1、专题二 主旨大意Passage 1(2018课标全国,B) 词数:264Good Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest roleshowing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money:Good Food, she visits a differen
2、t home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for so
3、ns, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack,11.“We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,”she explains.“I pay 5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometim
4、es were not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”The eight-part series(系列节目), Save Money:Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly
5、household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the familys long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.1.W
6、hat do we know about Susanna Reid?A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B.She has started a new programme.C.She dislikes working early in the morning.D.She has had a tight budget for her family.2.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A.He buys cooking materials for her.B.He prepares food for her kids.C.
7、He assists her in cooking matters.D.He invites guest families for her.3.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.B.Provide some advice for the readers.C.Add some background information.D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.4.What can be a suitable title f
8、or the text?A.Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB.Balancing Our Daily DietC.Making Yourself a Perfect ChefD.Cooking Well for Less答案语篇解读本文介绍了英国节目主持人Susanna Reid创办的一档新节目Save Money:Good Food的相关情况。1.B细节理解题。根据第一段的but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role可知,她创办了一档新节目,故选B项。2.C推理判断题。根据第二段第一句话(在节目Save Money:
9、Good Food中,她每周拜访一个不同的家庭,并且在厨师Matt Tebbutt的帮助下在准备每个家庭每天低于5英镑的食谱时提供如何减少食物浪费的很好的建议)可知,Matt Tebbutt在做饭方面帮助了Susanna,故选C项。3.C推理判断题。文章前三段主要介绍了新节目Save Money:Good Food的相关情况,而第四段介绍了它和节目Save Money:Good Health的关系。由此推断本段主要补充这一节目的背景知识,故选C项。4.D主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章介绍了英国节目主持人Susanna Reid通过创办新节目Save Money:Good Food教给观众如何花
10、更少的钱制作更美味的食物。故选D项。Passage 2(2018课标全国,C) 词数:294Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many c
11、hildrens lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.According to the reports key findings, “the proportion(比例)who say they hardly everread for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”Th
12、e report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 28, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.When it comes to technology and reading, the report does lit
13、tle to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving
14、as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.As
15、 the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.1.What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A.Childrens reading habits.B.Qua
16、lity of childrens books.C.Childrens after-class activities.D.Parent-child relationships.2.Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun”? A.In paragraph 2.B.In paragraph 3.C.In paragraph 4. D.In paragraph 5.3.Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A.E-
17、books are of poor quality.B.It could be a waste of time.C.It may harm childrens health.D.E-readers are expensive.4.How should parents encourage their children to read more?A.Act as role models for them.B.Ask them to write book reports.C.Set up reading groups for them.D.Talk with their reading class
18、teachers.答案语篇解读本文为说明文。根据“常识媒体”所做的一项调查可知,与过去相比,十几岁的孩子们进行趣味阅读的量越来越少。1.A主旨大意题。本题题干意为:“常识媒体”所做的这个报告可能是关于什么的?本文为说明文,第一段为本文的主旨段。根据第一段(根据周一出版的“常识媒体”的一个报告,十几岁的孩子和更小的孩子进行趣味阅读的量少多了。)可知该报告主要讲的是孩子们的阅读习惯的变化,故答案为A项。B项(儿童图书的质量)、C项(孩子们的课外活动)和D项(父母与孩子间的关系)均不是该报告的内容,故全被排除。2.B细节理解题。本题题干意为:你在哪里可以找到最能支撑“孩子们进行趣味阅读的量越来越少”
19、这一说法的数据?本文第一段提出了本文主题,即孩子们进行趣味阅读的量越来越少。然后在第三段通过数据(.has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.)来支撑这一说法,故答案为B项。3.C细节理解题。本题题干意为:为什么许多家长限制电子阅读?根据第五段最后一句(许多家长仍然限制电子阅读,主要是因为他们担心那会增加孩子面对屏幕的时间。)可知家长限制电子阅读的原因是担心孩子们的健康,故答案为C项。A
20、:电子图书质量差;B:那可能会浪费时间;D:电子阅读器很昂贵。以上三项均未被提及,故全部排除。4.A细节理解题。本题题干意为:家长应该如何鼓励他们的孩子多阅读?根据第六段第一句(报告中分享的最给人以希望的数据清楚地证明了家长给孩子们做出榜样并在阅读上进行重要的指导。)可知答案为A项(为他们树立榜样)。B:要求他们写读书报告;C:为他们建立读书小组;D:和他们的阅读老师谈话。以上三项均未被提及,故全部排除。重点词汇common sense常识decline n.削减data n.数据词汇积累respectively adv.分别,各自session n.学年 Passage 3(2018课标全国
21、,D) 词数:312Weve all been there:in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.Whats the problem?Its possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. Its
22、 more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benef
23、its.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂)for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southe
24、ast.“Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,”he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on th
25、eir way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动)with its waiter;the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience.“Its not that talking
26、 to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,”says Dunn.“But interactions with peripheral(边缘的)members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci beli
27、eves developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk.“Small talk is the basis of good manners,”he says. 1.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A.Addiction to smartphones.B.Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C.Absence of communication between strangers.D.Impatience w
28、ith slow service.2.What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A.Showing good manners.B.Relating to other people.C.Focusing on a topic.D.Making business deals.3.What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A.It improves family relationships.B.It raises peoples confi
29、dence.C.It matters as much as a formal talk.D.It makes people feel good.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Conversation CountsB.Ways of Making Small TalkC.Benefits of Small TalkD.Uncomfortable Silence答案语篇解读本文为说明文。介绍了“small talk(闲聊)”的重要性及其意义。1.C细节理解题。题干句意:第一段描述的是什么现象?根据第一段描述(无论我们身在何处,在电梯里、在银行排队或
30、者在飞机上,我们周围的人或是像我们一样在埋头看智能手机,或是更坏,在和令人不安的沉默做斗争)可知,C项“陌生人之间缺乏交流”和首段描述一致,故答案为C项。A项“手机控”只是该段描述现象时举的例子;B项“公共场合的不恰当行为”与首段意思不符;D项“对缓慢的服务缺乏耐心”和第一段的描述无关。2.B细节理解题。题干句意:根据Carducci的说法,对于成功的闲聊来说什么是重要的?根据第三段最后一句(成功的闲聊的关键是学会如何同他人建立联系而不仅仅是同他们交流)可知,B项“能够理解并认同他人”符合题意,故答案为B项。本题干扰项为A“显示良好的行为举止”,错因在于锁定的句子“最后一段最后一句(闲聊是良好
31、举止的基础)”和题干要求不一致,答非所问;D项“做生意”受第三段第三句(几乎每一个伟大的爱情故事和每一单大的生意都源于闲聊)的影响,犯了逻辑推理错误;C项“聚焦一个话题”在文中没有涉及。3.D推理判断题。题干句意:关于闲聊,咖啡店调研表明了什么?根据第四段中的内容(结果表明那些同服务生闲聊的人明显有更高的积极情感和较好的咖啡店体验。不是同服务生交谈比和你的丈夫交谈更好,而是同社交网络的边缘人员的互动也对我们的健康和幸福很重要)可知,D项“它使得人们感觉良好”与题意相符,故答案为D项。A项“它改善家庭关系”、B项“它提升人们的自信” 和C项“它和正式交谈一样重要”在文章中没有涉及,属于主观臆断。
32、4.C主旨大意题。题干句意:文章最好的标题是什么?根据第二段最后一句(专家说闲聊是一种可带来巨大益处的极有价值的社交行为)以及最后一段最后一句(闲聊是良好举止的基础)可知,C项“闲聊的益处”与题干要求一致,故答案为C项。A项“会话很重要”为干扰项,错在偷换概念,conversation(会话, 交谈)和small talk(闲谈)不是一个概念;文章没有就闲聊的方式或方法做具体的解释,故排除B项“进行闲聊的方式”;D项“令人不安的沉默”只是第一段提到的现象之一,而不是文章的主旨。难句分析原句:Its more likely that none of us start a conversation
33、 because its awkward and challenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary.分析:it为形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句;在主语从句中because引导原因状语从句,并列连词or连接两个并列的分句。译文:更可能的是我们中没有一个人开始交谈,因为这样做是令人尴尬的和富有挑战性的,或者我们认为这样做是令人讨厌的,并且没有必要。重点词汇intelligence n. 智力,智慧,聪明awkward adj.笨拙的,令人尴尬的invaluable adj.极有价值的psychology n. 心理学, 心理s
34、ignificantly adv. 显著地;大大地词汇积累seek out找出,找到well-being n.健康,幸福bond n. 纽带,关系Passage 4(2017课标全国,C) 词数:325Some of the worlds most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Or
35、ganization)recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合)voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger
36、generations.Its Jason Morans job to help change that. As the Kennedy Centers artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.“Jazz seems like its not really a part of the American appetite,”Moran tells Nation
37、al Public Radios reporter Neal Conan.“What Im hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. Its actually color, and its actually digital.”Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment asp
