1、 语法初识原句感知自主探究1.We two, Mr Lee and myself, had a talk privately.2All the Chinese people, old and young, love our socialist country.3Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep.4Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.5Well d
2、iscuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.6The question why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion.(1)以上例句中加黑部分是同位语。同位语可以由名词、代词、数词、形容词或从句来充当。例句3是由名词短语作同位语；例句2是由形容词短语作同位语；例句4是由that引导的同位语从句。(2)在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位
3、语从句。从例句46可以看出，同位语从句一般用that,_whether,_why等词引导。(3)同位语从句常放在question,_problem,_news等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。语法剖析同位语主要是对名词或代词作进一步的解释，它可以是单词、短语或从句。1名词作同位语We teachers should be responsible for this.我们老师应该为此负责。2代词作同位语They each put forward a proposal.他们每个人都提出了一个建议。3数词作同位语You may leave it to us two.你可以把这事留给我们俩。4名词短
4、语、形容词短语、动名词短语、不定式短语等充当同位语。Mr Robeson, our headteacher, is from Canada.我们的班主任罗伯逊先生，来自加拿大。(名词短语作同位语)Is this your purpose, to avoid being punished?逃避惩罚，这就是你的目的？(不定式短语作同位语)在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, pr
5、omise, question 等名词的后面， 对前面的名词作进一步的解释， 说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词that, whether以及连接副词how, when, where, why等。1that引导的同位语从句(1)如果从句意义完整，用连词that引导同位语从句。注意：引导同位语从句的that不能省略。The order that all the soldiers should set off at once is given by the general.所有士兵立刻动身的命令是由将军下达的。(作order的同位语)People used to hold the b
6、elief that the earth was the center of the universe.人们曾认为地球是宇宙的中心。(作belief的同位语)(2)that引导的同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句定语从句不作成分，起连接作用，不可省略；所引导的句子对名词加以解释说明，且名词为抽象名词。如：The news that he gave in surprised me.他投降的消息让我很吃惊。(同位语从句，news和从句没有逻辑关系)作主语、宾语或表语，起连接作用，作宾语时可以省略；所引导的句子与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系。如：The news (that) he told me
7、surprised me. 他告诉我的消息让我很吃惊。(定语从句，news是told的逻辑宾语)即时演练1(1)判断下面句子中加黑部分是同位语从句还是定语从句：The news that Tom will go abroad next year was told by him.同位语从句The news that he told me is that Tom will go abroad next year.定语从句No one is happy with the fact that he found out.定语从句No one is happy with the fact that he
8、will become their boss.同位语从句(2)把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句。Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet. The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.The_fact_that_two_fifths_of_all_girls_in_America_are_on_a_diet_worries_their_parents_and_teachers_a_lot.Students should be given more free time. Th
9、e suggestion is welcomed by many people.The_suggestion_that_students_should_be_given_more_free_time_is_welcomed_by_many_people.2whether引导的同位语从句如果同位语从句的意义不完整，需要增加“是否”的意义，应用连词whether引导同位语从句。注意：if不能引导同位语从句。There is some doubt whether John will come on time.有人怀疑约翰是否会准时到来。Besides that, there is also a fi
10、erce debate over the question whether human cloning experiments should be allowed.除此以外，关于是否应该允许进行人类克隆试验的问题也引起了激烈的争论。3wh连接词引导的同位语从句如果同位语从句的意义不完整，需增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”、“什么”等含义，应用when, where, how, what等词引导同位语从句。(1)连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which引导同位语从句I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿
11、几号的鞋。I have no idea which wine is the best its a matter of personal taste.我不知道哪种酒最好，这是个人口味的问题。The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该做这项工作的问题需要考虑。(2)连接副词when, where, how, why引导的同位语从句We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我
12、们还没有决定。You have no idea how worried I was!你不知道我有多着急！(3)wh连接词引导的定语从句和wh连接词引导的同位语从句的区别同位语从句定语从句作成分，起连接作用，不可省略；有自己的含义，但是与先行词之间无关；所引导的句子对名词加以解释说明，且名词为抽象名词，如：I have no idea when she will be back.我不知道她将什么时候回来。(句中的when与idea毫无意义上的关联，其意思是“什么时候”，因此是同位语从句。)作成分，起连接作用；没有自己的含义，但是代替先行词在从句中作成分。不可省略， 如：I still remem
13、ber the day when I first came to Beijing. 我还记得我第一次来北京的那天。(句中的when相当于“on that day”，它没有疑问词“什么时候”的意义，是定语从句。)即时演练2(1)填入适当的连接词，并判断是定语从句还是同位语从句I have no idea how anxious she was！同位语从句The coat is in the place where you left it.定语从句The problem whether well build a new teaching building is still under discus
14、sion.同位语从句(2)完成句子The message whose_responsibility_it_was (是谁的责任) is known to all.I have no idea who_I_will_turn_to (我将向谁求助) if I am in trouble.I have no idea what_the_boy_is_doing_(那个男孩正在做什么) in the next room now.4同位语从句的几种特殊情况(1)同位语从句的隔离现象当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。The fact remains that he accepted
