1、Unit 3Section .阅读理解A(2018浙江卷，B篇)Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks.His strange habit makes sense when you consider that hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter，including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.What is even more interesting is
2、that one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台)The bags are prohibited in some
3、90 cities in California，including Los Angeles.Eyeing these_headwinds，plastic bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.Among the bag makers arguments：many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase pape
4、r bags，which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport.And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at，they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement：reusable shopping b
5、ags.The stronger a reusable bag is，the longer its life and the more plasticbag use it cancels out.However，longerlasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.Environmentalists dont di
6、spute(质疑)these points.They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主题是“人与自然”，人与自然如何和谐相处？一个小小塑料购物袋的使用就体现了人与自然的相处之道。塑料购物袋产生“白色垃圾”，在美国加利福尼亚洲约有90个城市禁止使用塑料购物袋；塑料购物袋制造商想出了对策用可以重复利用的购物袋，虽然这种购物袋的制作和运输成本高；环保专家认为塑料袋和纸袋都不要用。1What has St
7、even Stein been hired to do？_D_AHelp increase grocery sales.BRecycle the waste material.CStop things falling off trucks.DArgue for the use of plastic bags.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“.are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.”
8、可知，塑料购物袋制造商雇用像Stein这样的科学家来说明他们的产品并不像大多数人认为的那样对地球有那么大的坏处，所以D项“据理支持使用塑料袋”正确。2What does the word “headwinds” in paragraph 2 refer to？_A_ABans on plastic bags.BEffects of city development.CHeadaches caused by garbage.DPlastic bags hung in trees.解析：词义猜测题。画线单词所在句意为“看到这种逆风，塑料购物袋制造商雇用像Stein这样的科学家来说明他们的产品不像大
9、多数人认为的那样对地球有那么大的坏处”。联系上一句“The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in.”可知，A项“禁止使用塑料袋”为正确选项。3What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plasticbag makers？_D_AThey are quite expensive.BReplacing them can be difficult.CThey are less strong than plastic bags.DProducing them requires more ener
10、gy.解析：细节理解题。根据题干信息“可重复使用的购物袋的缺点”可定位到文章第四段倒数第二句“.longerlasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.”，这种长期可重复使用的购物袋的制作需要更多的能源，故选D项。4What is the best title for the text？_A_APlastic，Paper or NeitherBIndustry，Pollution and EnvironmentCRecycle or Throw AwayDGarbage Collection and Waste Control
11、解析：主旨大意题。本文主要叙述了三方面的内容：塑料购物袋产生“白色垃圾”；塑料购物袋制造商想出了对策用可重复使用的购物袋；环保专家希望塑料袋和纸袋都不用。故A项“塑料袋、纸袋或者两者都不用”可作为文章的最佳标题。B“Food in France is still primarily about pleasure，” says Mark Singer, technical director of cuisine at Le Cordon Bleu in Paris.“Cooking and eating are both pastimes(消遣) and pleasure.” The Frenc
12、h might start their day with bread, butter, jam, and perhaps something hot to drinkits a time of the day when the whole family can be united.Singer, born in Philadelphia, has lived in France for more than 40 years.“Although things have changed greatly in the past 20 years when it comes to food in th
13、e country，”he says, “and what was a big affair with eating has been slowly softened up, there are still events in the year, like birthdays and New Years Eve and Christmas Eve that are still really anchored in traditional food and cooking.But its not every day.”Some people think French food life may
14、be a performance，adds Jennifer Berg, director of graduate food studies at New York University.“They want to believe that France is this nation where people are spending five hours a day going to 12 different markets to get their food.The reality is most croissants(羊角面包) are factorymade, and most peo
15、ple are buying convenience food, except for the very small group of people in high society.But part of our identity relies on believing that myth.”In Italy, as in France, takeout is still relatively rare.“Eating fast is not at all part of our culture，”says Marco Bolasco，editorial director of Slow Fo
16、od and an Italian food expert.Our meals are relaxed, even during a lunch break.Food in Italy is love, and nutrition, and pleasure, he says.An Italian childs first experience with food is not small round cakes or rice or eggs, but probably ice cream, notes Bolasco.Status and wealth play less of a rol
17、e in food.文章大意：本文为说明文，涉及饮食话题。作者通过专家的话语来说明法国人和意大利人对于食物是一种享受生活的态度。5How have things about French food changed？_C_APeople prefer to cook at home.BMore people choose to eat out.CTraditional food is less frequently cooked.DPeople eat faster than before.解析：考查推理判断。根据第二段的内容可知，法国传统美食受冲击，人们只是偶尔在重大节日中才去享用传统美食，并