38、ect of the music has been lost.“The music cant be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,”says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Wallers music for a dance party,“just to kind of put it ba
39、ck in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,”says Moran.“For me, its the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感)lie?Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟)on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us
40、 into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts?Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,”says Moran,“so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”1.Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?A.To remember the birth of jazz.B.To prot
41、ect cultural diversity.C.To encourage people to study music.D.To recognize the value of jazz.2.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Jazz becoming more accessible.B.The production of jazz growing faster.C.Jazz being less popular with the young.D.The jazz audience becoming larg
42、er.3.What can we infer about Morans opinion on jazz?A.It will disappear gradually.B.It remains black and white.C.It should keep up with the times.D.It changes every 50 years.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Exploring the Future of JazzB.The Rise and Fall of JazzC.The Sto
43、ry of a Jazz MusicianD.Celebrating the Jazz Day答案语篇解读本文为说明文。联合国教科文组织把4月30日定为国际爵士乐日,以此提高人们对爵士乐的认识,突出它的重要性。1.D事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句话 “.to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and.”可知,联合国教科文组织把这一天定为国际爵士乐日是为了提高人们对爵士乐的认识,突出它的重要性,即让人们认可它的价值。所以答案为D项。2.C推理判断题。根据第二段中的描述:在美国爵士乐的观众越来越少,年纪也越来越大,这种音乐和年轻一代失
44、去了联系。改变这一点正是Jason Moran的工作。所以答案为C项。3.C推理判断题。根据第五段中的 “It has to continue to move, because.”可知,Moran认为爵士乐需要不断地前进,因为当今的世界和以前已经不一样了。由此推断出Moran对爵士乐的看法应该是:爵士乐应该跟上时代的脚步。所以答案为C项。4.A主旨大意题。第一段作者提到为了让人们认可爵士乐的价值而设立了国际爵士乐日;后面描述了爵士乐的现状,指出了为什么现在的年轻人不接受它;再结合最后一段中的“so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are th
45、e things I want to foster.”可知,本文的主题就是探索爵士乐的未来。所以答案为A项。重点词汇gain v.获得;赢得;得到abstract adj.抽象的Passage 5(2017课标全国,C) 词数:317Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle
46、named the Transitionhas two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons p
47、er hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. Bu
48、t dont expect it to show up in too many driveways. Its expected to cost $279,000. And it wont help if youre stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has co
49、me closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped
50、 by the Federal Aviation Administrations decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Trans
51、ition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.The basic data of the Transition.B.The advantages of flying cars.C.The potential market for flying cars.D.The designers of the Transition.2.Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too man
52、y driveways? A.It causes traffic jams.B.It is difficult to operate.C.It is very expensive.D.It burns too much fuel.3.What is the governments attitude to the development of the flying car?A.Cautious. B.Favorable.C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Flying Car at Auto Sho
53、wB.The Transitions First FlightC.Pilots Dream Coming TrueD.Flying Car Closer to Reality答案语篇解读本文为说明文,介绍了一种新型的能飞的汽车。1.A主旨大意题。第一段中详细介绍了这种能飞行的汽车的资料:两个座位、四个轮子、上个月在1,400英尺的高空飞行了8分钟、速度是大约每小时70英里、空中速度115英里以及油耗。所以第一段主要介绍了这种汽车的基本资料。所以答案为A项。2.C推理判断题。根据第二段中的 “But dont expect it to show up in too many driveways.
54、 Its expected to cost $279,000.” 可推断出,这种汽车不可能在路上大量出现的原因是这种汽车的价格昂贵。所以答案为C项。3.B推理判断题。根据第三段中的 “The government has already permitted the company to use.”可知,政府已经许可这个公司使用特殊材料让这种车更容易飞起来,由此推断出政府的态度是支持的。所以答案为B项。4.D主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句话 “.bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the
55、next year.”以及后文对这种汽车的现状和远景的详细描述可推断出本文的主题应该是:飞行汽车接近现实。所以答案为D项。A、B两项是文中的某个细节,不是主题;C项与本文内容无关。重点词汇fold up折叠;叠起deposit n.存款;订金show up出现;露面be stuck in被困在中go through经历;经受长难句Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administrations decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards
56、for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes.Mann说Terrafugia公司得益于联邦航空管理局五年前为轻型运动飞行器单独创造一套标准的决定,这些标准比较大的飞机的飞行员的标准低。本句为复合句。said后为宾语从句,从句的引导词that省略;which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词standards。Passage 6(2017课标全国,D) 词数:324The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have
57、turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leadin
58、g to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive. Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and in
59、telligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains:“For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”“But we all have to accept that as we ge
60、t older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, exp
61、lains: “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.”“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30m
62、ph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. Were looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.”“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to
63、ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”1.What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?A.To explore new means of transport.B.To design new types of cars.C.To find out older drivers problems.D.To teach people traffic rules.2.Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?A.I
64、t keeps them independent.B.It helps them save time.C.It builds up their strength.D.It cures their mental illnesses.3.What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?A.Improve their driving skills.B.Develop driver-assist technologies.C.Provide tips on repairing their cars.D.Organize regular physical
65、 checkups.4.What is the best title for the text?A.A New Model Electric CarB.A Solution to Traffic ProblemsC.Driving Services for EldersD.Keeping Older Drivers on the Road答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员为了理解老年司机面临的生活挑战和压力而进行的一项研究。他们想通过研究,找到一套切实可行的技术方案,以延长老年人的开车时间,确保他们的开车安全。1.C事实细节题。由第一段中的in order to understa
66、nd the challenges faced by older drivers和第六段中的is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers可知,答案选C。2.A事实细节题。根据第四段第二句中的preserving their independence可知答案选A。3.B事实细节题。由文章第三段和最后一段可知,研究人员希望他们可以研究出一套技术方案,帮助老年司机继续安全开车,故答案选B。4.D主旨大意题。由第三段最后一句话中的help them to con
67、tinue driving into later life可知答案选D。重点词汇preserve v.保持长难句But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills.但我们都不得不承认,随着我们变老,我们的反应就慢下来,这经常造成人们回避那些
68、具有潜在挑战性的驾驶状况并失去对他们的驾驶技能的信心。这是一个并列复合句。第一个分句中,that引导的是宾语从句,从句中as we get older是时间状语从句;第一个and是并列连词,连接两个并列的分句。第二个分句的主语是this,谓语是results in。Passage 7 词数:326Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a
69、 visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camels hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat bega
70、n to look ragged(蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.The cats lot was about to improve. That year, one of Benjamins cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamins drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a
71、box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings(版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr. Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gi
72、ft. He asked Benjamins parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape(风景)painting. William Williams, a well-known painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Be
73、njamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, “Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.”While it is likely that he understood very little
74、of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist. 1.What is the text mainly about?A.Benjamins visit to Philadelphia.B.Williams influence on Benjamin.C.The beginning of Benjamins life as an artist.D.The friendship between B
