1、高考提能练(四十)选修Module 4Music Born in America.阅读理解A2019湖南长郡中学检测On Wednesday, nearly 300 kids will take part in the National Spelling Bee. Fewer will make it to the following days semifinals, where one mistake means elimination (淘汰). Id bet that many of them will be silently praying not on the first word.
2、 I knew it because I was there 17 years ago.I was a 14yearold girl then. My mother and I had flown from Kentucky to Washington, but the capital was no strange to her. My older sister had already competed at the national level.When my sister was 14 and I was 12, we trained together. We began with the
3、 Suggested List given out at school hundreds of words printed on a poster that could be folded up like a map. When the words along the creases (褶痕) began to disappear, we bought additional spelling lists.Sometimes my mother tested us, reading words most English teachers wouldnt know how to pronounce
4、, let alone my Indianborn mother. When she pointed out the misspelled words, I blamed her accent for my errors!When it was my turn, I approached the microphone and waited for my first word.The announcer was somewhere to my left, a man who pronounced clearly. “Barbican，” he said.It seemed that my com
5、petitors were secretly complaining about the relative ease of my word. Would they laugh at me if I couldnt spell it? Would my mother be disappointed in me? That last syllable could go two ways: CAN or CON. Which one was right? Finally I decided on CON.Of course, I was eliminated and guided to the Co
6、mfort Room, where parents couldnt enter. Inside, recent losers were sitting around a table abundant with junk food.We casually mentioned the words that defeated us, like a special ceremony to welcome each new arrival. Then we changed the subject if wed already moved on from missed words and lost opp
7、ortunities.Eventually, I went out and saw my mother.“Well，” she said, “I_guess_you_wont_be_doing_this_again.” Yes, next year I would be 15 and not allowed to take part in the competition.体裁：记叙文题材：人生经历主题：参加英文拼字大赛【语篇解读】本文主要叙述了“我”14岁时参加全国英文拼字大赛的经历。【难句分析】Sometimes my mother tested us, reading words most
8、 English teachers wouldnt know how to pronounce, let alone my Indianborn mother.分析：该句为复合句。句中most English teachers wouldnt know how to pronounce为省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词words；let alone为固定搭配，意为“更不用说”。译文：有时，我妈妈测试我们，她读的一些单词大多数英语老师都不知道怎么发音，更不用说我的出生在印度的母亲了。1What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer
9、 to?AThe difficulty of the first word.BThe fierce competition.CThe nervousness of the kids.DThe strict rules.答案与解析：C考查代词指代。根据第一段中的“Id bet that many of them will be silently praying not on the first word. I knew it because I was there 17 years ago”可知，参加比赛的孩子都很紧张，所以默默祈祷，千万别在第一个单词就被淘汰；而“我”知道孩子们紧张是因为“我”
10、在17年前有过这样的经历。据此可知，it指代孩子们的紧张，故C项正确。2The author failed probably because _.A. she was unable to relaxB. the announcer had an accentC. her competitors disturbed herD. she didnt practise hard enough答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据第七段前三句“It seemed that my competitors were secretly complaining about the relative ease of
11、my word. Would they laugh at me if I couldnt spell it? Would my mother be disappointed in me”可以判断，“我”无法放松，心里想得很多，所以影响发挥而被淘汰，故A项正确。3What did the author do in the Comfort Room?A. She met her mother.B. She comforted new arrivals.C. She talked with other losers.D. She watched the competition.答案与解析：C考查细节
12、理解。根据第九段“We casually mentioned the words that defeated us. Then we changed the subject if wed already moved on from missed words and lost opportunities”可知，在the Comfort Room里，“我”在和其他淘汰者聊天，故C项正确。4Why did the authors mother say the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?AShe was disappointed in the
13、author.BThe author would be beyond the age limit.CShe didnt want the author to suffer again.DThe author had no interest in the competition.答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据最后一段的“Yes, next year I would be 15 and not allowed to take part in the competition”可以判断，“我”由于超过年龄限制，不能再参赛。B2019惠州第二次调研Are you content with the sh