15、 the money.他收了那笔钱的事实依然存在。An idea occurred to him that he might go there by air.他突然想起他可以乘飞机去那里。(2)名词doubt后的同位语从句引导词的选择在名词doubt后的同位语从句用whether引导；在no doubt之后的同位语从句用that引导。We have some doubt whether they can come on time.我们怀疑他们是否能准时来。There is no doubt that he will keep his promise.毫无疑问他会守信的。(3)同位语从句中的虚拟
16、语气在suggestion, advice, request, order等表示“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should 动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。 Our teacher gave us some advice how we (should) use the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。即时演练3完成句子毫无疑问我们做得对。There is no doubt at all that_we_did_the_right_thing. 他是否能赢得一等奖还有些疑问。There is some doubt wh
17、ether_he_can_win_the_first_prize. 她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。The thought came to her that_maybe_she_had_left_the_door_open_when_she_left_home.主席提出建议，应采纳新规则。The suggestion came from the chairman that_the_new_rule_(should)_be_adopted. 链接高考单句语法填空1(2016天津高考)The manager put forward a suggestion that we should ha
18、ve an assistant. There is too much work to do.解析：句意：经理提出了一个建议，我们应该有一个助手。工作太多了。后面是建议的具体内容，不缺成分，故填that。2(2014重庆高考)Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?Yeah, but I have no idea why he did it; thats one of his favorite universities.解析：句意：“迈克拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取通知是真的吗？”“是的，但我不知道他这么做
19、的原因，耶鲁大学是他最喜爱的大学之一。”根据后面的thats one of his favorite universities可知这里指原因，故用why引导。3(江苏高考)The notice came around two in the afternoon_that the meeting would be postponed.解析：句意：大约在下午两点传来通知说会议将被延期。notice为抽象名词，that引导的同位语从句对notice的内容进行解释说明。4(浙江高考)I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in h
20、igh school, would be different.解析：此处是that引导的同位语从句，用来解释说明a promise的具体内容，同时从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以用that引导。5(辽宁高考)When the news came_that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.解析：句意：当战争已爆发的消息传来时，他决定去参军。空格后the war broke out为news的内容，构成了同位语从句，而且从句中什么成分也不缺，要用that来引导。针对演练.单句语法填空1The nurses are trying
21、 their best to reduce the patients fear that_he would die of the cancer.2I have no idea who will be invited to this party.3I have no idea which one I should choose.4Word came that we would hold a great party to celebrate the big victory.5Information has been put forward that more middle school gradu
22、ates will be admitted into universities.6We have some doubt whether he is qualified for the job.7The problem what we should do next is being discussed at the meeting now.8The question came up at the meeting whether we had enough money for our research or not. 9There is much discussion about the ques
23、tion how the rising food prices are affecting ordinary people.10We accepted his suggestion that the whole class be_divided (divide) into three groups.完成句子1Modern science has given clear evidence that_smoking_can_lead_to_many_diseases.现代科学已经给出充分的证据表明吸烟会导致许多疾病。2A warm thought came to me that_I_might_h
24、elp_wash_my_moms_feet on Thanksgiving Day.我突然冒出的一个温暖的想法是在感恩节帮妈妈洗脚。3Do you have an idea why_he_hasnt_been_accepted by Beijing University?你知道他为什么没有被北京大学录取吗？4The government gave the order that all these houses (should) be pulled down in three weeks.政府下令三个星期内所有这些房子都要拆掉。5We have some doubt whether_Tom_ca
25、n_recover_from_the_latest_setback.我们怀疑Tom能否从最近的挫折中走出来。6I have no impression how_he_went_home,_perhaps by bike.我没有印象他是怎么回家的，也许是骑自行车。7She hasnt solved the problem which_university_she_should_choose.她还没有解决好选择哪所大学的问题。.短文改错Dear Linda，Hows everything going? I cant wait to tell you the good news what my pa
26、rents have finally agreed to take me from England this winter. Thatll be a wonderful chance for I to experience English culture. I had learned English for many years, but I have a few chances to experience real English. Could you offer me some advices on how to deal with everything there? Id appreci
27、ate very much if you could provide me with some necessarily information. Im sure your suggestions would make my trip easier and more enjoyable.Im looking forward to hear from you soon.Best wishes!Yours，Li Hua答案：第二句：whatthat; fromto第三句：Ime第四句：hadhave; 去掉a第五句：advicesadvice第六句：very前加it; necessarilynecessary第七句：wouldwill第八句：hearhearing