1、Unit 4Period 3. 阅读理解ABefore the print was brought to England in 1476, everything was written by hand. The few people who knew how to write were trained in schools set up by the church. Those who made a living by writing for other people were called scribes. The work of scribes was not easy. Much of
2、it had to be done fast in order to meet the needs of the King, the church and traders. Most of the writing was in Latin, but some of it was in English of the day. No one was quite sure how some English words should be spelled. One problem was that several letters were written with short vertical str
3、oke that all looked like each other. Among them were the letters “i”“u”“v”“m” and “n”. Thus, five straight lines in a row might stand for “uni” “nui” “uvi” or “mii”. As a result, reading was sometimes difficult, especially when the writing was done in a hurry. The scribes solved the problem in part,
4、 by changing the letter “u” to “o” when it came before “m” “n” or “v”. This is how sum and cum became to be written as some and come. At some point too, the scribes seemed to have decided that no English word should be ended by “u” or “v”. Thus, in time an “e” was added to such words as “live” “have
5、” “due” and “true”. It was added, but not pronounced. 【语篇概述】在印刷术传入欧洲之前, 英国历史上存在一类人以抄写为生的抄写员。本篇介绍了抄写员在历史上的角色与作用。1. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Everything has been written by hand in English since 1476. B. More than 500 years ago no one made a living by writing for other
6、 people. C. The church set up schools to train scribes before 1476. D. Scribes in England worked only for kings and traders. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The few people who knew how to write were trained in schools set up by the church. ”(少数知道怎么书写的人在由教堂建立的学校里接受训练。)得知正确答案为C。2. Sometimes people couldnt read
7、easily _. A. because there were too many “u” and “v” in some English wordsB. because most of the writing was in LatinC. when the writing was in EnglishD. when the writing was done hurriedly【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“As a result, reading was sometimes difficult, especially when the writing was done in a
8、hurry. ”(结果, 阅读有时很难, 尤其是当人们匆忙地写下东西时。)得知正确答案为D。in a hurry=hurriedly 急匆匆地, 匆忙地。3. The scribes changed “u” before “m” to “o” because _. A. the change helped them write fasterB. the change made reading easierC. um and om had the same pronunciationD. om was the right order【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句中的“reading
9、 was sometimes difficult” 以及第四段第一句“The scribes solved the problem in part, by changing the letter u to o when it came before mn or v”可以得出一个结论, 抄写员做出的这种改变解决了阅读困难的问题, 即让阅读变得更容易, 因此答案为B。4. It is believed that some scribes thought _. A. it important to add an “e” to every English wordB. the letter “e” a
10、t the end of any word shouldnt be pronouncedC. it natural to change the spelling of some Latin wordsD. an English word should be ended neither by “u” nor by “v”【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句中的the scribes seemed to have decided that no English word should be ended by “u” or“v”(抄写员似乎决定了这样一个事情:英语单词不应该以字母u或字母v结
11、尾)得出答案为D。BEnglish kids talk about Liverpools soccer team in a Paris pub. Some Parisians have even started to go to work in London. In the 19th century, Dickens compared the two great rival cities, London and Paris, in A Tale of Two Cities. These days, it might be A Tale of One City. As jobs grew lac
12、k at home over recent years, many Frenchmen moved across the Channel. With an undersea tunnel, they could travel between cities in three hours. Paris, rich in beauty, is more attractive. But you might get more fun in London until the pubs shut down. In fact, London and Paris, with their obvious new
13、similarities, are beyond the old descriptions. As the European Union gradually loosened controls, Londoners flocked into Paris to shop, eat and buy property. “Both cities have changed beyond recognition. ” said Larry, a writer and sometimes a Londoner. Like most people who know both well, he finds t
14、he two now fit together comfortably. “I first fell in love with Paris in the 1950s, and it is still a wonderful place, ” Collins said. “But if I had to choose, it would be London. Things are so much more ordered, and life is better. ” But certainly not cheaper. In fancy parts of London, rents can be
15、 twice those on Avenue Foch in Paris. Many young people are happy to be close enough so they dont have to choose. “I love Paris, my little neighborhood, but life is so structured, ” she said. “In London, you can be who you want. No one cares. ”【语篇概述】狄更斯的双城记, 让我们看到了伦敦和巴黎两个城市的动荡和故事, 那么现在这两个城市之间又上演着怎样的
16、故事呢?本文给出了答案。5. The best title for this passage is _. A. Londoners and ParisiansB. A Modern Tale of Two CitiesC. The Similarity of Two CitiesD. Fancy London and Fashionable Paris【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据第一段导入中的最后一句话“These days, it might be A Tale of One City. ”(如今, 这或许是关于一个城市的故事了。)以及下文对两个城市之间密切交流与关联的描述, 确定文章的主
17、旨为介绍两个城市现代的故事, 因此, 答案为B。6. We can infer from the text _. A. Paris and London have become perfect partnersB. London offers more funC. life in Paris is structuredD. Paris and London have become fierce competitors【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段“many Frenchmen moved across the Channel”(很多法国人去伦敦工作), 第三段 “Londoners fl
18、ocked into Paris to shop, eat and buy property. ”(伦敦人到巴黎去购物, 吃, 买房子)以及第四段“the two now fit together comfortably”(两个城市舒适地融合在了一起) 可以推断出两个城市现在是密切的伙伴关系。故答案为A。7. The underlined word “flocked” probably means _. A. came in large numbersB. flew a long wayC. rushed hurriedlyD. drove long distances【解析】选A。词义猜测题
19、。根据上下文, 两个城市的交流越来越多, 随着欧盟逐渐放宽限制, 越来越多的伦敦人到巴黎去。故答案为A。8. Living in Paris, you may find _. A. life is betterB. things are cheaperC. more attractive peopleD. a job easily【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句话“In fancy parts of London, rents can be twice those on Avenue Foch in Paris. ”(在伦敦较好的地段, 租金是巴黎的弗什大道的两倍。)可以看出, 伦
20、敦的消费比巴黎的高, 反之, 巴黎的消费比伦敦低, 因此答案为B。. 完形填空A young girl is smiling at me from a picture frame on my desk as I write this. She is my child I 1 sponsored from the Philippines. Even though I have never met her in person, she has found a special place in my heart. It doesnt 2 me much to help her, about a do
21、llar a day. 3, millions of people in this world live on less. The 4 that helping her gives me, however, is beyond 5. It connects me to her, to life, and to love. I can still 6 the first time that I decided to help a child overseas. It was many years ago. I was only a teenager myself and had a little
22、 extra 7 each month. I didnt feel like buying anything, though. We had 8 everything we had in a house fire a few years before. 9 that had taught me a lot. I had learned that I didnt need a lot of “stuff” to be happy. I had also read a lot about the 10 of children in poor countries around the world.
