1、第 4 讲 非谓语动词考点一 非谓语动词作状语 1分词作状语分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语；一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。(1)现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主动关系。Hearing the news，they got excited.听到这个消息，他们很兴奋。(2)过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的被动关系。Given the right kind of training，these teenage soccer players may one day grow intointernational star
2、s.如果给予正确的训练，这些青少年足球运动员有一天也许会成为国际明星。2动词不定式作状语(1)动词不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也可以表示结果、原因等。She was surprised to see George walk in.看到乔治进来，她很惊讶。(2)动词不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用 in order to do，so as to do，to do 等，但 so as to do 不能置于句首。In order to pass the exam，he worked hard.为了通过考试，他努力学习。(3)作目的状语的动词不定式动作必须是主语发出的。To le
3、arn English well，his father bought him a dictionary.()对点演练单句语法填空1(2018北京卷，6)During the Mid-Autumn Festival，family members often gather together to share(share)a meal，admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.2(2020合肥第一次检测)Emperor Qin Shihuang simplified Chinese characters and regularrules were set，making
4、(make)it easier for people to learn and master.3In fact，I had heard nothing；possibly because of the noise I made while sliding(slide)down the rock.4 Scolded(scold)by his parents，Tom was in a low spirit.考点二 非谓语动词作定语 1动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。She is always the first to
5、 come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)她总是第一个到，最后一个离开。Have you got a letter to write？(动宾关系)你有一封信要写吗？Do you have the ability to read and write in English?(同位关系)你有用英语读写的能力吗？2分词作定语(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式为 doing，being done 和 done。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用 doing；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作正在进行时，用 being done；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关
6、系且表示分词动作已完成时，用 done。I have never seen a more moving film.我没看过比这部更令人感动的电影。The houses being built are for the teachers.正在建的房子是给老师的。The broken glass is Toms.这个打破了的杯子是汤姆的。(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为 doing 和 done，doing 表示正在进行；done 表示已经完成。boiling water 正沸腾的水 boiled water 开水3动名词作定语动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能。a walk
7、ing sticka stick for walking 手杖a sleeping cara car for sleeping卧铺车对点演练单句语法填空1(2020湖北八校第一次联考)No one can ignore the rich culture dating(date)back toancient times changing into the modern age at a speed and scale that has never been witnessed.2(2020洛阳第一次统考)The 15-year-old boy fromOakland has fascinated
8、 audiences in theUS.and China with his ability to sing(sing)pitch-perfect Mandarin(普通话)and perform theancient Chinese art form.3(2019山西长治二中等五校一联)With a puzzled(puzzle)look on my face，I pointedto myself and said，“Me？”4(2017北京卷，改编)Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time spent(spend)with
9、his students.考点三 非谓语动词作宾语 1动词不定式作宾语She will attempt to beat the world record.她试图要打破世界纪录。只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语：wish，hope，decide，refuse，promise，pretend，manage，plan，fail，choose，would like 等。2动词-ing 形式作宾语She likes drawing very much.她很喜欢画画。Mary is thinking of going back to New York.玛丽正考虑回纽约。只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语：sug
10、gest，imagine，mind，admit，practice，allow，advise，risk，keep，keep on，avoid，escape，enjoy，consider，excuse，finish，miss，insist on，look forward to，feel like，get down to，object to 等。对点演练单句语法填空1(2019湖北八校第一次联考)One learns a language by making mistakes and correcting(correct)them.2Before leaving，we spent half an h
11、our playing(play)with the students there.3(2019长春模拟)You can imagine how excited I was when I saw the bike，and I begged myuncle to teach me how to ride(ride)it right away.4(2017全国卷)Theresult is that people stop driving(drive)before they really needto.考点四 非谓语动词作宾补 1现在分词作宾补I looked up and noticed a sna
12、ke winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.我抬头注意到一条蛇正蜿蜒着爬上树去捕捉它的早餐。Listen!Do you hear someone calling for help?听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命了吗？2动词不定式作宾补Father will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。3过去分词作宾补I heard t
13、he song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。Ill have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发。I consider the matter settled.我认为这件事解决了。4with 复合结构作宾补withsb./sth.doing表主动且进行，或表特征sth.done表被动且完成，或表状态sth.to do表示将来With his work finished，he can watch TV.由于他完成了工作，他能去看电视了。对点演练单句语法填空1(2018天津卷)I need a new passport so I will have
14、 to have my photograph taken(take)2(2019济宁模拟)Let those in need understand(understand)that we will go all out tohelp them.3(2019龙口一模)When we saw the road blocked(block)with snow，we decided tospend the holiday at home.4I grow up with time going(go)by.考点五 非谓语动词作主语和表语 1动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作，