14、ape of your nose? If not, the climate may be to blame, not your parents.This is according to a recent study carried out by scientists from Pennsylvania State University, US. They found that climate played a key role in shaping our noses. The findings were based on an examination of the size and shap
15、e of noses of 476 people from four regions West Africa, East Asia, South Asia and Northern Europe, using 3D facial imaging technology.“People have thought for a long time the difference in nose shape among humans across the world may have arisen as a result of natural selection because of climate，”
16、Arslan Zaidi, one of the lead authors of the study, told The Guardian. But while previous studies were based on measurements from human skulls, Zaidi and his team looked at nose shape itself.The result showed that wider noses are more common in warm and humid climate, while narrower noses are more c
17、ommon in cold and dry climate. That, Zaidi said, could be because narrower nasal passages help to increase the moisture (潮湿) content of air and warm it, which is easier on our lungs. This, in turn, led to a gradual decrease in nose width in populations living far away from the equator.More studies a
18、re still needed to test the link between climate and nose shape, but Zaidi believes the current findings are valuable in understanding potential health issues. “As we become more of a global community, we are going to come across climate that we do not adapt to，” he told The Guardian. This means mov
19、ing to a very different climate might increase the risk of breathing problems.However, he added, “This may not be necessarily true for various reasons such as of modern medicine and the fact that our current climate is very different from what it used to be.”体裁：议论文题材：基因遗传主题：人鼻子的高矮由环境决定【语篇解读】研究表明人的鼻子
20、的形状不是由父母决定的，而是由生活的气候塑造的。【难句分析】The result showed that wider noses are more common in warm and humid climate, while narrower noses are more common in cold and dry climate.分析：本句包含that引导的宾语从句；while连接两个并列句子，前后表示转折，意为“然而”。译文：结果表明(居住)在温暖潮湿气候环境中的(人)鼻子普遍更宽，然而(居住)在寒冷干燥环境中的(人)鼻子普遍更窄。5From the passage we know m
21、ost people from Singapore have _ noses.Awider BnarrowerCsmaller Dlarger答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第四段第一句“The result showed that wider noses are more common in warm and humid climate, while narrower noses are more common in cold and dry climate”可知居住在温暖潮湿环境中的人的鼻子普遍更宽，而居住在寒冷干燥环境中的人的鼻子普遍更窄。又因新加坡在温暖湿润地区，故大部分新加坡人有着较
22、宽的鼻子。6Narrower noses are helpful to _.Acool the air B. warm the airCtake in more oxygen D. dry the air答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第四段第二句“That, Zaidi said, could be because narrower nasal passages help to increase the moisture (潮湿) content of air and warm it, which is easier on our lungs”可知狭窄的鼻孔能温暖进入鼻孔的空气。7What
23、can be learned about the study?AZaidis team measured human skulls using 3D technology.BThe shape of our noses is determined by our parents.CNose shape helps people adapt to the environment.DIts certain that people will suffer from more breathing problems.答案与解析：C考查推理判断。根据文章第四段最后两句“That, Zaidi said, c
24、ould be because narrower nasal passages. to a gradual decrease in nose width in populations living far away from the equator”可知鼻子的形状会慢慢改变来适应气候，故C正确。8Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?AWhat Factors Shape Noses?BHow to Make Your Nose Attractive?CNose Shape Causes Breathing Pr
25、oblemsDClimate Shapes Noses答案与解析：D考查主旨大意。根据全文，特别是从第一、第二段的研究结果“the climate may be to blame, not your parents”“They found that climate played a key role in shaping our noses”可知D最恰当，即气候塑造鼻子的形状。.完形填空2019辽宁五校联考Gran Kropp was a Swedish adventurer and mountaineer. In 1972, at the age of six, with his fathe
