1、2015届高考英语二轮专题检测精品练习：阅读理解（26）APeople diet to look more attractive. Fish diet to avoid being beaten up, thrown out of their social group, and getting eaten as a result. That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists.The research team hav
2、e discovered that subordinate fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors. “In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals, a male and female, had breeding （繁殖） rights within the group,” explains Marian Wong. “All other group members are nonbreeding femal
3、es, each being 5-10% smaller than its next largest competitor. We wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation.”The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it causes a fight which usually
4、 ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the evicted fish is then eaten up.It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish. Whether they did so voluntarily, by restraining how much they ate, was not c
5、lear. The research team decided to do an experiment. They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened. To their surprise, the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered, clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights, over having a feast.The discovery chal
6、lenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group. Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves, so keeping their competitors small.While the habi
7、ts of gobies may seem a little mysterious, Dr. Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understanding how hierarchical （等级的） societies remain stable.The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to
8、 humans. “As yet, we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature,” the researchers comment. “Data on human dieting suggests that, while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness, rarely does it improve long-term health
9、and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females own ideal.”65. When a goby grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it .A. faces dangerB. has breeding rightsC. eats its competitorD. leaves the group itself66. The underlined words “the evicted fish” in Paragraph
10、 3 refer to .A. the fish beaten up B. the fish found outC. the fish fattened up D. the fish driven away67. The experiment showed that the smaller fish .A. fought over a feast B. went on diet willinglyC. preferred some extra foodD. challenged the boss fish68. What is the text mainly about?A. Fish die
11、ting and human dieting.B. Dieting and health.C. Human dieting.D. Fish dieting.B(2014届河北省高考模拟考试)Maybe you have heard the expressionWhen in Rome，do as the Romans do.So when you want to do business in France，you have to get to know French culture，to make marketing plans，and to run your business by loca
12、l laws._1_The French take great pride in their language，so anyone who does not speak it may run the risk of being disrespected by his French colleagues or business partners.Also，another reason why learning French is important is that it is a great way to show every possible French business partner t
13、hat you care and respect their countrys culture and language.The first thing that you should do when meeting someone new is to shake his hand firmly and always look the person in the eye.In social meetings with friends，kissing is common._2_The French will sometimes introduce themselves using their s
14、urname first，followed by their first name.Dress well._3_Your business clothing is a reflection of your success and social status.Always try to be tasteful and stylish.Women are advised to dress simply but elegantly.Wearing makeup is practised widely by businesswomen.The French are passionate about f
15、ood，so lunches are common in doing business in France，which usually consist of an appetizer，a main meal with wine，cheese，dessert and coffee，and normally take up to two hours._4_Do not begin eating until the host says “bon appetit”Pass dishes to the left，keep wrists above the table and try to eat eve
16、rything on the plate._5_This may suggest that you find the food tasteless.If eating in a restaurant，the person who invites always pays.AThe French draw information about people based on their appearance.BThis is a time for relationship building.CRemember to be as polite as possible.DLanguage should
17、be the focus of anyone planning to do business in France.EBe careful with adding salt，pepper or sauces to your food.FUse Monsieur or Madame before the surname.GMake an appointment with your business partner in advance.C Youre sitting on the train home and the person opposite you yawns(打哈欠). Suddenly
18、, youre yawning with him, though youre not tired. This phenomenon confused scientists for years until a recent study found that people tend to sympathize with fellow humans. Supporting this claim was the discovery that those children who were unable to form normal emotional ties with others did not
19、experience contagious(有感染力的) yawning, which showed that humans communicate regularly with out words. Hugo Critchley, a neuroscientist, has conducted an experiment recently, which will prove that happiness and sadness can spread like the common cold. According to Critechley, our mind and body are in