75、enjamin and Pennington.2.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?A.The cat would be closely watched.B.The cat would get some medical care.C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly.D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon.3.What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?A.He
76、 took him to see painting exhibitions.B.He provided him with painting materials.C.He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.D.He taught him how to make engravings.4.Williams two books helped Benjamin to .A.master the use of paintsB.appreciate landscape paintingsC.get to know other paintersD.make up hi
77、s mind to be a painter答案语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。Benjamin 小时候喜欢画画,很有画画的天赋。在他的堂兄和一位知名画家的影响下,他立志成为一名画家。1.C主旨大意题。本文讲述了美国画家Benjamin West小时候的画画经历及他是如何立志成为一名画家的,故选C。2.D推理判断题。本句前面的内容是他被迫承认了他在猫的身上薅毛做画笔的事,后面讲到他的堂兄送给他真正的颜料和画笔。而此句的意思是“猫的命运将得到改善”。由此推断此句暗示“他将很快得到真正的画笔”,故选D。3.B事实细节题。由文章的第三段可知,Benjamin的堂兄Pennington给他提供了颜料和画笔;
78、由第五段可知Pennington给他提供了创作油画的材料,故选B。4.D推理判断题。从文章的最后一段可知Williams给了他两本有关画画的经典著作,但是他其实不是很懂,不过却爱不释手。同时从最后一句“The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.”也可以看出这两本书帮助他下定决心成为一名画家,故选D。重点词汇show ones talent for.展现出的天赋before long(=soon)不久be impressed with对有深刻的印象长难句While it is likely that he unde
79、rstood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings.虽然他可能对那两本书的内容理解不了多少,但是那两本书让他初次接触了古典画。本句为复合句,其中While it is likely that he understood very little of the books为让步状语从句;该从句中含有一个it is likely that.结构。they were his introduction to classical paintings为主句。Passage 8 词数:307Sup
80、pose youre in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble.Realisation will probably set in seconds after youve clicked “send”. You freeze in horror and burn with shame.What to do?Here are four common email accidents, and how to reco
81、ver.Clicking “send”too soonDont waste your time trying to find out if the receiver has read it yet. Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.Writing the wrong nameThe sooner you not
82、ice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apologising for your mistake. Keep the tone measured:dont handle it too lightly, as people can be offended, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture(i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names).Clicking “reply all”unintentionall
83、yYou accidentally reveal(透露)to the entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner, or what holiday youd like to take. In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to something worse
84、, when everyone starts hitting “reply all” to join in a long and unpleasant conversation. In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.Sending an offensive message to its subjectThe most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind message
85、 about someone, intending to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person youre discussing. In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry. Explain your frustrations calmly and sensiblysee it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this
86、 person.1.After realising an email accident, you are likely to feel .A.curiousB.tiredC.awful D.funny2.If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to .A.apologise in a serious mannerB.tell the receiver to ignore the errorC.learn to write the name correctlyD.send a short notice to every
87、one3.What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your “reply all”email?A.Try offering other choices.B.Avoid further involvement.C.Meet other staff members.D.Make a light-hearted apology.4.How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email?A.By promising not to off
88、end the receiver again.B.By seeking support from the receivers friends.C.By asking the receiver to control his anger.D.By talking to the receiver face to face.5.What is the passage mainly about?A.Defining email errors. B.Reducing email mistakes.C.Handling email accidents.D.Improving email writing.答案
89、语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。在日常生活中你可能会不经意发错电子邮件,造成不必要的尴尬或冒犯别人。本文就这个问题提出了几种解决的办法。1.C事实细节题。根据第二段中的 “You freeze in horror and burn with shame.”可知,在你意识到发错了邮件时,你会惊恐地愣住,羞得脸颊发烫。由此可知你会感觉很糟糕。curious 好奇的;tired劳累的;awful糟糕的;funny 滑稽的,所以答案为C项。2.A推理判断题。根据Writing the wrong name部分中的“Respond quickly and briefly, apologising for yo
90、ur mistake. Keep the tone measured:dont handle it too lightly”可以推断出,在写错名字时,要立即道歉,并且说话的语调要有分寸,不能太轻率,也就是你要严肃认真地道歉,所以答案为A项。3.B推理判断题。根据Clicking “reply all” unintentionally部分中的 “In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.”可以推断出,出现这种情况时,你要离开键盘,让每个人都冷静下来,也就是不要继续参与讨论,所以答案为
91、B项。4.D事实细节题。根据最后一段中的 “In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry.”可知,出现这种情况时,要亲自向收件人道歉,所以答案为D项。5.C主旨大意题。根据第三段 “What to do? Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover.”可知,本文的主题就是当发错邮件时你应该如何补救。本文列举了四种常见的错误以及相应的补救措施,所以答案为C项。重点词汇freeze v.结冰;(因害怕等)惊呆,吓呆version n.
92、版本ignore v.忽略;忽视offended adj.生气的frustration n.沮丧;懊恼realisation n.认识;意识;领悟swiftly adv.快地;迅速地accidentally adv.意外地;偶然地Passage 9 词数:358Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vacc
93、ine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading ed
94、ge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called“herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who cant be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinat
95、ed and people on whom the vaccine doesnt work.But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.Thats exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from
96、 Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make othe
97、rs suffer.Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加)of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccin
98、e.Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions?Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vac
99、cines provide, but theyll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.1.The first two paragraphs suggest that.A.a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trendB.the outbreak of measles attracts the public attentionC.anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasonsD.information about
100、measles spreads quickly2.Herd immunity works well when.A.exemptions are allowedB.several vaccines are used togetherC.the whole neighborhood is involved inD.new regulations are added to the state laws3.What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?A.The overuse of vaccine.B.The lack of medical
101、care.C.The features of measles itself.D.The vaccine opt-outs of some people.4.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To introduce the idea of exemption.B.To discuss methods to cure measles.C.To stress the importance of vaccination.D.To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。题材为科普知
102、识类。14年前因为疫苗的使用,麻疹病在美国几乎消失了。但是最近,美国麻疹病例的数量却呈小幅上升趋势,这无疑给人们敲响了警钟。1.A推理判断题。文章第一段讲的是由于反疫苗运动,麻疹病卷土重来;再根据第二段第一句可知,麻疹病例的数量听起来不多,但是它们却是一种危险趋势的开始,故选A项。2.C事实细节题。根据第三段第一句可知,群体免疫力只有在几乎整个群体都进行了疫苗免疫后才能起作用,故选C项。3.D推理判断题。根据第一段第二句及倒数第三、四段的内容可知选D项。4.C主旨大意题。作者通过讲述日益增长的反疫苗运动以及一些州政府法律对于疫苗豁免权的不限制,分析了美国麻疹病例的数量呈小幅上升趋势的原因,由此
103、向读者强调接种疫苗的重要性,故选C项。重点词汇comeback n.复出;重返break down失败,垮掉长难句But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly.但是这种疾病正在卷土重来,起因是日益增长的反疫苗运动以及正在迅速传播的错误信息。本句为复合句。过去分词短语caused by.作后置定语,修饰comeback,两者之间为逻辑上的被动关系;that is spreading quickl
104、y是定语从句,修饰先行词misinformation。Passage 10 词数: 455Hollywoods theory that machines with evil(邪恶的)minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI)may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really wa
105、nt. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way:“If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is th
106、e purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things:a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans;it is a logical consequence of the si
107、mple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are n
108、ot careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists.
