1、Day 8健康保健AIt has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar, but new research suggests a glass a day cold form part of a diet. Looking at past studies they found that, while heavy drinkers do put on weight; those who drink in moderation can act
2、ually lose weight.A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says, Light to moderate alcohol intake, especially of wine, may be more likely to protect against, rather than promote, weight gain. The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol Research reviewed the findings and agr
3、eed with most of the conclusions, particularly that data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight.Boston Universitys Dr. Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms(生物学机制) relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood. His team pointed out the stron
4、g protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes(糖尿病), which relate to increasing obesity. Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers.The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickl
5、y absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat, and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods. They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks, taking into consideration drinking
6、patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight.For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases ones risk of becoming obese. Whats more, a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol(白藜芦醇), a compound pres
7、ent in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells.1. The passage is mainly for those_.A. who produce wineB. who have a drinking habitC. who go on a dietD. who are eager to lose weight2. The underlined phrase in moderation in the first paragraph means _.A. excitedly B. carefullyC. frequently D. properly3
8、. What can we learn from the passage?A. Current data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weight.B. Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of becoming fat.C. The research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect.D. The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks
9、are very clear.4. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?A. How to do some easy experiments.B. How to reduce the calories contained in wine.C. How to prove the finding mentioned above.D. How to make wine in a healthy way.BAustralia and New Zealands health organizations hav
10、e given their advice on when to use sunscreen (防晒霜), suggesting Australians apply it every day to avoid bad health effects.A Sunscreen Summit took place in the Australian State of Queensland. During the summit, representatives from some of Australias leading research, medical and public health organ
11、izations examined the evidence on sunscreen use the determined that in most parts of the country it is beneficial to apply sunscreen every day.“Up until now, public health organizations have recommended applying sunscreen ahead of planned outdoor activities but havent recommended applying it every d
12、ay as part of a morning routine (惯例),” professor Rachel Neale from QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute said. “In recent years, it has become clear that the DNA damage causes skin cancer and melanoma (黑色素瘤), which is caused by repeated small exposure to sunlight over a period of time,” Neale sa
13、id. “In Australia, we get a lot of sun exposure from everyday activities such as walking to the bus stop or train station,” Neale said.A study showed that one in two Australians believed it was unhealthy and potentially dangerous to use sunscreen every day. However, Terry Slevin from the Public Heal
14、th Association of Australia says it is wrong. “There is consistent and compelling evidence that sunscreens are safe,” Slevin said. “Importantly, medical trials have found that people who use sunscreen daily have the same levels of vitamin D as those who dont,” Slevin added.Australia has one of the h
15、ighest rates of skin cancer in the world, which is made worse by the countrys close to Antarctica where there is a hole in the ozone layer (臭氧层), letting in higher numbers of UV rays.1. What made Australian health organizations advise Australians to use sunscreen?A. The makers of sunscreen.B. Austra
16、lian government.C. The Sunscreen Summit.D. New Zealands researchers.2. What is not recommended before the Sunscreen Summit?A. Using sunscreen as a morning routine.B. Using sunscreen before outdoor activities.C. Reducing the use of sunscreen.D. Reducing outdoor activities.3. What is the misunderstand
17、ing of many Australians?A. Sunscreen will never take effect.B. Sunscreen is bad for peoples health.C. People using sunscreen have the same levels of vitamin.D. D. People using sunscreen wont have skin cancer.4. Which of the following best explains “compelling” underlined in paragraph 4?A. Interestin