26、rs help, he _1_ Galdhopiggen, the highest mountain in Northern Europe. Twentyfour years later, he stood on the highest peak in the world, Mount Everest. His journey to the _2_ shows just how independent, persistent (坚持的), and determined this _3_ man is._4_ most people arrive at the foothills of Moun
27、t Everest by some sort of modern _5_， Kropp bicycled 8,000 miles from his home in Sweden. Traveling by bike was not _6_. He stopped many times to _7_ his bike because rough roads caused mechanical problems for him. In addition, he was run after by dogs, stung by hornets (马蜂) and was caught in the ra
28、in several times before he _8_ the base of the mountain.Kropp _9_ to climb Mount Everest the same way he traveled to the mountain: without the _10_ of others and without modern conveniences. Unlike other _11_ Kropp climbed the mountain without a guide or helper. He did not _12_ bottled oxygen to hel
29、p him _13_ at high altitudes, and he carried all of his _14_ himself in a pack that weighed about 140 pounds.It took Kropp _15_ tries to reach the top of Mount Everest. The first time, he had to _16_ only 350 feet from the top because the weather was too dangerous. Just a few days earlier, at that s
30、ame level eight climbers had _17_ because of a sudden snowstorm in the mountain. He felt deep sorrow for them, but became more _18_. The mountaineer waited out the storm, _19_， and tried again a few days later. This time, he was _20_. After he walked down the mountain, he got back on his bike and ro
31、de the 8,000 miles back to Sweden.体裁：记叙文题材：人物故事主题：瑞典探险家Gran Kropp登上珠穆朗玛峰【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。瑞典探险家Gran Kropp在六岁时便在父亲的帮助下登上北欧最高峰Galdhopiggen；二十四年后，他登上了世界最高峰珠穆朗玛峰。在登山过程中，他从瑞典骑行8 000英里来到山脚，在不借助他人帮助的情况下成功登上山顶。1A.heard of Bdreamed ofCsaw Dclimbed答案与解析：D根据上文“Gran Kropp was a Swedish adventurer and mountaineer”可
32、知，Gran Kropp是瑞典探险家和登山者；结合该句“In 1972, at the age of six, with his fathers help, he _1_ Galdhopiggen, the highest mountain in Northern Europe”可知，他在六岁时，在父亲的帮助下登上北欧最高峰Galdhopiggen。D项意为“攀登”，故D项正确。A项意为“听说”；B项意为“梦想”；C项意为“看到”。2A.top BcountryCarea Dvalley答案与解析：A根据空前一句“Twentyfour years later, he stood on the
33、highest peak in the world, Mount Everest”可知，在二十四年后，他登上了世界最高峰珠穆朗玛峰。由此可知，他登上世界之顶的壮举展示了他的独立、坚韧不拔的精神。A项意为“顶，顶端”，故A项正确。B项意为“国家”，C项意为“地区”，D项意为“山谷”，都与语境不符。3A.outstanding BgenerousCmodest Dhonest答案与解析：A上文提到他登上了世界最高峰，故可推知他是一个杰出的人。A项意为“杰出的”，故A项正确。B项意为“慷慨的，大方的”，C项意为“谦虚的”，D项意为“诚实的”，都与语境不符。4A.Unless BOnceCWhile
34、DBecause答案与解析：C根据该句中的“most people arrive at. Kropp bicycled 8,000 miles from his home in Sweden”可知，尽管大部分人是通过一些现代车辆(vehicle)来到珠穆朗玛峰山脚下的，但是Kropp是从瑞典的家里骑行八千英里来到珠穆朗玛峰山脚下。C项意为“尽管，虽然”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“除非”，B项意为“一旦”，D项意为“因为”，都与语境不符。5A.design BvehicleCtheory Dmaterial答案与解析：B参见上题解析。B项意为“车辆”，故B项正确。A项意为“设计”，C项意为
35、“理论”，D项意为“材料”，都与文意不符。6A.boring BeasyCtiring Dbusy答案与解析：B根据常识和下文中的“He stopped many times to _7_ his bike”可知，骑行去珠穆朗玛峰脚下是不容易的。B项意为“容易的”，故B项正确。A项意为“令人厌烦的”，C项意为“令人疲劳的”，D项意为“忙碌的”，都与语境不符。7A.lock BrideCrepair Dfind答案与解析：C根据下文中的“because rough roads caused mechanical problems for him”可知，由于崎岖的道路引发自行车机械故障，所以他不得
36、不多次停下修理自行车。C项意为“修理”，故C项正确。A项意为“锁上”，B项意为“骑”，D项意为“发现”，都与语境不符。8A.left BreachedCdiscovered Dtoured答案与解析：B此处表示在抵达山脚下之前，他被狗追赶，被马蜂蜇，数次被困在雨中。B项意为“抵达”，故B项正确。A项意为“离开”；C项意为“发现”；D项意为“游历”。9A.chose BrefusedCagreed Dhated答案与解析：A根据下文中的“without the _10_ of others and without modern conveniences”可知，Kropp选择了他到山脚的同样的方式
37、去攀登山峰，即不要别人以及现代设备的帮助。A项意为“选择”，故A项正确。B项意为“拒绝”；C项意为“同意”；D项意为“讨厌”。10A.presence BapprovalCassistance Dknowledge答案与解析：C参见上题解析。C项意为“帮助”，故C项正确。A项意为“出席，到场”，B项意为“批准，同意”，D项意为“知识”，都与语境不符。11A.observers BtravelersCmountaineers Dhikers答案与解析：C根据语境可知，此处表示与其他登山者不同的是，Kropp登山没有向导或助手。C项意为“登山者”，故C项正确。A项意为“观察者”，B项意为“旅客”，
38、D项意为“徒步旅行者”，都与文意不符。12A.gather BorderCshare Dbring答案与解析：D根据该句中的“He did not _12_ bottled oxygen to help him _13_ at high altitudes”可知，他没有带氧气瓶帮助自己在高山上呼吸。D项意为“携带”，故D项正确。A项意为“收集”，B项意为“订购；命令”，C项意为“分享”，都与语境不符。13A.breathe BwalkClive Dstay答案与解析：A参见上题解析。A项意为“呼吸”，故A项正确。B项意为“行走”，C项意为“居住；生活”，D项意为“停留”，都与文意不符。14A.