109、 Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work:we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alo
110、ne super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI rese
111、archers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teamsyet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that sup
112、er intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11,1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12,1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中
113、子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.1.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may.A.run out of human controlB.satisfy humans real desiresC.command armies of killer robotsD.work faster than a mathematician2.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they
114、 might be able to.A.prevent themselves from being destroyedB.achieve their original goals independentlyC.do anything successfully with given ordersD.beat humans in international chess matches3.According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to.A.help super intelligent machines work betterB.be se
115、cure against evil human beingsC.keep machines from being harmedD.avoid robots affecting the world4.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A.It will disappear with the development of AI.B.It will get worse with human interference.C.It will be solved but with di
116、fficulty.D.It will stay for a decade.答案语篇解读本文为议论文。人工智能如果有了某种特定的目标,它便会不择手段地去生存并去实现自己的目标。如果放任不管,人类也许会失去对人工智能的控制。解决这个问题虽然是有可能的,但并非易事。1.A主旨大意题。根据第一段的第一句和第二句可知,人工智能有可能会超出人类的控制,Norbert Wiener创立的控制论也说明了这一点,故选A。2.A推理判断题。由第二段中的“a wish to preserve its own existence”以及“it is a logical consequence of the simple
117、 fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead”可以看出,有特定目标的机器会保护自身免受破坏,故选A。3.D事实细节题。根据第三段中的“Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines., using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world.”可知,一些研究者认为利用防火墙可防止机器影响到现实世界,故选D。4.C事实
118、细节题。由最后一段的首句“Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.”可知,很好地解决安全问题并取得进展是有可能的,但是绝非易事,C项符合文章内容。重点词汇other than除之外preserve v.保护;维护let alone更不用说dismiss v.摒弃;不予考虑moonshine n.蠢话,胡言乱语长难句If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose
119、operation we cannot effectively interfere, we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.如果我们利用某机械机构来实现我们的目标,而我们又不能有效地干预其运行,那我们最好十分确定我们赋予机器的目标就是我们真正要实现的目标。本句为复合句。if在句中引导条件状语从句,在该从句中,不定式短语作目的状语,with whose引导定语从句,先行词为a mechanical agency;which引导定
120、语从句,修饰先行词the purpose。Passage 11(2016课标全国,D) 词数:332The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultura
121、l groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among
122、 people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for
123、reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under disc
124、ussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurse
125、s and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allow
126、ed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈)value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.1.What does the author say about silence in conversations? A.It implies anger. B.It promotes friendship.C.It is cultu
127、re-specific.D.It is content-based.2.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A.The Chinese.B.The French.C.The Mexicans.D.The Russians.3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.B.Break it while treating pa
128、tients.C.Evaluate its harm to patients.D.Make use of its healing effects.4.What may be the best title for the text?A.Sound and SilenceB.What It Means to Be SilentC.Silence to Native AmericansD.Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在不同文化中“沉默”所表达的不同意义以及其在医疗方面的作用。1.C主旨大意题。根据文章第一段开头“The m
129、eaning of silence varies among cultural groups.”及下文的进一步说明可知,在谈话中,“沉默”具有文化独特性(culture-specific),故选C项。2.A推理判断题。由第二段结尾处的a call for reflection可将答案定位在第二段,通读第二段可得出答案为A项。3.D事实细节题。根据文章最后一段第一句以及最后一句“A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patie
130、nts from their own and from other cultures.”可知,作者建议护士利用沉默的治疗效果照顾病人,故选D项。4.B主旨大意题。文章主要讲述的是沉默在不同文化中所表达的不同意义以及其在医疗方面的作用,故选B项(沉默的意义)。重点词汇anxiety n.焦虑interrupt v.打断assist v.协助,帮助 长难句Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiet
131、y their patients may be experiencing.护士和其他的护理人员在发现病人可能处于焦虑状态时需要明白沉默的可能含义。本句为复合句,句子主干为:Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence,其中when引导时间状语从句,their patients may be experiencing为定语从句,先行词为 anxiety。 Passage 12 词数:385Failure is probably the most exhausting experi
132、ence a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.We experience this tiredness in two ways: as start-up fatigue(疲惫)and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it is either too boring or too difficult.And the longer we delay it, the more tire
133、d we feel.Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first.Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous autho
134、rs. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical order(按字母顺序), never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the days work with the difficult task of essay-writing.Experience proved that the rule works.Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though wi
135、lling to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I canthen let the unconscious take over.When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica(大英百科全书), I had to create a table of co
136、ntents based on the topics of its articles. Nothing like this had ever been done before, and day after day I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable.One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved. I t
137、ried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relieved, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind proved corre
138、ct at every step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.Human beings, I believe, must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired.1.People with start-up fatigue are most likely to.A.delay tasksB.work hardC.seek h
139、elp D.accept failure2.What does the author recommend doing to prevent start-up fatigue?A.Writing essays in strict order.B.Building up physical strength.C.Leaving out the toughest ideas.D.Dealing with the hardest task first.3.On what occasion does a person probably suffer from performance fatigue?A.B
140、efore starting a difficult task.B.When all the solutions fail.C.If the job is rather boring.D.After finding a way out.4.According to the author, the unconscious mind may help us.A.ignore mental problemsB.get some nice sleepC.gain complete reliefD.find the right solution5.What could be the best title
141、 for the passage?A.Success Is Built upon FailureB.How to Handle Performance FatigueC.Getting over Fatigue:A Way to SuccessD.Fatigue: An Early Sign of Health Problems答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。题材为社会生活类。失败往往会使人产生倦怠。我们往往以两种方式经历这种倦怠,即启动疲劳和执行疲劳。1.A事实细节题。根据第二段“In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it
142、 is either too boring or too difficult.”可知,具有启动疲劳的人们往往会推迟自己的工作,所以答案为A项。2.D事实细节题。根据第三段最后一句话“The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply:always handle the most difficult job first.”可知,防止启动疲劳的方法是先处理最困难的任务,所以答案为D项。3.B事实细节题。根据第五段中的however hard we work, we fail again and again可知,这种疲惫是在我们一次次努力
143、去解决问题,但是一次次失败了的情况下发生的,所以答案为B项(当所有的解决办法都行不通的时候)。4.D事实细节题。根据倒数第二段中的the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind proved correct at every step可知,在我无意识的情况下想出来的解决办法在解决问题中每一步都证明是正确的,所以答案为D项。5.C主旨大意题。文章第一段提出:没有什么事情比不成功更让人疲惫的了;后面几段分别描述了常见的两种疲惫以及各自的解决办法;最后总结:成功就意味着永远不会感到疲惫。所以本文的主题是:要想成功必须克服倦怠,所以答案为C项
144、。重点词汇exhausting adj. 让人疲惫的delay=put off v.推迟,耽搁unconscious adj. 无意识的unbearable adj. 无法忍受的Passage 13 词数:720Not so long ago, most people didnt know who Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce was going to become. She was just an average high school athlete. There was every indication that she was just another Jamaica