20、constant exchange about how were feeling. “Emotions are closely linked with states of internal(内部的) responses,” he explained. “ There are also more visible changes in our gestures and facial expression. When were in a group, these signals can spread to another person. For example, theres the obvious
21、 tendency to smile when smiled at and there are less obvious changes that reflect emotions of surprise, anger or sadness such as a change in our heart rate and blood pressure.Hugo Critchley further explained, “Our bodies synchronies and when we like the other person, we ever copy his behavior. Next
22、time you chat with a friend, take note fo how youre sitting its pretty likely that you will be the same. Scientists believe its our way of telling each other that were partners. Through body language, humans give each other very subtle(微妙的) but clear signals that show emotions.”So, what lessons can
23、we learn from this? “ Spend time with happy people otherwise your health could suffer,” said Critchley.” When were sad, our body goes into fight or flight mode. But when were happy, our body works normally and we feel relaxed and positive. So we look bright, our skin glows, we feel healthy and it af
24、fects everyone around us.”65. According to Hugo Critchley, _. A. emotions are as visible as facial expressions B. we yawn more frequently when we have a cold C. emotions are connected with states of internal responses D. the change of blood pressure is not linked with the change of emotions.66. The
25、underlined word “synchronies” in Paragraph 4 means “_”. A. move slowly B. change rapidly C. relax temporarily D. respond accordingly 67. From the passage we can learn _. A. sadness is as contagious as happiness B. anger is less contagious than friendliness C. surprise is more contagious than smile D
26、. surprise is the most contagious among emotions68. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Emotions have delicate influence on fellow humans. B. Children like copying the actions of fellow humans. D. People tend to communicate more with body language.D The elephant wa
27、s lying heavily on its side, fast asleep. A few dogs started barking at it. The elephant woke up in a terrible anger: it chased the dogs into the village where they ran for safety. That didnt stop the elephant. It destroyed a dozen houses and injured several people. The villagers were scared and ang
28、ry. Then someone suggested calling Parbati, the elephant princess. Parbati Baruas father was a hunter of tigers and an elephant tamer. He taught Parbati to ride an elephant before she could even walk. He also taught her the dangerous art of the elephant round-up - how to catch wild elephants. Parbat
29、i hasnt always lived in the jungle. After a happy childhood hunting with her father, she was sent to boarding school in the city. But Parbati never got used to being there and many years later she went back to her old fife. Life in the city is too dull. Catching elephants is an adventure and the exc
30、itement lasts for days after the chase, she says. But Parbati doesnt catch elephants just for fun. My work, she says, is to rescue man from the elephants, and to keep the elephants safe from man. And this is exactly what Parbati has been doing for many years. Increasingly, the Indian elephant is ang
31、ry: for many years, illegal hunters have attacked it and its home in the jungle has been reduced to small pieces of land. It is now fighting back. Whenever wild elephants enter a tea garden or a village, Parbati is called toguide the animals back to the jungle before they can kill. The work of an el
32、ephant tamer also involves love and devotion. A good elephant tamer will spend hours a day singing love songs to a newly captured elephant. Eventually they grow to love their tamers and never forget them. They are also more loyal than humans, she said, as she climbed up one of her elephants and sat
33、on the giant, happy animal. An elephant princess indeed!65. For Parbati, catching elephants is mainly to . A. get long lasting excitement B. keep both man and elephants safe C. send them back to the jungle D. make the angry elephants tame66. Before Parbati studied in a boarding school, . A. she spen
34、t her time hunting with her father B. she learned how to sing love songs C. she had already been called an elephant princess D. she was taught how to hunt tigers67. Indian elephants are getting increasingly angry and they revenge because _. A. they are caught and sent for heavy work B. illegal hunte
35、rs capture them and kill them C. they are attacked and their land gets limited D. dogs often bark at them and chase them68. The passage starts with an elephant story in order to explain that in India _. A. people easily fall victim to elephants attacks B. the man-elephant relationship is getting wor
36、se C. elephant tamers are in short supply D. dogs are as powerful as elephantsA 65【答案】A【解析】细节推断题。从第二段each being 5-10% smaller than its next largest competitor.可以判断出小于5 - 10%的未来最大的竞争对手。66【答案】D【解析】词义判断题。由上句it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More
37、often than not，可以推断出D的答案。67【答案】B【解析】细节判断题。从第三段最后一句话中可知道，拒绝供给他们额外的食物，而保持小,避免战斗。故选B。68【答案】D【解析】主题概括题。从文章中的一段和最后一段：研究已经证明了这一事实,节食是自愿的习惯远非人类。”B 1D2.F3.A4.B5.EC 65-68 CDBA D 65. B. 本题为归纳概括题。通读全文可知Parbati主要是为了保障大象与人之间的安全而驯象的。66. A. 通读文章后可知她从小与父亲一起在丛林中度过了她的童年，之后才去寄宿学校的。67. C. 可从文章第四段直接得出答案。68. B. 逻辑推理题。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