18、g. B. Disappointing.C. Boring. D. Convincing.CHere are two interesting questions. Are you very happy with your life now ? Are people happier as they get older? A study found that people generally become happier and experience less worry after age 50. In fact, it found that by the age of 85, people a
19、re happier with their life than they were at 18.The finding came from a Gallup survey of more than 340,000 adults between the age of 18 and 85 in the United States.Arthur Stone in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at Stony Brook University in New York led the study. His team found
20、that levels of stress were highest among adults between the ages of 22 and 25. Stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their fifties.Happiness was highest among the youngest adults and those in their early seventies. But the people least likely to report feeling negative emotions were tho
21、se in their seventies and eighties. The survey also found that men and women had similar emotional patterns as they grow older. However, women at all ages reported more sadness, stress and worry than men did. The researchers also considered possible influences like having young children, being unemp
22、loyed or being single. But they found that influences like these did not affect the levels of happiness and well-being related to age.So why would happiness increase with age? One theory is that, as people get older, they become more thankful for what they have and have better control of their emoti
23、ons. They also spend less time thinking about bad experiences.The original goal of the study was to confirm the popular belief that aging is connected with increased sleep problems. The survey did find an increase during middle age, especially in women. But except for that, people reported that they
24、 felt their sleep quality improved as they got older.1. When will adults feel most stressful according to the study?A. In their seventies. B. In their fifties.C. In their twenties. D. In their eighties.2. What may make Arthur Stone feel a bit surprised?A. Women usually live longer than men.B. Most o
25、f old people cant sleep well at night.C. Middle-age men mostly are very rich.D. Old people usually have a better sleep.3. Old people may be happier probably because .A. they spend more time considering bad experiencesB. they are most likely satisfied with life.C. they dont have to work hard every da
26、y.D. they can do whatever they like best.4. Which of the following may be the topic of this passage?A. The young people and the old people.B. The connection of sleep and happiness.C. Old peoples feeling of happiness.D. Women are not as happy as men with their life.DWe all know that water is tasteles
27、s. But it happens from time to time: you pick up the bottle of water you didnt finish yesterday, and it tastes strange. Most often, you tend to drop the bottle in the trash bin, believing that the water has gone bad. But is it true?According to Time, of course not, taste has little to do with qualit
28、y of water.According to Time, when water is exposed to the air for 12 hours, carbon dioxide interacts with the H2O in the water, and the pH value lowers slightly. As a result, the water has a different taste.“But its most likely safe to drink,” Norwegian expert Truls Krogh told Science Nordic. “If t
29、he water is covered and of good quality to start with, in principle it can last a thousand years. Thats because when water is fresh, it contains little organic matter. As long as water is held in clean glasses or bottles, no pollutants will enter it to harm our health.”People in countries like the U
30、S, the UK and Australia usually drink tap water. According to Time, if tap water is drunk within six months, the chlorine (氯气) in the water will be enough to kill any bacteria and keep it safe to drink.However, there are also some exceptions. If you accidentally put your fingers into water or store
31、water in unclean containers day after day, microorganism (微生物) will enter the water.With the help of surrounding temperature, and sunlight streaming through windows, these microorganisms multiply quickly. Sooner or later, the water will be in the charge of the unfriendly bacteria. And if you drink t
32、he water too often, then youre more likely to be ill.And what about water in plastic bottles? Heat and plastic are a bad combination, US researcher Kellogg Schwab stresses. When plastic bottles are used at high temperatures, they produce a chemical called BPA. BPA is something that affects hormones
33、(荷尔蒙) and research has tentatively linked it to “several health damage, including heart disease and cancer”, Time reported.Schwab suggests replacing disposable (一次性的) plastic bottles with the refillable containers made of metal or glass to deal with BPA.1. The purpose of the first paragraph is to _.