145、n teenager without much of a future. However, one person wanted to change this. Stephen Francis observed then eighteen-year-old Shelly-Ann at a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginnings of true greatness. Her times were not exactly impressive, but even so, he sensed there was some
146、thing trying to get out, something the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking. He decided to offer Shelly-Ann a place in his very strict training sessions. Their cooperation quickly produced results, and a few years later at Jamaicas Olympic trials in early 200
147、8, Shelly-Ann, who at that time only ranked number 70 in the world, beat Jamaicas unchallenged queen of the sprint(短跑).“Where did she come from?” asked an astonished sprinting world, before concluding that she must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time, only to disappear a
148、gain without signs. But Shelly-Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one-hit wonder. At the Beijing Olympics she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 metres Olympic gold. She did it again one year on at the Wo
149、rld Championships in Berlin, becoming world champion with a time of 10.73the fourth fastest time ever.Shelly-Ann is a little woman with a big smile. She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance. Her journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effor
150、tless. She grew up in one of Jamaicas toughest inner-city communities known as Waterhouse, where she lived in a one-room apartment, sleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers. Waterhouse, one of the poorest communities in Jamaica, is a really violent and overpopulated place. Several of
151、Shelly-Anns friends and family were caught up in the killings; one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived. Sometimes her family didnt have enough to eat. She ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldnt afford shoes. Her mother Maxime, one of a fa
152、mily of fourteen, had been an athlete herself as a young girl but, like so many other girls in Waterhouse, had to stop after she had her first baby.Maximes early entry into the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouses ro
153、undabout of poverty. One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the track, and she was ready to sacrifice everything.It didnt take long for Shelly-Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse. On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008, all those long, h
154、ard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit. The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty, surrounded by criminals and violence, had written a new chapter in the history of sports.But Shelly-Anns victory was far greater than that. The night she won Olympic gold
155、 in Beijing, the routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped. The dark cloud above one of the worlds toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days. “I have so much fire burning for my country,”Shelly said. She plans to start a foundation f
156、or homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse. She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons. She intends to fight to make it a womans as well as a mans world. As Muhammad Ali puts it, “Champions arent made in gyms. Champions are made from something they hav
157、e deep inside them. A desire, a dream, a vision.”One of the things Shelly-Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth.1. Why did Stephen Francis decide to coach Shelly-Ann?A.He had a strong desire to free her family from trouble.B.He sensed a great potential in her despite her weaknesses.
158、C.She had big problems maintaining her performance.D.She suffered a lot of defeats at the previous track meets.2.What did the sprinting world think of Shelly-Ann before the 2008 Olympic Games?A.She would become a promising star.B.She badly needed to set higher goals.C.Her sprinting career would not
159、last long.D.Her talent for sprinting was known to all.3.What made Maxime decide to train her daughter on the track?A.Her success and lessons in her career.B.Her interest in Shelly-Anns quick profit.C.Her wish to get Shelly-Ann out of poverty.D.Her early entrance into the sprinting world.4.What can w
160、e infer from Shelly-Anns statement underlined in Paragraph 5?A.She was highly rewarded for her efforts.B.She was eager to do more for her country.C.She became an athletic star in her country.D.She was the envy of the whole community.5.By mentioning Muhammad Alis words, the author intends to tell us
161、that .A.players should be highly inspired by coachesB.great athletes need to concentrate on patienceC.hard work is necessary in ones achievementsD.motivation allows great athletes to be on the top6.What is the best title for the passage?A.The Making of a Great AthleteB.The Dream for ChampionshipC.Th
162、e Key to High PerformanceD.The Power of Full Responsibility答案语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。题材为人物故事类。本文讲述了在北京奥运会上获得女子100米短跑金牌的牙买加运动员Shelly-Ann的奋斗故事,也给那些想取得成功的人一个启示:要有渴望、有梦想、有愿景。1.B推理判断题。根据第一段中的描述可知,从她身上教练看到了一个伟大成功的开始,看到了她身上有东西可以被开发出来,尽管这些东西被其他教练忽视了。由此推断出这位教练决定训练Shelly-Ann是因为他看到了Ann身上的那股巨大潜力。故答案为B项。2.C事实细节题。根据第二段中的描述:
163、她就是那种偶尔出名一次的人(one-hit),会在毫无征兆的情况下又销声匿迹了(disappear again without signs)可知答案为C项。3.C事实细节题。根据第三段中的描述:她下决心不会让她的孩子在Waterhouse一直过这种贫穷的生活可知答案为C项。4.B推理判断题。本段描述:Shelly-Ann在北京奥运会获得金牌后她那个充满凶杀和暴力的家乡也一下子安静了好几天。她说:我有很多能量为我的祖国去燃烧,由此推断出她说这句话的目的就是想为自己的国家做更多的贡献。故答案为B项。5.D推理判断题。拳王阿里说:冠军不是产生于体育馆,是产生于自己内心的某种东西。要有渴望、有梦想、有
164、愿景。由此推断出阿里认为做一件事的动机会让运动员达到巅峰。故答案为D项。6.A主旨大意题。本文主要讲的是一位教练如何发现了Shelly-Ann并把她培养成世界冠军的历程。故答案为A项。重点词汇indication n.迹象,标示assess v.评定,评估consistently adv. 一直,一贯anything but 根本不commitment n.付出,投入长难句She grew up in one of Jamaicas toughest inner-city communities known as Waterhouse, where she lived in a one-roo
165、m apartment, sleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers. 她在牙买加治安最差的贫民区之一的Waterhouse长大。在这里她居住在一个有一个房间的公寓中,和母亲还有两个弟弟四个人睡在一张床上。本句为主从复合句。第一个逗号之前是主句部分;关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Waterhouse;sleeping.是非谓语动词作状语。Passage 14 词数:359California Condors Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condors are North Amer
166、icas largest birds, with wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to
167、be bred(繁殖). Since 1992, there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.Electrical lines have been killing them off.“As they go in to rest for the night, they just dont see the power lines,”says
168、 Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them
169、a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced,66% of set-free birds died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisoning has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lea
170、d. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failure and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is
171、 starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.Rideouts team thinks that the California condors average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years.“Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he
172、says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”1.California condors attract researchers interest because they.A.are active at nightB.had to be bred in the wildC.are found only in CaliforniaD.almost died out in the 1980s2.Researchers have found electrical li
173、nes are.A.blocking condors journey homeB.big killers of California condorsC.rest places for condors at nightD.used to keep condors away3.According to Paragraph 5, lead poisoning.A.makes condors too nervous to flyB.has little effect on condors kidneysC.can hardly be gotten rid of from condors bloodD.
