1、题型组合训练四（A）阅读理解阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。A(2018江西质检)The US president Donald Trump has popularized the phrase “fake news”. But not too long ago these words in combination would have meant little to everyday English speakers.Anatoly Liberman, a German, writes about the origins of the word “fake”
2、. The word, it turns out, has a very dark past. The best guess at how “fake” became the mainstream, argues Liberman, is that it was a kind used by thieves in the London underworld. But “how it got there, nobody in the world knows, and probably nobody will ever know,” he tells Quartz.Liberman is a pr
3、ofessor at the University of Minnesota and the author of Word Origins and How We Know Them. He writes that early records of “fake” as an English adjective appeared around the middle of the 18th century. The word likely comes from cant, or thief jargon(行话).The OED mentions “fake” as a verb starting i
4、n 1819, which basically meant “to do” in jargon, but also “to kill, wound, or rob”. An entry from a dictionary that year reads:“To fake any person or place, to rob them; to fake a person may also imply to shoot, wound, or cut; to fake a man out and out, is to kill him.”Liberman traces the word next
5、to Charles Dickens, who used “cly-faker”,where “cly” means pocket, in Oliver Twist. This is how he believes the knowledge of “fake” as a word that means to steal, spread. Eventually it became a commonplace English word.1.The underlined word “fake” in Paragraph 1 probably means . A.lyingB.trueC.commo
6、nD.interesting2.What can we learn about Anatoly Liberman?A.He is skilled in some foreign languages.B.He is interested in all the English words.C.He lived in England for a long time.D.He likes writing articles in English very much.3.What is mainly discussed in this passage?A.The history of English wo
7、rds.B.Some stories about English words.C.The importance of the English word “fake”.D.The origins of an English word.4.What can we infer from this passage?A.We must focus on the words of Donald Trump.B.We should study English words very carefully.C.“Fake” likely comes from words used by a class of pe
8、ople.D.Anatoly Liberman likes to trace the commonplace English words.答案语篇解读美国总统特朗普使得“假新闻”这个词成为流行词。文章探讨了“fake”这个词的起源。它曾是伦敦底层社会里小偷之间的行话,意为“做”“杀死”“偷”等。1.A词义猜测题。美国总统特朗普使得“假新闻”一词成为流行词。由此可知,fake的意思应为“假的”,故选A项。2.A推理判断题。由第三段中的“Liberman is a professor at the University of Minnesota and the author of Word Ori
9、gins and How We Know Them.”可知,Liberman是明尼苏达大学的教授,也是Word Origins and How We Know Them一书的作者。且在文中他探索了fake一词的起源。由此可以推知,他非常擅长外语。故选A项。3.D主旨大意题。由文章第二段中的“Anatoly Liberman, a German, writes about the origins of the word fake.”和下文的具体介绍可知,文章探讨了“fake”这个词的起源,也就是探索一个英语单词的起源,故选D项。4.C推理判断题。由第二段中的“The best guess at
10、how fake became the mainstream, argues Liberman, is that it was a kind used by thieves in the London underworld.”可知,Liberman提出,关于“fake”一词如何成为主流词,最可靠的猜测应该是,它曾是伦敦底层社会里小偷之间的行话,也就是社会某一阶层的人使用的语言,故选C项。B(2018课标全国)Good Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but s
11、he is cooking up a storm in her latest roleshowing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money:Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for u
12、nder 5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack,11.“We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,”
13、she explains.“I pay 5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”The eight-part series(系列节目), Save Money:Good Food, follows in the f
14、ootsteps of ITVs Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonights Easter special they come to the aid
15、of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the familys long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.5.What do we know about Susanna Reid?A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B.She has started a new programme.C.She dislikes working ea
16、rly in the morning.D.She has had a tight budget for her family.6.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A.He buys cooking materials for her.B.He prepares food for her kids.C.He assists her in cooking matters.D.He invites guest families for her.7.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A.Summari
17、ze the previous paragraphs.B.Provide some advice for the readers.C.Add some background information.D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.8.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB.Balancing Our Daily DietC.Making Yourself a Perfect ChefD.Cooking Well for Less答案语篇解读本文
18、介绍了英国节目主持人Susanna Reid创办的一档新节目Save Money:Good Food的相关情况。5.B细节理解题。根据第一段的but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role可知,她创办了一档新节目,故选B项。6.C推理判断题。根据第二段第一句话(在节目Save Money:Good Food中,她每周拜访一个不同的家庭,并且在厨师Matt Tebbutt的帮助下在准备每个家庭每天低于5英镑的食谱时提供如何减少食物浪费的很好的建议)可知,Matt Tebbutt在做饭方面帮助了Susanna,故选C项。7.C推理判断题。文章前三段
19、主要介绍了新节目Save Money:Good Food的相关情况,而第四段介绍了它和节目Save Money:Good Health的关系。由此推断本段主要补充这一节目的背景知识,故选C项。8.D主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章介绍了英国节目主持人Susanna Reid通过创办新节目Save Money:Good Food教给观众如何花更少的钱制作更美味的食物。故选D项。CYoure out to dinner. The food is delicious and the service is fine. You decide to leave a big fat tip. Why? The
20、 answer may not be as simple as you think.Tipping, psychologists have found, is not just about service. Instead, studies have shown that tipping can be affected by psychological reactions to a series of different factors from the waiters choice of words, to how they carry themselves while taking ord
21、ers, to the total bill. Even how much waiters remind customers of themselves can determine how much change they pocket by the end of the night.“Studies before have shown that mimicry(模仿) brings into positive feelings for the mimicker,” wrote Rick van Baaren, a social psychology professor. “These stu
