1、任务型阅读专练4篇Passage 1(2018江苏)How Arts Promote Our EconomyWhen most people think of the arts, they imagine the end product, the beautiful painting, a wonderful piece of music, or an award-winning performance in the theater. But arts groups bring broader value to our communities. The economic impact of t
2、he arts is often overlooked and badly judged.The arts create jobs that help develop the economy. Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists, technical experts, managers, musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art. These people earn a living wage for their professional know
3、ledge and skills.Another group of folks is needed to help market the event.“If you build it they will come”is a misleading belief. Painters, digital media experts, photographers, booking agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and promote the event. According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advoc
4、acy Coalition, arts agencies employ more than 10,000 people as full-or part-time employees or independent contractors.A successful arts neighborhood creates a ripple effect(连锁反应) throughout a community. In 2005, when the Bishop Arts Theatre was donated to our town, the location was considered a poor
5、 area of town. After investing more than $1 million in reconstructing the building, we began producing a full season of theater performances, jazz concerts, and year-round arts education programs in 2008. Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the Dallas city limits and drive or fly in to
6、enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.No doubt the theater has contributed to the areas development and economic growth. Today, there are galleries, studios, restaurants and newly built work spaces where neighbors share experiences, where there is renewed life and energy. In this way, arts an
7、d culture also serve as a public good.TeCo Theatrical Productions Inc. made use of Bloombergs investment of $35,000 to get nearly $400,000 in public and private sector support during the two-year period. Further, Dallas arts and arts-based businesses produce$298 for every dollar the city spends on a
8、rts programming and facilities. In Philadelphia, a metro area smaller than Dallas, the arts have an economic impact of almost $3 billion and support 44,000 jobs, 80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants, marketers, construction workers, hotel managers, printe
9、rs, and other kinds of art workers.The arts are efficient economic drivers and when they are supported, the entire small-business community benefits.It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot make a profit. But in order to stay in business, arts groups must produce returns. If you are a student studyi
10、ng the arts, chances are you have been ill-advised to have a plan B. But those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create a wide range of career possibilities.Arts as an economic driverOur communities(1)from arts in terms of economy.(2)of arts promoting o
11、ur economyArts activity demands a(n) (3)effort. It involves creation, performance, and(4).Artists make a living through their creative work.Others get paid by marketing the event.Arts have a gradually spreading(5). They could help promote other industries whether they lie inside or outside arts.Besi
12、des tickets, some jazz lovers will pay their(6)to and from the events.Arts contribute to cultural development when people gather together to share their experience and renew their energy.Investment in arts could produce potential (7)economic results.TeCo used a $35,000 art investment to attract an o
13、verall support of $400,000.In Dallas, one dollar invested in arts could harvest an extraordinary return of nearly $300.In Philadelphia the arts have created about 35,000 job opportunities for workers (8)arts industry.Art students makinga good livingWith these (9)in mind, art students need not worry
14、about their career and have a(n) (10)plan.答案语篇解读本文为说明文。文章向读者解释了艺术是如何推动社会经济发展的。1.benefit根据第一段最后两句话But arts groups bring broader value to our communities. The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged. 可知,整个社会在经济层面上从艺术中获益很多,但这又被严重忽视,空格处后出现了from,因此填写benefit,组成benefit from这个短语,表示“
15、受益于,得益于”。2.Ways文章的第二至第六段从不同的角度阐述了艺术是如何推动经济发展的,体现的是不同的方式,因此用way的复数形式,根据左栏上下框形式可知,需大写首字母。3.joint/collective根据第二段的第二句Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists, technical experts, managers, musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art.可知,为了创建有吸引力的艺术,任何特定的演出都需要不同专业的人员参与,需要的是集体的努