18、不是每一天，故选择C。6What does the underlined word “performance” in Paragraph 3 refer to？_A_AA bother.BA play.CA hobby. DA routine.解析：考查词义猜测。由后文中的“people are spending five hours a day going to 12 different markets to get their food”可知，此处应是指部分人认为法国传统烹饪比较烦琐。故此处performance指“麻烦”。故选A。7Why is Italian food compared
19、 with French food in the last paragraph？_D_ATo show the advantages of Italian food.BTo prove the differences between them.CTo reflect the customs of Italian food.DTo indicate the common points of the two.解析：考查推理判断。由本段中的“In Italy, as in France”，再结合第一段中的“Food in France is still primarily about pleasur
20、e”和最后一段中的“Food in Italy is love, and nutrition, and pleasure”可知，作者比较这两种食物的目的是找出二者的共同点，阐明主旨，故选D。8Whats the main idea of the passage？_B_AFood as identity. BFood as pleasure.CFood as survival. DFood as status.解析：考查主旨要义。由文中的“Food in France is still primarily about pleasure”， “Cooking and eating are both
21、 pastimes(消遣) and pleasure”以及“Food in Italy is love, and nutrition, and pleasure”可知答案。.七选五根据短文内容， 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A personal development plan is a way to set goals, gain insight into yourself and your skills, and determine a career or life change.When you are trying to decide where
22、 to steer(引导) your life, it can be tough to gather the motivation and think positively._1.E_Think of the areas about which you receive complaints or praise._2.G_ An example of praise might be your boss telling you that you are good at time management._3.D_ What do you enjoy doing? And what have you
23、done well? On the other side, consider the things that you have not done well or have not enjoyed.Write down the final objective for each focus area.Be specific and ambitious._4.B_ For example, if one focus involves improving your public speaking skills, an action might be to give a 15minute speech
24、in public.Create a timeline._5.C_ When setting the deadlines, be ambitious but also consider the time that you have available.AStart with one to three focus areas.BIn addition, include an initial action for each item.CSet a deadline for your shortterm and longterm goals.DAsk yourself about the areas
25、 in which you have been successful.EThen mapping out a plan, with actual steps and timelines, will be beneficial.FIf you focus on too many areas at a time, you wont be likely to meet the goals.GFor example, have you received ill remarks from someone about not being a good listener?文章大意：本文是说明文，介绍了如何制
26、订个人发展计划。解析：1根据上文中的“When you are trying to decide where to steer(引导) your life, it can be tough to gather the motivation and think positively”可知，空处应是提出的具体的做法，故E项“那么制订一个有具体的步骤和时间表的计划会是很有益的”符合语境。2G项中的“received ill remarks”和空前的“receive complaints”相对应，故G项符合语境。3由空处后面的两个问题可知D项“问问你自己在哪些领域取得过成功”符合语境。4根据空前的内容
27、可知，此处和“Be specific and ambitious”都是对段落主旨句“Write down the final objective for each focus area”的说明，而且选项B中的“action”与空后的“action”相呼应，故B项符合语境。5根据主旨句“Create a timeline”和空后的“When setting the deadlines”可知，此处的内容有关“设定最后期限”，故C项符合语境。.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。How many of you drink CocaCola? Nearly e
28、verybody.Did you know that cola started out not as a soft drink, but as _1.a_ cure for headaches back in the late 1800s?John SPaberton, a doctor from Atlanta, had experimented for many months _2.to_find_(find) a cure for the common headache.He worked at his home mixing and heating oils with other ma
29、terials until he found one mixture that seemed to have good effects _3.on_ headaches.He began to sell the mixture in _4.drugstores_(drugstore)The customers had to mix it with water before drinking.Then, how did cola change from a drug to a soft drink? That _5.came_(come) about quite by accident.One
30、day a patient _6.who/that_ was suffering from a headache came into a drugstore.He asked for a bottle of cola.He wanted to take it right away, so he asked the clerk to mix the medicine while he waited.It so happened there was no _7.boiled_(boil) water at the store.The clerk suggested _8.mixing_(mix)
31、the drug with soda water.The customer agreed.After drinking it, the customer said it tasted _9.amazing_(amaze)The clerk continued offering the mixture, and cola _10.gradually_(gradual) became popular.1解析：泛指“一种疗法”，应用不定冠词。2解析：“实验多个月”的目的是“找到治疗普通头疼的疗法”，故用不定式，作目的状语。3解析：have effects on.“对有影响”，是固定用法。4解析：此处泛指“药店”，可数名词drugstore应用复数形式。5解析：that指代前面提到的“可乐从一种药成为一种饮料”这件事，它的发生是在过去，故用一般过去时。6解析：所填词引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语，指人，故用who或that。7解析：表示“开水”，应用boiled，过去分词作定语。8解析：suggest“建议”，后接动名词作宾语。suggest doing sth.“建议做某事”。9解析：taste是系动词，后接形容词作表语；表示“令人惊诧的”，应用amazing。10解析：修饰谓语动词became，作状语，应用副词。