22、dies show that people who are being mimicked become more generous toward the person who mimics them.”So Rick van Baaren divided 59 waiters into two groups. He requested that half serve with a phrase such as “Coming up!” Those in the other hall were instructed to repeat the orders and preferences bac
23、k to the customers. Rick van Baaren then compared their take-home pay. The results were clearit pays to mimic your customer. The copycat(模仿者) waiters earned almost double the amount of tips to the other group.Leonard Green and Joel Myerson, psychologists at Washington University in St. Louis, found
24、the generosity of a tipper may be limited by his bill. After research on the 1,000 tips left for waiters, cab-drivers, and hair stylists, they found tip percentages in these three areas dropped as customers bills went up. In fact, tip percentages appear to a plateau(稳定期) when bills topped $100 and a
25、 bill for $200 made the worker gain no bigger percentage tip than a bill for $100.“Thats also a point of tipping,” Green says. “You have to give a little extra to the cab-driver for being there to pick you up and something to the waiter for being there to serve you. If they werent there, youd never
26、get any service. So part of the idea of a tip is for just being there.”9.How many factors affect the customers tipping?A.6.B.5.C.4.D.3.10.What do the studies show?A.Mimicry brings into very bad feelings for the mimicker.B.The waiter who mimics people usually gets fewer tips that they give.C.The mimi
27、c waiters can get more money than those who dont mimic others.D.Tipping can be affected by physical reactions to many different waiters.11.What is the opinion of the author according to the passage?A.He gives his generous tip to waiters very often.B.He agrees with Mr. Green and Rick van Baaren about
28、 tipping.C.He objects to Mr. Greens idea about tipping.D.He thinks part of Mr. Greens explanation is reasonable.12.What is the best title of this passage?A.How Much to TipB.What Are TipsC.Where to Leave a Big Fat TipD.Tipping Is Very Important答案语篇解读文章分析了影响服务生所得小费的多少的因素。9.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的Tipping, psych
29、ologists have found, is not just about service. Instead, studies have shown that.by the end of the night.可知,不仅仅是服务(not just about service),服务生对用词的选择(the waiters choice of words)、服务生在顾客用餐时的举动(how they carry themselves while taking orders)、账单的总额(the total bill)以及服务生对顾客的提醒(how much waiters remind custo
30、mers of themselves)这五个方面影响了获得小费的多少,故选B项。10.C细节理解题。由第四段中的“The results were clearit pays to mimic your customer. The copycat(模仿者) waiters earned almost double the amount of tips to the other group.”可知,研究结果很明显,模仿顾客的服务生所得小费是其他服务生(即不模仿顾客的服务生)的两倍。故选C项。11.B推理判断题。第二段作者提出,很多因素影响了服务生所得小费的多少。下文作者列举Mr. Green和Ri
31、ck van Baaren的例子就是为了证明自己的观点。由此可以推知,作者是支持这两个人的观点的。故选B项。12.A主旨大意题。第二段提出:很多因素影响了服务生所得小费的多少。从第三段开始,作者用Rick van Baaren, Leonard Green和Joel Myerson的研究证明了第二段提出的观点。由此可知本文的主题是“该给多少小费”,故选A项。DNow people are very concerned about the food problem. Steve Wilson prefers organic fruit, delivered right to the doorst
32、ep. He is willing to pay for it. If this is not possible, the 30-year-old computer technician will spend the extra money at the supermarket to buy organic food.“Organic product is always better,” Wilson said. “The food is free of pesticides(农药), and you are generally supporting family farms instead
33、of large farms. And more often than not it is locally grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty.” Wilson is one of the growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business. But how many shoppers
34、 really know what they are getting, and why are they willing to pay a higher price for organic products? Market research shows that Wilson and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferencesbut their knowledge of organic food is far from complete. For example, smal
35、l amounts of pesticides can be used on organic products. And about three quarters of organic food in Britain is not local but imported(进口) to meet the growing demand. “The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year, so it is a very fast-growing market,” said Sue Flock, a spe
36、cialist in this line of business.13.Why does Steve Wilson prefer organic fruit?A.Because it is delivered right to the doorstep.B.Because more and more people buy organic fruit.C.Because he likes home-grown fruit very much.D.Because he considers the fruit free of pollution.14.What do the underlined w
37、ords “the organic trend” in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Getting the food anywhere.B.Growing the food at home.C.Better quality of organic food.D.Growing interest in organic food.15.Why does Sue Flock say it is a very fast-growing market?A.Because of a rapid increase in the demand for it.B.Because it is produc
38、ed on large farms.C.Because it cant be produced on family farms.D.Because of its proper prices.答案语篇解读这是一篇社会生活类文章。越来越多的人选择有机食物,因为他们认为有机食物无污染、更美味,从而引发了一场有机食品潮。13.D细节理解题。由第二段中的“The food is free of pesticides(农药)”可知,Steve Wilson认为有机食品没有农药,即没有污染,故选D项。14.D词义猜测题。由第一段中的“Steve Wilson prefers organic fruit, d
39、elivered right to the doorstep.”和第二段中的“Wilson is one of the growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend”可知,the organic trend指的是人们对有机食物越来越感兴趣,吃有机食物的人越来越多。故选D项。15.A细节理解题。由最后一段中的“The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year, so it is a very fast-growing market,”可知,对有机食物的需求以每年大约三分之一的速度增长,所以这是一个快速增长的市场。故选A项。