1、语法初识原句感知自主探究To say something is one thing; to do it is another.It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings. Unfortunately, the doctors dont know how to make me better, but Im very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability.
2、 Her ambition is to become part of the national team for the next Paralympic Games.I told Jeff to join the club, but he wouldnt listen.I am happy to have found many things I can do, like writing and computer programming. Volunteering gives you a chance to change lives, including your own.(1)句中动词不定式短
3、语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。(2)句中it 为形式主语，动词不定式短语为真正主语。(3)句中动词不定式结构作宾语。(4)句中动词不定式结构作表语。(5)句动词不定式结构作宾语补足语。(6)句动词不定式结构作状语。(7)句动词不定式结构作定语，不定式作定语位于所修饰的词之后。语法剖析语法点一不定式的时态和语态主动语态被动语态意义一般时to doto be done表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后完成时to have doneto have been done表示动作发生在谓语动作之前进行时to be doing表示谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行Father warned
4、 me not to drive after drinking.父亲警告我不要酒后开车。Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long.很抱歉让你等了那么长时间。 We didnt expect you to be waiting for us here.我们没有想到你会在这儿等我们。I think its an honor to have been given a chance to speak at the meeting.被给予机会在会上发言我感到荣幸。即时演练1单句语法填空Tell her we shall be delighted to_come
5、(come)Robert is said to_have_studied (study) abroad, but I dont know which country he studied in.The factory to_be_built_ (build) here next year is a car factory.The book is said to_have_been_translated (translate) into four languages so far.When he came in, I happened_to_be_reading (read) the novel
6、.语法点二不定式的句法功能1不定式作主语To make money is not the only purpose of our life.赚钱不是我们生活的唯一目的。点津(1)不定式作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，而将作主语的不定式放在句子后面。(2)特殊句式：It feels adj. to do sth. “做某事给人以的感觉”。It is important to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语很重要。It feels good to return home after so many years abroad.多年在国外之后回到家乡，感觉很好。2不
7、定式作宾语常接不定式而不接动名词作宾语的动词及短语有：“决心学会想希望”： decide/determine, learn, want, hope/wish/expect/long“设法假装在拒绝”：manage, pretend, refuse“主动答应选计划”：offer, promise, choose, plan“同意请求帮一帮”：agree, ask/beg, help外加 afford, fail, would like/love, threaten。I didnt expect to see you here.我没有料到在这儿见到你。点津不定式作宾语后跟宾语补足语时，常把不定式后
8、移而用形式宾语 it 代替，常见句式：think/believe/consider/find/feel, etc. it adj./n. 不定式。I think it necessary to send for an expert.我认为请位专家来是有必要的。3不定式作表语不定式常用在系动词 be, seem, appear, get, remain等后作表语。其主语常常是wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等表示意向、打算、计划的词。如果主语部分有表示不定式内容的do的各种形式(do, does, did, done), 用作表语的不定式可省略to。His
9、 dream is to become a doctor.他的梦想是成为一名医生。All you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly.你得做的就是马上完工。4不定式作定语(1)不定式作定语，一般都是作后置定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。如果其逻辑主语是句子的主语，不定式用主动形式；如果这个不定式是不及物动词，其后应有相应的介词。She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the mornings.早上她经常有很多会议要开。The Browns have a comfortable house to l
10、ive in.布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。(2)动词不定式常常放在抽象名词attempt, ability, chance, desire, determination, decision, effort, plan, way或不定代词something, nothing等后面作后置定语。Do you have the ability to read and write in English?你具备读写英语的能力吗？(3)当名词被 first, next, second, last以及 only 等词修饰时，其后常用不定式作定语。She was the first woman to wi
11、n the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是在奥运会上第一个获得金牌的女性。5不定式作状语不定式作状语常表示目的、原因或结果。(1)非谓语动词作目的状语时，常采用不定式形式。常见表达形式为 to do, in order to do, so as to do, 其中 so as to do 一般不置于句首。In order to/To get a good seat, she arrived early.为了找个好座位，她很早就到了。(2)不定式与only/never 等构成不定式短语作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的情况。而现在分词短语作结果状语常表示自然而然的
12、现象。He hurried to the house only to find that it was empty.他匆忙赶到那所房子里，却发现已经空无一人。He came late twice a week, making his boss angry.他一周迟到两次，使得老板很生气。(3)某些形容词作表语，表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”，后跟不定式常表示原因。The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy to watch anything that happened to be on.老人每天晚上坐在电视机前，看电视
13、上播放的任何电视节目都很高兴。(后半句是形容词短语作伴随状语)(4)用于“be性质形容词不定式”结构中。常见的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, interesting, heavy, pleasant, light, good, fit, comfortable, safe, dangerous, impossible等。The box is not easy to carry.这个箱子不易携带。点津在这一结构中，不定式to do用主动形式表示被动意义。6不定式作补语(宾补或主补)(1)常接不定式作宾语补足语或主语补足语的动词有 ask, beg, cause, help
14、, force, allow, permit, advise, order, get, want, wish, tell 等。Jim told me to give his best wishes to everyone here.吉姆让我替他向在这儿的各位问好。You are asked to wait here.有人让你在这儿等着。(2)不定式作宾补位于使役动词(let, make, have等)和感官动词(see, notice, hear, watch, listen to等)后面时不定式符号to须去掉。但当宾补变为主补时，不定式符号to必须加上。I saw him enter the
15、 room.我看见他进了房间。He was seen to enter the room.有人看见他进了房间。点津(1)think, consider, suppose, believe, imagine, prove, find 等动词后常用 to be 作宾语补足语。Imagine yourself (to be) in his place.设想你处于他的位置。(2)hope, demand, suggest, refuse, welcome, arrange, insist, prevent 等后不接不定式作宾补。即时演练221.单句语法填空It is not good for you