16、力,故填joint或collective。4.promotion/marketing第二段指出任何演出都需要不同专业的人员参与,第三段接着指出除了与演出有关的专业人员以外,还需要市场营销人员等一并帮助达成最终演出的成功,因此填写promotion“广告宣传”或者marketing“营销”。5.effect根据第四段的第一句A successful arts neighborhood creates a ripple effect throughout a community.可知设空处应填写effect。6.fares根据第四段最后一句Nearly 40 percent of jazz lov
17、ers live outside of the Dallas city limits and drive or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.可知,不住在达拉斯市的爵士乐爱好者要想来听音乐会就得在来往途中花钱,因此空格处填写fare,由于费用不止一项,因此用复数形式。7.positive第六段通过几个例子来突出在艺术上进行的投资不仅对艺术本身有益,同时也在相关的社会经济方面取得了积极的效果,因此本空填写positive。8.outside/beyond从第六段最后一句In Philadelphia, a metro
18、 area smaller than Dallas, the arts have an economic impact of almost $3 billion and support 44,000 jobs, 80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants, marketers, construction workers, hotel managers, printers, and other kinds of art workers.可以看出,对艺术进行投资之后,会产生很多工
19、作岗位,这些岗位中有80%是艺术以外的行业,从including后的举例中也能看出,因此空格处填写outside或beyond。9.statistics/data/analyses根据文章最后一段的第一句It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot make a profit.可知,艺术团体是可以创造利润的,上文也多次用数据进行了证明,所以学艺术的学生在知道了这些数据之后没有必要担心他们的事业,故空格处填写statistics、data或者analyses。10.alternative文章最后一段第三句提到plan B,指的是备用方案,因此空格处填写alte
20、rnative“可供替代的”。Passage 2(2017江苏)Population ChangeWhy is the worlds population growing?The answer is not what you might think. The reason for the explosion is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits, but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies. In 1900, people died at the average
21、 age of 30. By 2000 the average age was 65. But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century, declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays. Furthermore,
22、 around 50% of the worlds population live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level(i.e.2.1 births per woman)and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate. You might think that developing nations would make up the loss(especially since 80% of the w
23、orlds people now live in such nations), but youd be wrong. Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China, for instance. What do
24、es it imply?First, China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits the country. Second, if other factors such as technology remain constant, economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble.Russia is anot
25、her country with population problems that could break its economic promise. Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%.Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than t
26、hose in 1961. Why is this occurring?Nobody is quite sure, but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it. If current trends dont bend, Russias population will be about the size of Yemens by the year 2050.In the north of India, the population is booming due to high birth rat
27、es, but in the south, where most economic development is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly. In a further twist, birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas. In total, 25% of Indias working-age population has no education. In 2030, a sixth
28、of the countrys potential work force could be totally uneducated.One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration. As for the USA, it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 20102030. Moreover, the USA has a track record
29、 of successfully accepting immigrants. As a result its likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term.Population Change答案语篇解读本文为说明文,题材是社会科学类。作者论述了世界人口增长的原因以及低出生率对国家经济的影响。1.lower根据第一段最后一句以及第二段第一句可知,21世纪的出生率低于(lower than)20世纪。2
30、.size/scale根据第二段第二句中的and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate可知,几乎所有的发达国家都面临人口出生率低的问题。故此处指发达国家很难维持人口规模(the size/scale of population)。3.immediate根据第二段最后一句可知,在许多发展中国家,出生率下降是一个主要问题,这可能在几十年内造成全球灾难性的劳动力短缺问题。故此处指发展中国家出生率下降影响可能不是立即就能表现出来的,但却是灾难性的。关键信息:within a few decade
31、s。4.economic文章从第三段开始,举例分析了发展中国家出生率与经济发展的关系。故此处副标题应为“人口与经济压力”。5.old/older根据第三段第一句可知,中国很可能面临年轻劳动力人数的下降问题。故此处指为了保证经济发展,中国需要恰当解决人口问题,因为它的劳动力日趋老龄化。关键信息:A great decline in young work force。6.earlier根据第四段第三句可知,官方数据表明,自从1993年以来,俄罗斯人口已经缩减了5%,相比1961年,现在的俄罗斯人更为短寿。故此处指俄罗斯人的早逝(the earlier death of Russians)可能导致人
32、口缩减,这会使国家未来的经济受损。7.living/life根据第四段倒数第二句可知,死亡人数增多有可能与俄罗斯人不良的饮食习惯和长期酗酒有关。故此处应指改变人们的生活方式(change peoples way of living/life)。 8.equality根据第五段的后两句可知,在印度,处于工作年龄段的人中有25%没有接受过教育,到2030年,可能有六分之一的潜在劳动力完全没有接受过教育。故此处应指不考虑出生率的问题,印度如果能实现教育机会的平等(equality of educational opportunity),这个国家的经济才有可能腾飞。9.immigration根据最后一
33、段的前三句话可知,此处指美国将通过移民提高人口数量。pensate根据全文最后一句中的see a rise in the size of its working-age population可知,外来劳动力的输入可以使美国劳动人口得以增长。compensate for表示“弥补”。Passage 3(2016江苏)An Extension of the Human BrainOther people can help us compensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies (欠缺), much as a wooden leg can co