23、It seemed like a far better thing then to give what I could to help them. With my moms love and 11, I soon found a few organizations like Children International that were 12 others around the world. It felt so good being able to reach out and help another 13. It felt so good being able to make even
24、one life better. I could feel the compassion and 14 growing within me and beginning to change me. Empathy (同情) does change us. It helps us to love, to be kind, and to make this world a 15 place. 【语篇概述】本文作者通过讲述自己资助外国小孩儿的故事, 说明了这样一个道理:同情心帮助我们去爱别人, 让我们变得更加善良, 同时也会让这个世界变得更加美好。1. A. even B. onceC. stillD
25、. seldom【解析】选B。在我写这篇文章的时候, 我桌上相框中的小女孩正朝着我微笑。她正是我曾经资助过的来自菲律宾的小孩。even 甚至, once 曾经, still 仍然, seldom很少。2. A. matterB. wasteC. costD. save【解析】选C。根据下文“about a dollar a day”可知我资助小女孩, 每天大约一美元, 花费的并不多。matter 有关系, waste 浪费, cost 花费, save节省。3. A. ThereforeB. BesidesC. OtherwiseD. However【解析】选D。但是世界上还有成千上万的人每天
26、花费不到一美元。根据句意可知, 上下文是转折关系。Therefore因此, Besides 此外, Otherwise 否则, However然而。4. A. wealthB. anxietyC. challengeD. joy【解析】选D。我自愿帮助她, 帮助她给我带来了快乐。wealth 财富, anxiety 焦虑, challenge挑战, joy快乐。5. A. imaginationB. complaintC. priceD. reach【解析】选C。帮助她给我带来的快乐是无价的。beyond price无价的, 宝贵的。6. A. rememberB. doubtC. admit
27、D. realize【解析】选A。 我仍然记得我第一次决定帮助一个外国孩子的情形。remember 记得, doubt怀疑, admit 承认, realize意识到。7. A. moneyB. timeC. energyD. labor【解析】选A。根据语境可知, 很多年前, 我年少时, 每月会有一点额外的零花钱。money钱, time 时间, energy 精力, labor劳动。8. A. storedB. foundC. lostD. searched【解析】选C。几年前家里着火, 我们失去了一切。stored 储存, found 找到, lost 失去, searched寻找。9.
28、 A. Putting asideB. Taking on C. Paying forD. Going through【解析】选D。经历了那件事让我学会了很多。putting aside储备, taking on 呈现, paying for 为付钱, going through经历。10. A. educationB. sufferingC. taleD. anger【解析】选B。根据后文“children in poor countries around the world”可知, 我也了解到了世界上生活在贫穷国家中的孩子所遭遇的不幸。education 教育, suffering 受难,
29、 tale 故事, anger愤怒。11. A. courageB. beliefC. supportD. faith【解析】选C。在母亲的爱与支持下, 我很快找到了国际儿童组织等类似的一些组织。courage 勇气, belief 信仰, support支持, faith信念。12. A. treatingB. praisingC. honoringD. serving【解析】选D。前文提到:我通过捐赠来帮助他们。可知我找到的这些组织是为全世界人们服务的。treating对待, praising 赞美, honoring 尊敬, serving服务。13. A. in needB. in p
30、eaceC. in fearD. in silence【解析】选A。能够伸出援手帮助有需要的人, 让自己感觉很好。in need固定短语。14. A. reliefB. empathyC. easeD. guilty【解析】选B。我可以感受到自己的同情和怜悯之心正在慢慢改变着自己。relief 安慰, empathy同情, ease 舒适, guilty有罪的。15. A. biggerB. saferC. smallerD. better【解析】选D。同情心帮助我们去爱别人, 让我们变得更加善良, 同时也会让这个世界变得更加美好。. 语法填空There has been a recent t
31、rend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)1. as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 2. effects(effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was
32、trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 3. to process(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 4. are removed(remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 5. a resu
33、lt, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 6. worse(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 7. is(be) full of fat and salt; by 8. eating (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough f
34、at and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 9. careful (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 10. which is not good for the health. 【技法导练】1. 上下文对照, 捕捉关键词。解完形填空题时, 单独看一句话是找不到正确答案的, 需要阅读上下句或者若干句才能明白。所谓上下对照, 即在上文和下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词。因此, 在做题时要提高边读边在大脑中储存上下文信息的能力, 捕捉关键词。2. 结合生活, 利用常识解题。某些题的目的是考查学生的生活常识, 看看学生是否善于观察生活, 积累生活常识, 能否利用常识去做恰当的选择。