34、A. show an example B. draw a conclusionC. analyze a phenomenon D. introduce a topic2. Which of the following may Truls Krogh agree?A. If the water tastes different, we shouldnt drink it.B. The water held in a clean container is likely safe to drink.C. Although kept fresh, water may still have much o
35、rganic matter.D. Covered water can last for a thousand years.3. What can we infer from the passage?A. BPA does little harm to our health.B. Tap water is always safe to drink.C. Microorganisms are easy to produce in the heat.D. Disposable plastic bottles have been banned already.4. What can be the be
36、st title of the passage?A. Why Water is Tasteless B. How to Get Clean WaterC. Does Water Really Go Bad? D. Learn to Protect Water答案A【答案解析】 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C【分析】本文是说明文。研究人员发现酒也可能成为人们饮食的一部分，适当的饮酒并不会导致人们发胖，并且适量饮酒会防止人们得糖尿病。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句It has always been thought that alcohol causes people to
37、put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar, but new research suggests a glass a day could form part of a diet.可知，研究发现酒也可能成为人们饮食的一部分，适当的饮酒并不会导致人们发胖。全文都在叙述与之有关的研究，所以本文应该是写给那些喝酒的人的。故选B。【2题详解】猜测词义题。根据第一段第二句Looking at past studies they found that, while heavy drinkers do put on weight; those who dr
38、ink in moderation can actually lose weight.（尽管酗酒的确可以增加体重，但是那些适当饮酒的人实际上会减肥。），根据连词while可知，上下文存在对比关系，in moderation指适当的，有节制的，故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes(糖尿病), which relate to increasing ob
39、esity.可知，适量饮酒对于糖尿病有防护作用，也就是说适量饮酒的人不会患上糖尿病。故选C。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句Whats more, a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol, a compound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells.可知，一项研究说明葡萄和红酒中存在的resveratrol实际上可以破坏肥胖细胞，那么接下来就应该证明这一理论的正确性，故选C。【点睛】推理题的解题方法1. 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话
40、中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。2.整合全文（段）信息进行推断做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论。小题2根据第一段第二句Looking at past studies they found that, while heavy drinkers do put on weight; those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight.尽管酗酒的确可以增加体重，但是那些适当饮酒的人实际上会减肥。根据
41、连词while可知上下文存在对比关系，故选B。B【答案解析】 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍防护霜的使用。澳大利亚和新西兰的健康组织给出了何时使用防晒霜的建议，建议澳大利亚人每天涂抹防晒霜，以避免对健康造成不良影响。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段A Sunscreen Summit took place in the Australian State of Queensland. During the summit, representatives from some of Australias leading research, medical a
42、nd public health organizations examined the evidence on sunscreen use and determined that in most parts of the country it is beneficial to apply sunscreen every day.可知，防晒霜峰会在澳大利亚昆士兰州举行，在峰会期间，来自澳大利亚一些领先研究的代表，医疗和公共卫生组织研究了防晒霜使用的证据，并确定在大多数地区，每天涂防晒霜是有益的。由此可知，防晒霜峰会促使澳大利亚健康组织建议澳大利亚人使用防晒霜。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据
43、第三段中but havent recommended applying it every day as part of a morning routine(但我不建议你每天早上都使用它)可知，“早上要使用防晒霜”在防晒霜峰会前不推荐。故选A。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中A study showed that one in two Australians believed it was unhealthy and potentially dangerous to use sunscreen every day. However, Terry Slevin from the Public
44、Health Association of Australia says it is wrong.(一项研究表明，二分之一的澳大利亚人认为每天使用防晒霜是不健康的，而且有潜在的危险。然而，澳大利亚公共卫生协会的Terry Slevin说这是错误的)可知，很多澳大利亚人认为防晒霜对人们的健康有害。故选B。【4题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词前后的内容consistent“一致的”和evidence that sunscreens are safe“防晒霜是安全的证据”以及划线句的下句“Importantly, medical trials have found that people who us
45、e sunscreen daily have the same levels of vitamin das those who dont,”(重要的是，医学试验发现，每天使用防晒霜的人和不使用防晒霜的人体内的维生素d含量是一样的)由此推知，划线词的意思是“令人信服的”。故选D。【点睛】做词义猜测题时要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境想当然。在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表示的关系推断生词词义。尤其注意划线词前后的内容。本题第4小题，根据划线词前后的内容consistent“一致的”和evidence that sunscreens are safe“防晒霜是安全的证据”
46、以及划线句的下句“Importantly, medical trials have found that people who use sunscreen daily have the same levels of vitamin das those who dont,”(重要的是，医学试验发现，每天使用防晒霜的人和不使用防晒霜的人体内的维生素d含量是一样的)由此推知，划线词的意思是“令人信服的”。故选D。C【答案解析】 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项调查。经研究发现：人们在50岁之后通常会变得更快乐，烦恼也更少。事实上，研究发现，到85岁时，人们
47、对生活的满意度比18岁时更高。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中His team found that levels of stress were highest among adults between the ages of 22 and 25.他的研究小组发现，压力水平在22岁至25岁之间的成年人中最高。可知人们压力最大的时候是22到25岁。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中But except for that, people reported that they felt their sleep quality improved as they got older.