39、medicines BfoodCclothes Dequipment答案与解析：D根据该句中的“he carried all of. in a pack that weighed about 140 pounds”可知，他用一个大背包自带所有设备，总重大概140磅。D项意为“设备”，故D项正确。A项意为“药物”；B项意为“食物”；C项意为“衣服”。15A.two BthreeCmany Dseveral答案与解析：A根据下文中的“The first time”以及该段倒数第三句中的“and tried again a few days later”可知，Kropp尝试了两次才登上珠穆朗玛峰，故
40、A项正确。16A.go on Bget upCset out Dturn back答案与解析：D根据该句中的“because the weather was too dangerous”可知，第一次登山时，由于天气太危险，他不得不在离山顶只有350英尺的地方折回。D项意为“折回”，故D项正确。A项意为“继续”；B项意为“起身”；C项意为“出发”。17A.slipped BwanderedCdied Dhurt答案与解析：C根据语境并结合该句“Just a few days earlier, at that same level eight climbers had _17_ because o
41、f a sudden snowstorm in the mountain”可知，数天前，由于在珠穆朗玛峰相同的高度突然发生暴风雪，八名登山者死亡。C项意为“死亡”，故C项正确。A项意为“滑落”，B项意为“徘徊”，D项意为“伤害(感情)，伤心”，都与语境不符。18A.astonished BdeterminedCsatisfied Ddiscouraged答案与解析：B根据下文中的“tried again a few days later”可知，等暴风雪停止，数天后他又一次开始登山。由此可知，虽然他为故去的登山者感到悲伤，但是他变得更加坚定了。B项意为“坚定的”，故B项正确。A项意为“惊讶的”；
42、C项意为“满意的”；D项意为“丧气的”。19A.hid Bstopped Csurvived Drested答案与解析：D根据该句“The mountaineer waited out the storm, _19_， and tried again a few days later”可知，这位登山者在暴风雪时休息数天，之后再次开始登山。D项意为“休息”，故D项正确。A项意为“躲藏”；B项意为“停止”；C项意为“生存”。20A.thoughtful BsuccessfulCdoubtful Dmeaningful答案与解析：B根据下文中的“After he walked down the mo
43、untain”可知，这次他成功地登上了珠穆朗玛峰。B项意为“成功的”，故B项正确。A项意为“深思的；体贴的”，C项意为“怀疑”，D项意为“有意义的”，都与语境不符。.语法填空2016全国卷In much of Asia, especially the socalled “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, _1_ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They
44、can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might _2_ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _3_ (create) special designs.The Chinese have used chopsticks for
45、 five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, _4_ (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. Over time, _5_ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which _6_ (gradual) turned in
46、to chopsticks.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, _7_lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC., influenced the _8_ (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and _9_ (be) too violent for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in As
47、ia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat _10_ their hands.【解题导语】本文介绍了筷子的历史演变，以及筷子在中国和其他一些亚洲国家的饮食文化中的地位和作用。1答案与解析：andChina，Japan，Korea和Vietnam是并列的关系，故用and连接。2答案与解析：be made句子的主语chopsticks与谓语make之间是被动关系，由设空处前情态动词might可知，此处是含有情态动词的被动语态，其结构是“情态动词be及物动词的过去分词”，因此应填be made。3答案与解析：to create句意
48、为：能工巧匠还把各种硬木和金属结合起来以创造出特殊的装饰图案。此处是动词不定式短语作目的状语，故填to create。4答案与解析：using句意为：人们可能用很大的锅做饭，并用树枝来夹食物。此处是现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随，即主语同时发出的另一动作。5答案与解析：as/when句意为：随着时间的推移和人口增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，以便食物可以熟得更快。根据句子的结构和逻辑关系可知，前半句是时间状语从句，因此应填as或when，表示“当的时候”。6答案与解析：gradually句意为：小块食物可以很容易地用树枝夹着吃，这些树枝就逐渐演变成了筷子。设空处修饰谓语动词turned into，
49、作状语，应用副词，故填gradually。7答案与解析：who句意为：有些人认为大约生活在公元前551479年的中国的伟大圣贤孔子，对筷子的演变影响很大。_lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC.应是一个非限制性定语从句，对先行词Confucius起到补充说明的作用，故填who。8答案与解析：development句意见上一题解析。根据设空前是定冠词the，设空后是介词of这一结构特征可知，设空处应该填名词，故填development，意为“发展”。9答案与解析：were句意为：孔子认为刀子会让人想到杀戮，在餐桌上使用也太过暴力。此处and连接并列谓语would remind与设空处，宾语从句的主语是knives，因此be动词应用复数形式，再结合前半句Confucius believed knives would remind.可知填be动词的过去式were。10答案与解析：with句意为：比如，在印度，大多数人还是习惯用手吃饭。介词with作“用，使用”讲时，表示使用某种工具或人的某一身体部位。