174、makes it difficult for condors to produce baby birds4.This passage shows that.A.the average survival time of condors is satisfactoryB.Rideouts research interest lies in electric engineeringC.the efforts to protect condors have brought good resultsD.researchers have found the final answers to the pro
175、blem答案语篇解读本文为说明文,题材为动物保护类。文章介绍了科学家们采取措施拯救濒危鸟类加州秃鹰的情况。1.D事实细节题。由首段第二句可知,在20世纪80年代,由于电线和铅中毒,加州秃鹰濒临灭绝。故选D。 2.B事实细节题。由第三段首句“一直以来电线在大量电死加州秃鹰”可知答案选B。3.D推理判断题。由第五段第三句“这影响到它们的神经系统和它们繁育幼鸟的能力”可推知,答案选D。4.C主旨大意题。由尾段可知“尽管这些措施不会永久有效,但在目前是至关重要的”,再结合文中所给的数据可知答案选C。长难句Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, res
176、ulting in electrocution if they touch two lines at once.它们的翅膀能把电线之间的间隙连接起来,如果它们同时接触两根电线的话就会被电死。本句为复合句。if引导条件状语从句;现在分词短语resulting.作结果状语。Passage 15(2016课标全国,D) 词数:356Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broa
177、dcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控)in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking peoples e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.“Theif it
178、 bleedsrule works for mass media,”says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.“They want your eyeballs and dont care how youre feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”Research
179、ers analyzing word-of-mouth communicatione-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversationsfound that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didnt necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more g
180、ood things than bad things?To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories:thousands of articles on The New York Times website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the“most e-mailed”list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in
181、 the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like a
182、nger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激发)one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, Contagious:Why Things Catch On.1.What do the
183、 classic rules mentioned in the text apply to? A.News reports. B.Research papers.C.Private e-mails.D.Daily conversations.2.What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?A.Theyre socially inactive.B.Theyre good at telling stories.C.Theyre inconsiderate of others.D.Theyre careful with their words.
184、3.Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Bergers research? A.Sports news. B.Science articles.C.Personal accounts.D.Financial reviews.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Sad Stories Travel Far and WideB.Online News Attracts More PeopleC.Reading Habits Change with the TimesD.G
185、ood News Beats Bad on Social Networks答案语篇解读新闻媒体为了吸引人们的眼球,常常报道不好的消息或悲惨的事情,但是随着网络的发展情况有了变化。研究者通过追踪人们的邮件和网络跟帖,发现好的消息传播得更快。在现在的社交网络中,好消息打败了坏消息,人们更倾向于传播正能量的文章等。1.A事实细节题。根据文章第一段中的“Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.”可知传统规则适用于新闻报道,故A选项正确。2.C推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容可知大众媒体只关
186、心(新闻)是否吸引你的眼球,而不关心你的感受,但是当你和你的朋友分享故事的时候,你会非常关心你朋友的反应,不希望对方认为你是一个冷漠的、不体贴的人。故C选项正确。3.B事实细节题。根据第三段倒数第二句话可知科学类的文章比非科学类的文章被写入邮件的可能性大得多,故B选项正确。4.D主旨大意题。根据文章第一段内容可知,坏消息传播得更快。如果新闻里有“流血事件”,那么这条新闻会成为头版头条,引起人们的注意。但是现在情况发生了变化,研究者通过追踪人们的邮件和网络跟帖,发现好的消息传播得更快。在现在的社交网络中,好消息打败了坏消息,故D选项正确。长难句Readers also tended to sha
187、re articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad.读者们也倾向于分享让人感到兴奋或是有趣的文章,或是引发愤怒或焦虑的消极感受的文章,而不是仅仅让他们感到忧伤的文章。本句是复合句,三个that引导的定语从句对articles进行解释说明。Passage 16 词数:385Chimps(黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways, like
188、 gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children, who are able from a you
189、ng age to gather their own food.In the laboratory, chimps dont naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage, he will pull at randomhe just doesnt
190、 care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.Human children, on the other hand, are naturally cooperative. From the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied thi
191、s cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not ta
192、ught,but naturally possessed in young children.One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intell
193、igence develops in children before their general cognitive(认知的)skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.The core of what chi
194、ldrens minds have and chimps dont is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends
195、to work toward a shared goal.1.What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?A.Chimps seldom care about others interests.B.Chimps tend to provide food for their children.C.Chimps like to take in their neighbors food.D.Chimps naturally share food with each other.2.Michael Tomasellos tests on youn
196、g children indicate that they.A.have the instinct to help othersB.know how to offer help to adultsC.know the world better than chimpsD.trust adults with their hands full3.The passage is mainly about .A.the helping behaviors of young childrenB.ways to train childrens shared intentionalityC.cooperatio
197、n as a distinctive human natureD.the development of intelligence in children答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。很小的孩子就会帮助别人,与人合作和分享,这是人的本性。1.A事实细节题。根据文章第二段中的实验得知黑猩猩不关心、不在乎同类。故A项正确。其中C项干扰性较大,黑猩猩只是自私,而不是喜欢那么做。2.A推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一、二句得知小孩帮助他人是出于本能。故A项正确。3.C主旨大意题。通读全文可知,作者通过对黑猩猩和小孩进行实验证实了助人、与别人合作是人独有的本能。故C项正确。A项干扰性较大,文章不是简单地介绍
198、了小孩子的助人行为。重点词汇cooperate v.合作at random 随意地长难句If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage, he will pull at randomhe just doesnt care whether his neighbor gets fed or not.如果一只黑
199、猩猩被放在一个笼子里,在这个笼子里它能为自己拿一盘食物,或者能不付出更多的努力就可以拿到为旁边笼子里的邻居也提供食物的盘子,它会随意拿。它不关心它的邻居是否有吃的。If引导条件状语从句,其中where引导的定语从句修饰cage, that引导定语从句,whether也引导宾语从句。Passage 17(2015课标全国,B) 词数:304Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the
200、 pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating,for people are often less self-conscious(难为情)
201、when theyre in poorly lit placesand so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesnt have enough window light,get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study,people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent
202、 less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing,while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when its time to repaint,go blue.Dont forget the clockor the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里)per meal than those who
203、 rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time,and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while youre at it,actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down,turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and
204、 plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one,total intake(摄入)jumps by 14 percent.And well pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short,wide glass than a tall,skinny glass.1.The text
205、 is especially helpful for those who care about. A.their home comfortsB.their body shapeC.house buying D.healthy diets2.A home environment in blue can help people.A.digest food betterB.reduce food intakeC.burn more caloriesD.regain their appetites3.What are people advised to do at mealtimes?A.Eat qu
206、ickly. B.Play fast music.C.Use smaller spoons.D.Turn down the lights.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Is Your House Making You Fat?B.Ways of Serving DinnerC.Effects of Self-ConsciousnessD.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?答案语篇解读本文主要介绍了几种通过改变屋内环境进行饮食调节的方法。1.B事实细节题。根据文章第一句和第二句可知,本文的阅读对象主要
207、是那些关心自己体形的人。故选B。2.B事实细节题。根据文章第三段第三句话可知,研究发现人在蓝色房间里比在黄色或红色房间里吃饭时少摄入33%的食物。故选B。3.C事实细节题。根据文章最后一段第四句话可知,我们使用大的汤匙时摄入食物的总量比使用小的汤匙时摄入食物的总量多14%。故选C。4.A主旨大意题。整篇文章主要介绍了几种通过改变屋内环境与设施进行饮食调节的方法。故选A。Passage 18 词数:368Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life,mostly for the better.However
208、,social changes that are brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes.An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college. Surveys(调查)on this topic suggest that parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat” ove