16、to_smoke (smoke) so much.I found it necessary to_talk (talk) to him again.She went to the hospital to_see (see) her grandfather yesterday.22.同义句转换To catch the 5：00 bus early in the morning is not a good idea.It_is_not_a_good_idea_to_catch the 5：00 bus early in the morning.Someone saw him go upstairs
17、 following his brother.He was_seen_to_go_upstairs following his brother.The boy is the only student who has seen the movie.The boy is the only student to_see the movie.语法点三不定式的特殊用法1不定式的省略(1)在 feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make 等词(短语)后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但是当含这些词的句子
18、变成被动结构时，须带 to。I often hear him sing the song.He is often heard to sing the song (by me)(我)经常听到他唱这首歌。(2)动词不定式在介词 but, except 后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词 do 的某种形式， 那么，这些介词后的不定式常不带 to，否则要带 to。The bus had passed by. They had nothing to do but wait. ( They had no choice but to wait.)公交车已经过去了，他们别无选择只能等。(3)短语 had be
19、tter, cannot but, cannot help but, cannot choose but 等之后跟不带 to 的不定式。They couldnt choose but stay there.他们不得不待在那儿。(4)在特定的上下文里，为了避免重复前面已出现的动词，可以用不定式符号来代替不定式结构。如：have to, be able to, be going to, used to, be glad to, ought to等之后；hope, want, mean, intend, decide, would like等之后；tell, ask, warn, allow等之后的
20、宾语补足语。I dont go swimming now but I used to.我现在不去游泳，但我过去常去(游泳)。点津如果不定式 to 之后的动词是be或助动词have, 要保留 to 后的 be 或 have。China is no longer what it used to be.中国已今非昔比。Have you told Allen about the concert?Sorry, but I ought to have.你告诉艾伦音乐会的情况了吗？对不起，我本应该告诉他的。(5)Why (not) do .? 结构中要省略不定式符号to。Why turn off the g
21、as?为什么要把煤气关掉？2不定式的否定形式动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式的符号to前直接加上not，有时为了强调也可以用否定副词never来否定。Its wrong of you not to go to school on time.没有按时到校是你的错误。3“疑问词动词不定式”结构“疑问词(what, how, when, where, which)动词不定式”结构可作主语、表语和宾语等。How to solve the problem is very important.(主语)如何解决这一问题很重要。He didnt know what to ask.(宾语)他不知道该问些什么。My
22、 question is when to start.(表语)我的问题是何时开始。即时演练331.单句语法填空I had nothing to do but wait (wait) outside of the gate.He was advised_not_to_smoke (not smoke) any longer.No one knows what to_do (do) next.32.完成句子Dont touch anything before you unless your teacher tells_you_to.不要碰你面前的任何东西，除非老师让你去碰。Why_not_visi
23、t the museum?为什么不去参观博物馆呢？链接高考单句语法填空1(2017全国卷书面表达)Definitely, as for the activities, we will be honored to_be_given (give) highlevel training by a professional coach every Friday around 35 pm.2(2017浙江高考书面表达)Im writing to invite you to_join (join) me for a trip to Mount Li.3(2017天津高考书面表达)As a result,
24、I dont have enough time to_take (take) exercise.4(2016全国卷书面表达)In order to get some practical experience, I am planning to_take (take) a parttime job in a foreign capital company.5(2016全国卷满分作文)To_begin (begin) with, the pictures you take should be connected with the theme of the exhibition which is e
25、nvironmental protection. 6(2016全国卷书面表达)We can set out early so that well have more time to_read (read) and select books.7(2016北京高考满分作文)Its an honor to_know (know) you are enthusiastic about Chinese history.8(2015陕西高考满分作文)Next, as an outgoing boy, I get on well with my teachers and classmates, and kn
26、ow how to_communicate (communicate) with people.针对演练.单句语法填空1Group activities will be organized after class to_help (help) children develop team spirit.2Martin showed no anxiety about the competition. He seemed to_have_prepared_(prepare) for it pretty well.3The boy was seen to_fall (fall) suddenly fr
27、om the tree.4Kate is looking for a suitable coat to_wear (wear)5He advised me not_to_drink (not drink) too much, otherwise I would have been drunk.6He attempted to_escape (escape) from prison, but failed.7Jack was in low spirits those days and his friends did all they could to_cheer (cheer) him up.
28、8It is an honor for me to_be_invited (invite) to attend the meeting. 9He pretended to_be_working (work) hard when his boss passed him.10The goal of this activity is to_meet (meet) the needs of common people.完成句子1I dont know where_to_buy books of this kind.我不知道到哪里去买这种书。2They had nothing to do_but_mov
29、e.他们别无选择，只好搬家。3Its impossible to_finish_the_job_in_one_day.一天完成这项工作是不可能的。4She wondered whether_to_turn_left_or_right.她想知道该向左转还是向右转。5The magnificent museum is said to_have_been_burnt_to_the_ground.据说，那座宏伟的博物馆已被焚为平地。.短文改错As it is known to us, fewer and fewer students do sports regularly, what makes th
30、em weak and easily tired.There are many reasons about this. First of all, some of the students complained that they have too many homework, resulting in less time to take exercise. Beside, some of them think that it is very difficulty for them to keep taking exercise, because it is a very hard thing
31、.For lack of physical activities, many students are with poor health. I suggest that our school take measures to encourage more students take part in sports. For us students，no matter what busy we are, it is necessary to spare some time to take exercise.答案：第一句：去掉it; whatwhich第二句：aboutfor第三句：complainedcomplain; manymuch第四句：BesideBesides; difficultydifficult第五句：within第六句：students 后加to第七句：whathow