34、mpensate for a physical deficiency. To be exact, other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions. When another person helps us in such ways, he or she is participating in what Ive called a “social prosthetic (义肢的) system”. Such systems do not need to operate f
35、ace-to-face, and its clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems. Its already a big bank of many minds. Even in its current state, the Internet has extended my memory and judgment.Regarding memory:Once I look up something on the Internet, I dont need to k
36、eep all the details for future useI know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so. More generally, the Internet functions as if it were my memory. This function of the Internet is particularly striking when Im writing;Im no longer comfortable writing if Im not connected
37、to the Internet. Its become natural to check facts as I write, taking a minute or two to dip into PubMed,Wikipedia, or other websites.Regarding judgment:The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large. For example, when Im writing a textbook, it has become second nature to check a dozen
38、definitions of a key term, which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning. But more than that, I now regularly compare my views with those of many others. If I have a “new idea”, I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it, or something similarand I then co
39、mpare what I think with what others have thought. This certainly makes my own views clearer. Moreover, I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet. These effects of the Internet have become even more striking since Ive begun
40、using a smartphone. I now regularly pull out my phone to check a fact, watch a video, read weibo. Such activities fill the spaces that used to be dead time (such as waiting for somebody to arrive for a lunch meeting).But thats the upside (好处). The downside is that in those dead periods I often would
41、 let my thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea. Those opportunities are now fewer and farther between.An Extension of the Human BrainA prosthetic natureThe 1can help make up for our mental and emotional deficiencies as a wooden leg can compensate for a bodily deficiency
42、.It 2in our daily events, extending our intelligence, comprehending our feelings, and expanding the range of social activities.Wonderful aspects:memory and judgmentOn the Internet, we could quickly and easily locate the details, and check facts, without 3them in mind.The Internet makes us smarter ov
43、er 4kinds of things. It provides a dozen definitions of a key term for us to find the 5of the matter.The Internet enables us to exchange ideas with many others to6our claims, and to 7our actions.The 8sidesof smartphonesSmartphones make it easier and more 9to check reality, watch video clips, read we
44、ibo.Smartphones 10the possibility for new and insightful minds, and steal away our dead time.答案语篇解读他人的帮助像义肢一样可以弥补我们在智力和情感上的缺陷。在作者看来网络扩大了他的“社会义肢体系”,成为他记忆与判断的延伸。智能手机使得网络的“义肢”功能更加强大,但同时也带来了一定的不良影响。1.Internet根据第一段倒数第三句.that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems.可知,网络正在扩
45、大我自己的社会义肢体系范围,即网络能够帮助我们弥补智力和情感上的缺陷,故填Internet。2.participates/joins根据第一段第三句When another person helps us in such ways, he or she is participating in what Ive called a “social prosthetic (义肢的) system”.可知,当另一个人以这种方式帮助我们时,他/她正在参与作者所谓的“社会义肢体系”,而网络作为我们的“社会义肢体系”的一部分,也参与到我们的日常生活当中,故填participates/joins。3.keep
46、ing根据第二段第一句Once I look up something on the Internet, I dont need to keep all the details for future useI know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so.可知,当作者上网查信息时,作者不需要记住所有的细节来备用,without为介词,后接动名词,故填keeping。4.all/different/various根据第三段第一句The Internet has made me smarter
47、in matters small and large.可知,网络让我们在各种/不同的事情上变得聪明,故填all/different/various。5.heart/core根据第三段第二句的when Im writing a textbook, it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term, which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning可知,当作者写书时,会本能地在网络上查询关键词的定义,以便帮助自己找到问题的核心、关键,故填
48、heart/core。6.check根据第三段内容可知,作者写作时会上网查询自己的想法是否已经有人想到了,并将自己的观点与他人的进行对比,由此推出网络让我们交流思想,以便核实自己的想法,故填check。7.judge根据第三段的Regarding judgment可知,本段的主旨是判断,由第三段最后一句Moreover, I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet.可知,网络可以帮助我们判断自身的行为是
49、否合理,故填judge。8.mixed/two根据最后两段可知,智能手机的作用是两方面的,有好处(upside),也有坏处(downside),故填mixed/two。9.convenient根据第四段可知,人们利用智能手机能够更加方便地核实资料,看视频,刷微博,故填convenient。10.reduce根据最后一段可知,智能手机减小了我们创新想法的可能性,故填reduce。Passage 4 (2015江苏)People select news in expectation of a reward.This reward may be either of two kinds.One is
50、related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle,the other to what he calls the Reality Principle.For want of better names,we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.In general,the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption
51、,accidents and disasters,sports,social events,and human interest.Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs,economic matters,social problems,science,education,and health.News of the first kind pays its rewards at once.A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dange
52、rs or stresses involved.He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder,shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane,identify himself with the winning team,laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.News of the second kind,however,pays its rewards later.It sometimes requires
53、 the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyanceas,for example,when he reads of the threatening foreign situation,the mounting national debt,rising taxes,falling market,scarce housing,and cancer.It has a kind of “threat value”.It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared.When a read
54、er selects delayed reward news,he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work.When he selects news of the other kind,he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.For any individual,of course,the boundaries o
55、f these two classes are not stable.For example,a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem,rather than for its immediate reward.A coach may read a sports story for its threat value:he may have to play that team next week.A politician may read an account of his latest successful public m
56、eeting,not for its delayed reward,but very much as his wife reads an account of a party.In any given story of corruption or disaster,a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience,but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness.Therefore,while the di
57、vision of categories holds in general,an individuals tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another,or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.What news stories do you read?Division of news storiesPeople expect to get1from reading news.News stories are roughly divi
58、ded into two classes.Some news will excite their readers instantly while others wont.2ofthe two classesNews of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual3.Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and4similar
59、feelings with those involved.News of delayed reward will make readers suffer,or present a 5to them.News of delayed reward will induce the reader to6for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to 7from the reality.Unstable boundaries of the two classesWhat readers expect from
60、news stories are largely shaped by their8.Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and9themselves to the reality.Thus,the division,on the whole,10on the reader.答案语篇解读本文为说明文,题材为社会生活类。介绍了人们选择新闻故事时的两个原则:娱乐原则和现实原则。1.rewards/rewarded根据第一段第一句People select news in expect
61、ation of a reward.可知,人们选择性地看新闻是期盼有所收获的。空格处可用名词reward的复数形式,或用动词reward的过去分词rewarded与get构成被动结构。2.Explanations根据第二、三、四段可知,此处是解释immediate reward和delayed reward。右栏有多个解释,应用explanation的复数形式,并根据左栏上下框形式,需大写首字母。3.involvement根据第三段第二句A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresse
62、s involved.可知,读者可间接地体验这个新闻,但又不会有任何危险和紧张。介词without后应用involve的名词形式involvement。4.share根据第三段第三句He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder,shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane,identify himself with the winning team,laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.可知,读者可以与新
63、闻中叙述的事情产生共鸣,再结合空格后的with可知,应填share,构成share sth. with sb.结构。5.threat根据第四段第三句It has a kind of “threat value”.可知,第二类新闻会给人一种威胁感。不定冠词后应用名词threat,表示对某人的威胁。6.prepare根据第四段第四句It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared.可知,读这样的新闻读者会对现实社会做好心理准备。原文中用了被动结构be prepared,由于题干主语发生了变化应改为主动形式prepare。7.wit
64、hdraw根据第四段最后一句When he selects news of the other kind,he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.可知,如果读者选择immediate reward的新闻,那么他通常会从具有威胁性的现实社会回到梦想中的社会。8.profession(s)/intention根据第五段所举的例子可以推断,读者阅读和理解新闻故事的角度很大程度上取决于读者本身所从事的职业(profession)或者他们读新闻的意图(intention)。这个答案
65、需要概括出来。9.adapt根据第五段第五句In any given story of corruption or disaster,a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience,but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness. 可知,新闻不仅可以给读者提供间接体验,而且能给他们带来信息以及对现实的准备。此处用了adapt sb. to sth.的结构,adapt themselves to the reality使他们自己适应现实。10.depends根据最后一段最后一句Therefore,while the division of categories holds in general,an individuals tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another,or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.可知,分类取决于读者。句子主语division是单数,谓语应用depends。