1、课题：定义：在转述他人的话、观点或看法时，常常使用转述结构，转述结构也叫间接引语。在转述别人的话时，需要注意以下几方面：一、句子结构的变化1) 如果转述的话是陈述句，转述结构 一般由转述动词+ (sb +) that从句构成。如：He said, “Ill give you an examination next Monday.” He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday. 此外类似的转述动词还有：repeat, admit, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce
2、, declare, think等，又如： 1)He explained to us that he was late because of the heavy traffic.2)The judge declared that they were innocent and should be set free right away. 2) 如果转述的话为一般疑问句，转述时要用连词whether或if引导。这样的转述动词主要有ask, wonder, inquire等。如：He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” He
3、asked (me) whether/ if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.3) 转述的话为祈使句时，转述时要用带to的不定式表达，这样的转述动词有：ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。如：“Never come here again!” said the officer nearby. The officer nearby ordered them never to go there again.4)当转述的话形式上是疑问句，有表示“请求，建议”意义时，可用ask sb to do sth
4、/suggest doing/advise sb to do sth 等形式转述。如： “Would you mind opening the door?” he asked. He asked me to open the door.“Why not going out for a walk?” he asked us. He advised us to go out for a walk. He suggested going out for a walk.二、 时态的变化1) 如果转述内容是以宾语从句的形式出现，则应注意正确使用宾语从句中的时态，注意保持从句和主语谓语动词在时态方面的一致
5、性。主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即转述部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），如：He told me that he would take two days off work.The boy admitted that he had made a mistake.2) 直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况:(1) 当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如： He always says, “I am tired out.” He always says that he is tired out.(2)当直接引语部分带有
6、具体的过去时间状语时，如： He said, “I went to college in 1994.” He told us that he went to college in 1994.(3) 当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如： Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.(4)当引语是谚语、格言时，如： He said, “Practice makes perfect.” He said that
7、practice makes perfect.(5) 当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better等时，如： The doctor said, “Youd better drink plenty of water.” The doctor said Id better drink plenty of water转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬。如果转述的时间没有发生多大的改变或所转述的内容是一个事实时，宾语从句中的谓语动词所用的时态不必改变。例如：(1) He says that he is leaving tomorrow. (2) Our
8、 teacher told us that the sports meet will take place next Monday.Match the sentences with appropriate reporting verbs from the list. Then write the reported sentences.admit, report ,forbid , ask, invite, order, suggest, threaten1) Well close credit lines if you dont reduce the amount of carbon diox
9、ide you produce.2) OK, you are right, some poisonous chemicals did escape into the atmosphere.3) Why dont you drop in tonight ahead your meeting?4) Stand up immediately.5) You cant use your dictionaries during the test.6) Shall we have pancakes with honey?7) Is the bus service running according to the timetable today?8) The fire ahs luckily caused no loss of life.