209、rly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories.The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation ago.This is usually interpreted as a sign that todays parents are trying to manage their childrens lives past the poin
210、t where this behavior is appropriate.However,greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their “adult” children.In the context(背景)of this discussion,it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents involvement with th
211、eir grown children.If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently,would this have been possible?Probably not.On the other hand,does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasnt present a generation ago?Many
212、studies show that older parentstodays grandparentswould have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier.Furthermore,studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children.The fact that colleg
213、e students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new;nor are requests for more money to be sent from home.This phenomenon is neither good nor bad;it is a fact of college life,today and in the past.Thanks to the advanced technology,we live in an age of bettered communication.This has
214、many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college.But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.1.The surveys inf
215、orm us of.A.the development of technologyB.the changes of adult childrens behaviorC.the parents over-protection of their college childrenD.the means and expenses of students communication2.The writer believes that.A.parents today are more protective than those in the pastB.the disadvantages of new t
216、echnology outweigh its advantagesC.technology explains greater parental involvement with their childrenD.parents changed attitudes lead to college childrens delayed independence3.What is the best title for the passage?A.Technology or AttitudeB.Dependence or IndependenceC.Family Influences or Social
217、ChangesD.College Management or Communication Advancement4.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要点)C:Conclusion答案语篇解读本文为议论文,题材为社会生活类。文章介绍了无处不在的科技变革影响了生活的方方面面。然而科技带来的社会变化常常被误认为是人们的态度发生了改变。1.C事实细节题。根据第二段第二句可知调查表明今日的父母在子女搬进大学宿舍之后会继续对子女进
218、行过度保护。故选C。2.C推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知选C。3.A主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第二句和最后一段最后一句可知选 A。4.B推理判断题。第一段简要介绍,提出论点。第二、三段提出两个分论点,第四段提出次要点,第五段介绍了另外一个次要点,最后一段总结全文。故选B。Passage 19 词数:293Whether in the home or the workplace,social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.Social robots are about to bring te
219、chnology to the everyday world in a more humanized way,said Cynthia Breazeal,chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.While household robots today do the normal housework,social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools.For example,these robots will be able to distinguish when someon
220、e is happy or sad.This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.The Jibo robot,arranged to ship later this year,is designed to be a personalized assistant.You can talk to the robot,ask it questions,and make requests for it to perform different tasks.The robot doesnt just deliver general
221、 answers to questions;it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household.It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.Social robots are not just finding their way into the home.They have potential applications in everyth
222、ing from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market.The companys“Oshbot”robot is built to assist customers in a store,which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the product
223、s location in the store.It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.The more interaction the robot has with humans,the more it learns.But Oshbot,like other social robots,is not intended to replace workers,but to work a
224、longside other employees.“We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us,but with us,”said Breazeal.1.How are social robots different from household robots?A.They can control their emotions.B.They are more like humans.C.They do the normal housework.D.They respond to users more s
225、lowly.2.What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3?A.Communicate with you and perform operations.B.Answer your questions and make requests.C.Take your family pictures and deliver milk.D.Obey your orders and remind you to take pills.3.What can Oshbot work as? A.A language teacher.B.A tour guid
226、e.C.A shop assistant. D.A private nurse.4.We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will.A.train employees B.be our workmatesC.improve technologiesD.take the place of workers5.What does the passage mainly present?A.A new design idea of household robots.B.Marketing strategies for social
227、 robots.C.Information on household robots.D.An introduction to social robots.答案语篇解读本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类。过不了几年,社交类机器人就会以更加人性化的服务方式进入人们的日常生活。它们不仅是一种工具,而且会成为人们的朋友,根据不同的人群提供不同的服务。1.B推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,如今家庭机器人可以做日常家务,但是社交类机器人则更像是人类的朋友,而不仅仅是工具。例如,这些机器人可判断人的不同心情,从而做出不同的反应。由此可推知与家庭机器人相比,这些机器人更像人类。故选B。2.D事实细节题。根据第三段
228、内容可知,你可以和这种机器人说话,问它问题,要求它去执行各种任务,这种机器人不仅可以给出问题的一般答案,而且还会根据不同的家庭成员作出不同的反应,如提醒老人吃药或者拍全家福等。D项中“服从命令”和“提醒吃药”都是这种机器人可以胜任的。故选D。3.C事实细节题。由倒数第二段的“.is built to assist customers in a store.”可知,Oshbot可以作为售货员,帮助顾客找到他们所需要的商品,并且还能根据顾客的需要提出建议。故选C。4.B事实细节题。根据最后一段第二句可知,设计这种机器人不是用来替代工人的,而是和其他工人一起工作的,因此它们会成为我们的同事。故选B。
229、5.D主旨大意题。概括全文可知,本文主要介绍了社交类机器人,如为家庭提供人性化服务的Jibo robot以及可作为售货员的Oshbot。故选D。Passage 20 词数:369One day when I was 12,my mother gave me an order:I was to walk to the public library,and borrow at least one book for the summer.This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange probleminability to read.In
230、the library,I found my way into the“Childrens Room”.I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random.The cover of a book caught my eye.It presented a picture of a beagle.I had recently had a beagle,the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child.He was my secret share
231、r,but one morning,he was gone,given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him.I never forgot my beagle.There on the books cover was a beagle which looked identical(相同的)to my dog.I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover.My eyes ran across the title,Amos,the Beag
232、le with a Plan.Unknowingly,I had read the title.Without opening the book,I borrowed it from the library for the summer.Under the shade of a bush,I started to read about Amos.I read very,very slowly with difficulty.Though pages were turned slowly,I got the main idea of the story about a dog who,like
233、mine,had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home.That dog was my dog,and I was the little boy in the book.At the end of the story,my mind continued the final scene of reunion,on and on,until my own lost dog and I were,in my mind,running together.My mothers call returne
234、d me to the real world.I suddenly realized something:I had read a book,and I had loved reading that book.Everyone knew I could not read.But I had read it.Books could be incredibly wonderful and I was going to read them.I never told my mother about my“miraculous(奇迹般的)”experience that summer,but she s
235、aw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year.And years later,she was proud that her son had read thousands of books,was awarded a PhD in literature,and authored his own books,articles,poetry and fiction.The power of the words has held.1.The authors mother tol
236、d him to borrow a book in order to.A.encourage him to do more walkingB.let him spend a meaningful summerC.help cure him of his reading problemD.make him learn more about weapons2.The book caught the authors eye because.A.it contained pretty pictures of animalsB.it reminded him of his own dogC.he fou