48、但除此之外，人们报告说，随着年龄的增长，他们感觉自己的睡眠质量有所改善。可知，让亚瑟 斯通感到惊讶的是当人们老了的时候睡眠质量反而提高。而这项研究最初的目的是证实随着年龄的增长，不断出现睡眠问题。故选D项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中One theory is that, as people get older, they become more thankful for what they have and have better control of their emotions. 有一种理论认为，随着年龄的增长，人们会对自己所拥有的东西更加感激，并能更好地控制自己的情绪。可知
49、，他们对他们所拥有的更感激，也就是他们对自己的生活感到很满意。故选B项。【4题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中A study found that people generally become happier and experience less worry after age 50.一项研究发现，人们在50岁之后通常会变得更快乐，烦恼也更少。第三段中Stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their fifties.人们到了五十多岁后，压力水平急剧下降。可知，这篇文章主要介绍的是人们在50岁之后会变得更加幸福，也就是老年人的幸福
50、感。故选C项。D【答案解析】 1. D 2. B 3. C 4. C【分析】本文为说明文。本文就喝剩下的水是否会变坏进行了研究。研究表明没喝完的水虽然味道有点怪，但只要水质是好的，保存恰当不被细菌污染，是不会变坏的。但专家建议不要用塑料杯要用金属或玻璃制品装热水。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，本段讲述昨天没有喝完的水味道有点怪，有人会把它扔掉，是因为认为水坏了，但是真的吗？结合下文的内容，可知，写第一段的目的就是引出下文的一个话题。分析选项可知D项符合题意。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段Truls Krogh的话“But its most likely safe to dr
51、ink,” Norwegian expert Truls Krogh told Science Nordic. “If the water is covered and of good quality to start with, in principle it can last a thousand years. Thats because when water is fresh, it contains little organic matter. As long as water is held in clean glasses or bottles, no pollutants wil
52、l enter it to harm our health.”可知，只要水质好，保存在干净的容器内，就不会有污染物，都是安全可饮用的。分析选项可知B项符合题意，故选B。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段-第七段的内容可知，只要水质好，保存在干净的容器内，就不会有污染物，都是安全可饮用的。但是一旦不小心弄脏了，可能会将微生物带入水里，在周围温度和阳光透过窗户的帮助下，这些微生物迅速繁殖。水迟早将会被细菌破坏。由此可推断出，微生物容易在高温下产生。分析选项可知C项（微生物在高温下容易产生）符合题意，故选C。【4题详解】主旨大意题。本文的主旨在第一段，即在第一段讲述昨天没有喝完的水虽然味道有点怪，水
53、质真的坏了吗？结论是味道会变，味道当然与水的质量没有多大关系。接着对这个问题“But is it true?”进行了大量的研究调查，证明只要水质好，保存在干净的容器内，不被污染都是安全可饮用的。由此可推断出C项（水真的会坏吗）符合题意，故选C。【点睛】推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。如第4小题，根据第一段中的“He was once referred to as the Picasso of poetry. Beloved by Chileans of all classes, he
54、 is one of the most widely read and respected poets in history.”，倒数第二段中的“He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1971”及倒数最后一段“Neruda loved the sea which he saw as creative, destructive and forever moving. He found inspiration in the power and freedom of the waves and the seabirds on the coa
55、st. I need the sea because it teaches me, I move in the university of the waves. ”可知，他曾被称为诗歌中的毕加索。他深受各阶层智利人的爱戴，作品涉及范围广。他的作品有创造性，有激情，由此得出他是一个才华横溢的人，也是一个充满激情的人。分析选项A. Brilliant and passionate才华横溢，充满激情；B. Brave and impatient勇敢而不耐烦C. Committed and awkward忠诚而笨拙；D. Friendly and honest友好而诚实，可知A符合题意，故选A。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的事实基础上，作出一定判断和推论，推断合理信息。要以文字信息为依据，要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。