (frighten) child burst into tears.2. The English _ (speak) at that time was quite different from the English _ (speak) today.3. _ (experience) editors and reporters make informed decisions about what events to report an
28、d how to report them.4. I felt very_(tire).5. The book that he read is well_ (write).6. You do not feel_ (invite) to join them.7. But he became _ (inspire) when he heard his teachers words.8. He seemed quite_ (delight) at the idea.9. I live in a very old town which is_ (surround) by beautiful woods.
29、10. So many thousands of _ (terrify) people died.11. All the _ (break) windows have been repaired.12. Its a pity that you missed the sports meeting _ (hold) last week.13. Our men were heavily _ (defeat) in the battle.14. Now that you have done that, stop _ (blame) yourself.15. The river has been _ (
30、pollute) by waste products from the factory.16. Each worker_ (contribute) one dollar to Red Cross.17. The owner took a look, gave a low whistle, then made a dive for the _ (reject) clothing and began to snatch it this way and that. 三高考链接1 The club, founded 25 years ago, is holding a party for past a
31、nd present members. A founded B founding C being founded D to be founded (2012上海卷)2 Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ at the meeting will influence the future of our company. (2012重庆卷)A to be made B being made C made D having been made 3 After completing and singing it,please ret
32、urn the form to us in the envelope _.A providing B provided C having provided D provide(2012山东卷)4 -Have you heard about that fire in market? -Yes, fortunately no one _. A hurt B was hurt C has hurt D had been hurt (2012北京卷)5 Tsinghua University, _ in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding fig
33、ures.A found B founding C founded D to be founded6 The players _ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.A selecting B to select C selected D having selected7 The rare fish, _ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.A saved B saving C to be saved D having
34、 saved In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.A sticking B stuck C to be stuck D to have stuck (2010福建卷) I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term.A completing B to complete C completed D being completed (2010山东卷)10 A great number of student
35、s _ said they were forced to practice the piano.A to question B to be questioned C questioned D questioning(2010四川卷)11 His first book _ next month is based on a true story.A published B to be published C to publish D being published(2010陕西卷)12 The traffic rule says young children under the age of fo
36、ur and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.A being weighed B to weigh C weighed D weighing (2010浙江卷) 13 Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop.A seated B seating C to seat D seat (2009四川卷)14 For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm.A grown B being grown C to be grown D to grow (2009全国二卷)