15、常用 it 作形式主语，而把真正的主语，即动词不定式移到句子的后面。Its a great pleasure to talk with you.和你交谈是一种很大的乐趣。2动名词作主语动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作。下列句型中常用动名词作主语：It is/was a waste(of.)/no use/no good doing sth.It is no good coming before that.在那之前来没有用。3动词不定式与动名词作表语动词不定式作表语表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作，而动名词作表语表示通常的情况。My dream is to enter Beij
16、ing University.我的梦想是考入北京大学。My job is teaching you English.我的工作是教你们英语。4分词作表语表示事物的特征或性质时，表语用现在分词；表示人的内心感受时，表语用过去分词。Please describe a dog that is frightening.请描述一只令人害怕的狗。Please describe a dog that is frightened.请描述一只惊恐的狗。对点演练单句语法填空/单句改错1(2018天津卷，改编)It took him a long time to acquire(acquire)the skills
17、he needed tobecome a good dancer.2(2019河南八市重点高中二次质检)I felt hopeless and alone，and more depressed(depress)than I knew was possible.3 (2019 郸 城 模 拟)Understanding (understand)your own needs and styles ofcommunication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.4It was both excited
18、 and frightening to be up there.excitedexciting 考点六 非谓语动词的时态和语态 1动词不定式的时态和语态时态形式意义主动语态被动语态一般式与句子谓语动词的动作同时发生或在谓语动词的动作之后发生to doto bedone进行式在谓语动词的动作发生时正在进行to be doing完成式在谓语动词的动作之前发生to havedoneto havebeen done完成进行式发生在谓语动词的动作之前并且持续到谓语动词的动作发生时仍在进行to havebeen doingThe boy pretended to be studying hard when
19、 his teacher came in.当老师进来的时候，那个男孩假装正在努力学习。The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.明天要举行的会议很重要。2动名词和现在分词的时态和语态时态形式意义主动语态被动语态一般式与谓语动词的动作同时或稍后发生doingbeingdone完成式先于谓语动词的动作完成having donehaving been doneDo you like playing chess?你喜欢下棋吗？Having finished his homework，he went to bed.完成作业后，他上床睡觉
20、了。3非谓语动词的主动语态表示被动意义(1)动词不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。This book is difficult to understand.这本书很难理解。(2)动词 need，want，require 作“需要”讲时，后跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，也可跟不定式的被动结构；be worth 后也用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。Your paper needs checking/to be checked again.你的试卷需要再检查一遍。对点演练单句语法填空1(2017全国卷)Scientists have f
21、ound that all kinds of plants give out VOCS when beingattacked(attack)2 Having finished(finish)his homework，Tom went home.3And finally he drew a conclusion that the water was to blame(blame)4(2019江西九江模拟)We will arrange the Badaling Great Wall for our guests today as it ismore worthy of being visited
22、(visit)非谓语动词在语法填空中的命题点1考查非谓语动词的句法功能(2018 北京卷)Traveling(travel)along the old Silk Road is an interesting andrewarding experience.(2018全国卷)The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very bestof gardening making(make)it one of the most popular events in gardening.2考查固定搭配(2018天津卷
23、)I didnt mean to eat anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnthelp trying(try)it.单句语法填空1_(learn)more about Chinese culture，Jack had decided to take Chinese folk music asan elective course.答案：To learn2In order to keep fit，the old man makes it a rule _(go)for a walk after supper everyda
24、y.答案：to go3_(expose)to sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin.答案：Being exposed4Under the environment of fierce competition，the only way John could imagine _(handle)stress was to get tougher by making greater efforts.答案：to handle5Listen！Do you hear someone _(call)for help?答案：calling6So
25、far nobody has claimed the money _(discover)in the library.答案：discovered7_(see)from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.答案：Seen8The mother felt herself _(grow)cold and her hands trembled as she read the letterfrom the battlefield.答案：grow9(2018浙江卷)I still remember vi
26、siting(visit)a friend whod lived here for five years.解析：本题考查动词-ing 形式作动词宾语。remember doing.记得过去做某事。答案：visiting10(全国卷)They are required to_process(process)the food that we eat，to recoverfrom injury and for several other bodily functions.解析：考查不定式。require sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事。答案：to process11(2019玉溪一中第二次
27、月考)You lose weight for a while，only _(gain)back moreweight when you stop your weight loss program.解析：“only不定式”表示意想不到的结果。答案：to gain12(2019湖南六校联盟高三联考)Of course，_(enjoy)a nice meal with friends，whatever we eat，can also impact our spirits.Being with friends and family plays a big part inexperiencing hap
28、piness.解析：考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，此处为动名词短语在句中作主语。答案：enjoying13(2019吉林吉大附中月考)_(think)that his solution might be wrong,I carefullyanalyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way.解析：think 与其逻辑主语 I 之间为主动关系，因此应用现在分词形式。故填 Thinking。答案：Thinking14(2019黄冈一模)The manager was satisfied to see many new
29、products _(develop)after great efforts.解析：句意：经理看到经过巨大努力许多新产品被研发出来后非常满意。本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。many new products 与 develop 之间是被动关系，所以要用过去分词。答案：developed15._(finish)the painting intended to be a gift for her girlfriend，he had a deep sigh ofrelief.解析：句意：完成了作为女友礼物的画作，他长舒了一口气。本句中，he 和 finish 为主动关系，且 finish 所表示的动作在句中谓语 had 所表示的动作之前发生，故应用现在分词的完成式。答案：Having finished