237、nd its title easy to understandD.he liked childrens stories very much3.Why could the author manage to read the book through?A.He was forced by his mother to read it.B.He identified with the story in the book.C.The book told the story of his pet dog.D.The happy ending of the story attracted him.4.Wha
238、t can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.The author has become a successful writer.B.The authors mother read the same book.C.The authors mother rewarded him with books.D.The author has had happy summers ever since.5.Which one could be the best title of the passage?A.The Charm of a BookB.Mums Stri
239、ct OrderC.Reunion with My BeagleD.My Passion for Reading答案语篇解读本文为记叙文,题材为人物故事类。12岁时,作者的妈妈为了解决作者不能阅读的问题,要求作者那年夏天去图书馆至少借一本书。但就是这次图书馆之行改变了作者,之后作者读书越来越多,成绩越来越好,多年后取得了让妈妈感到骄傲的成就。1.C事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句可知,作者的妈妈让作者去图书馆至少借一本书,这是她解决作者阅读问题的武器。故答案为C项。2.B推理判断题。根据第二段可知,图书封面上的小猎兔狗吸引了作者,这让他想起了自己曾经养过的一只小猎兔狗,他们亲密无间,作者把自己的
240、秘密与它分享,但后来这只小猎兔狗被送给了他人,作者一直挂念着它。故答案为B项。3.B推理判断题。根据第四段可知,作者读了这本书,因为他认为书中讲到的故事和自己的经历相似,他认为书中的小猎兔狗就是他自己养过的那只小猎兔狗,想象着和它重逢的场面。由此可判断出作者能把这本书看完,就是因为他和书中的故事产生了共鸣。故答案为B项。4.A推理判断题。根据最后一段中“.was awarded a PhD in literature,and authored his own books,articles,poetry and fiction.”可知,作者被授予文学博士学位,写了很多自己的书、文章、诗歌以及小说
241、。故答案为A项。5.A主旨大意题。通过作者的经历可以得知,一本封面上有小猎兔狗的书改变了他的一生,故答案为A项。Passage 21 词数:466If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars,we would go in darkness happily,the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的)species on this planet.Instead,we are diurnal
242、 creatures,with eyes adapted to living in the suns light.This is a basic evolutionary fact,even though most of us dont think of ourselves as diurnal beings.Yet its the only way to explain what weve done to the night:Weve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.The benefits of this kind
243、of engineering come with consequencescalled light pollutionwhose effects scientists are only now beginning to study.Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design,which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of nig
244、ht and completely changes the light levelsand light rhythmsto which many forms of life,including ourselves,have adapted.Wherever human light spills into the natural world,some aspect of life is affected.In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars,leaving behind a vacant haze(
245、霾)that mirrors our fear of the dark.Weve grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit nightdark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earthis wholly beyond our experience,beyond memory almost.Weve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country,when nothing co
246、uld be further from the truth.Among mammals alone,the number of nocturnal species is astonishing.Light is a powerful biological force,and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁铁).The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being“captured”by searchlights on land or by the
247、 light from gas flares on marine oil platforms.Migrating at night,birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal,throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out o
248、f joint,including their nighttime breeding choruses.Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs.Like most other creatures,we do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare,to our internal clockwork,as light itself.Living in a glare of our own making,we have cut
249、 ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritagethe light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night.In a very real sense,light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe,to forget the scale of our being,which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep ni
250、ght with the Milky Waythe edge of our galaxyarching overhead.1.According to the passage,human beings. A.prefer to live in the darknessB.are used to living in the day lightC.were curious about the midnight worldD.had to stay at home with the light of the moon2.What does“it”(Paragraph 1)most probably
251、refer to?A.The night.B.The moon.C.The sky.D.The planet.3.The writer mentions birds and frogs to.A.provide examples of animal protectionB.show how light pollution affects animalsC.compare the living habits of both speciesD.explain why the number of certain species has declined4.It is implied in the l
252、ast paragraph that.A.light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animalsB.light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritagesC.human beings cannot go to the outer spaceD.human beings should reflect on their position in the universe5.What might be the best title for the passage?A.The Magic Lig
253、ht.B.The Orange Haze.C.The Disappearing Night.D.The Rhythms of Nature.答案语篇解读本文为说明文,题材为环境保护类。人类的眼睛习惯了阳光下的生活,所以作者认为人类属于日间活动的物种。但是晚上的灯光造成了光污染,这对人类自身、对动物等都是不利的。1.B推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“Instead,we are diurnal creatures.”可以得知,人类是日间活动的生物,眼睛习惯了阳光下的生活,B项与文章内容一致。故选B项。2.A事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句可知,把人类归为日间活动的物种才可以解释人类在晚上所做的事情,
254、也就是使夜晚充满灯光,由此可知it指代the night。故选A项。3.B推理判断题。第四段和第五段提到了光污染对鸟类和青蛙的影响。光是一种强大的生物力量,对许多物种来说它就像磁铁一样。鸟类无法逃脱陆地上的探照灯和海洋油井平台上的灯光,而且还可能会撞上有光的建筑。青蛙因为光污染而放弃了某些行为,如晚上用叫声来吸引异性的繁殖行为。概括这两段可知,作者以此来说明光污染确实影响到了动物。故选B项。4.D推理判断题。根据最后一段中“.light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe,to forget t
255、he scale of our being.”可知,光污染让我们看不到自己在宇宙中真正的位置,作者由此暗示人类应该反思自己在宇宙中的位置。故选D项。5.C主旨大意题。概括全文可知,由于光污染,夜晚被照得通亮,这对人类自己、对其他生物都是有害的,因而“消失的夜晚”可以概括文章大意。故选C项。Passage 22 词数:391In the United States alone,over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year.Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic
256、 waste like computers and personal digital assistants.The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by pr
257、ecious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste,the concentration(含量)of gold and other precious metals was higher in so-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals
258、removed,the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries,in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the
259、 finished products. Consider again the cell-phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories needed to make the box and packaging (包装)it came in. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is
260、dangerous in that “ the production, distribution, and use of productsas well as management of the resulting wasteall result in greenhouse gas release.”Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the startfor instance, buying reusable products and recycling.In many countries t
261、he concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive(动机)for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place?Governments incentive to require pro
262、ducers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap(气泡垫)that encased your television?From the governments point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer
263、 responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.1.By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that.A.the weight of e-goods is rather smallB.e-waste deserves to be made good use
264、 ofC.natural minerals contain more precious metalsD.the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste2. The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended.A.from producers to governmentsB.from governments to producersC.from individuals to distributorsD.from distributors to governments3.W
265、hat does the passage mainly talk about?A.The increase in e-waste.B.The creation of e-waste. C.The seriousness of e-waste.D.The management of e-waste.答案语篇解读本文为说明文,题材为环境保护类。随着电子数码科技的进步,越来越多的电子垃圾产生了,手机、电脑、个人电子器件等被扔掉的越来越多。这些被扔掉的电子垃圾中含有一些像金银之类的贵重金属,当然也有很多有毒物质。那我们该如何处理这些电子垃圾呢?1.B推理判断题。第二段提到了瑞士的一项研究结果:电子垃圾中贵重金属的含量要比自然界中矿石中贵重金属的含量还要高。由此推断作者旨在说明这些电子垃圾值得被充分利用,故选B项。2.B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的描述:政府要制定相关法律,对制造商提出明确的责任要求。由此推断这份责任应该是从政府开始延伸到制造商身上,故选B项。3.D主旨大意题。本文第一段提出了越来越严重的电子垃圾污染问题,后面就如何处理这些垃圾提出了一些建议,也明确了该问题所涉及各方应负的责任,由此推断出本文的主题应该是D项:电子垃圾的处理。