1、单元主题语境人与自然之地球与宇宙奥秘探索(2019高考全国卷)话题：检验学业的前沿阵地词数：283难度：Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts.The microorganisms (微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station，so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.How is NASA overcoming this very tiny b
2、ig problem？Its turning to a bunch of high school kids.But not just any kids.It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms，like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport，New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with N
3、ASA engineers.For the past two years，Gordons students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity，and they think theyre close to a solution (解决方案)“We dont give the students any breaks.They have to do it just like NASA engineers，”says Florence Gold，a project manager.“There are no tests，”
4、 Gordon says.“There is no graded homework.There almost are no grades，other thanAre you working towards your goal？Basically，its Ive got to produce this product and then，at the end of the year，present it to NASA.Engineers come and really do an inperson review，and .its not a very nice thing at times.It
5、s a hard business review of your product.”Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact (影响) on college admissions and practical life skills.“These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back.I dont teach.”And that annoying bacteria？Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA
6、engineers about the problem，readying a workable solution to test in space.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国一所中学与NASA合作的联合科研项目，解决国际空间站中的细菌问题。这类语篇对于启发与培养学生良好的思维品质有积极的引导作用。32What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?AThey are hard to get rid of.BThey lead to air pollution.CThey appear in d
7、ifferent forms.DThey damage the instruments.解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The microorganisms from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station，so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.”可知，来自我们身体的微生物在太空站的表面增长得很快，航天员每周得花很长时间清理它们，由此断定太空站里的细菌很难清除，故答案为A。答案：A33What is the p
8、urpose of the HUNCH program?ATo strengthen teacherstudent relationships.BTo sharpen students communication skills.CTo allow students to experience zero gravity.DTo link space technology with school education.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.”
9、可知，HUNCH项目的目的是把学校教育与航天技术联系在一起，故答案为D。答案：D34What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?ACheck their product.BGuide project designs.CAdjust work schedules.DGrade their homework.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的最后两句“Engineers come and really do an inperson review .Its a hard business review of your pro
10、duct.”可知，NASA工程师亲自检查那些高中学生的产品，故答案为A。答案：A35What is the best title for the text?ANASA：The Home of AstronautsBSpace：The Final Homework FrontierCNature：An Outdoor ClassroomDHUNCH：A College Admission Reform解析：标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了一个项目：把高中的教室教学与太空的研究联系起来，使学生们得到NASA工程师们的指导。因此在选标题时既要有太空，还要有学生，选项B将其完美地结合了起来，故答案为B。答案
11、：B一、语言能力熟词生义/ 词类活用1turn to 谈到，提到2break n. 休息3present vt. 交给4ready vt. 准备二、思维品质1阅读技巧浓缩主题，归纳标题标题形式：单词、短语或句子标题特点：位于文章之首，高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题，具有概括性、针对性和简洁性等三个突出特点。选择方法：在了解文章大意的基础上，仔细考虑内容与文章主题是否有密切联系；看选项内容对文章的概括性和覆盖面如何；要注意题目范围过大或过小。设错方式：概括不够(如上文第35题D项)；过度概括；以事实细节替代概括性强的大意(如上文第35题A、C两项)。2分析长难句并翻译句子It is depend
12、ing on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms，like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport，New York.分析It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms是主句，like是介词，后面接宾语the one，在the one后是一个省略了关系代词的定语从句。翻译这个问题取决于美国国家航空和航天局HUNCH中学的课堂，就像位于纽约费尔波特的费
13、尔波特中学的科学老师Gene Gordon和Donna Himmelberg领导的项目一样。三、文化素养思考：通过阅读这篇文章，你对地球与宇宙奥秘探索有何认识？自古以来，地球一直存在着许多未解之谜，正是这些神秘激励着我们不断为此努力探索、求知。认识地球、探索地球奥秘，一直是人们渴望和追求的目标。在探索求知的过程中，我们要有创新和实践能力，从而实现自我超越。授课提示：对应学生用书第89页NO.1单词在语境中应用，在拓展中记多01核心单词先识记请根据汉语提示完成下列词块1exist only in Africa只存在于非洲2theory and practice理论与实践3crash into a
14、 tree撞在树上4float down the river沿河漂流5multiply and divide乘法和除法6unlike her mother不像她母亲7lessen the risk of disease降低患病风险8a reaction to a question对问题的反应9a gentle man一个和蔼的人10a violent explosion 剧烈的爆炸11the harmful effects of alcohol 酒精的害处12give a pull at the rope拉一下绳子13be in a puzzle about sth.对某事迷惑不解14a ne
15、w system of teaching 一种新的教学体系再拓展请填入括号内单词的正确形式1I could feel the wind gently (gentle) blowing through my hair and it was a warm summer breeze.2Do you believe the existence of ghosts？Perhaps they only exist in the minds of some people.(exist)3Playing computer games will not only do harm to your physica
16、l health，but it is also harmful to your mental health.So there is no harm in advising you to give it up.(harm)4He often says that he doesnt believe in any religion but meanwhile he respects others religious freedom.(religion)5Since my younger brother is fond of biology，he is determined to become a b
17、iologist when he grows up.(biology)6As is known to us，everyone has his likes and dislikes.My little sister is fond of pop music.She is likely to become a famous pop singer in the future.(like)7Last night we had a discussion，which became more and more violent.Finally we reached an agreement that we w
18、ill never use violence whatever happens.(violent)8There was a puzzled look on the little girls face because a puzzling problem puzzled her.(puzzle)02阅读单词标注不认识的单词，回查单词表重新记忆astronomyweightlesslysolarbiologist carbon dissolveacid mammal dioxideextinct vapour atomNO.2短语在拼写中记牢，在联想中积累必会短语请根据汉语提示完成下列词块1now
19、 that 既然2lay eggs 下蛋3cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋4break out 突发；爆发5in ones turn 轮到某人6get the hang of English 掌握英语7give birth to one newborn 只产一仔8depend on him for help指望他帮忙9watch out for cars当心车辆10prevent the fire from spreading制止火蔓延11block the sun out遮住太阳12arrive in time及时到达词汇积累1各种“碰撞”聚焦crash v碰撞；坠落bump n& v撞
20、；碰撞(声)collide v碰撞；相撞 collision n撞击；碰撞run into撞上 knock into撞上2与“太空”有关的高频单词集锦astronomy n天文学 astronaut n宇航员gravity n万有引力 satellite n卫星orbit n轨道 spaceship n宇宙飞船universe n宇宙 launch vt.发射3“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多种表达prevent sb.from doing sth.stop sb.from doing sth.keep sb.from doing sth.prohibit sb.from doing sth.ba
21、n sb.from doing sth.forbid sb.from doing sth.NO.3句式在解读中学懂，在学写中学通请根据提示完成下列句子1makeitadj.to do，在该句式中，it是形式宾语This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。2“.倍数as形容词/副词原级as.”是倍数表达法之一，意为“是的多少倍”露西付出的是以前三倍的时间和精力，所以我相信她这次能成功。Lucy devoted three times as m
22、uch time and energy as she did before，so I believe she will succeed this time.3now that “既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句，有时that可以省略既然现在上的新课不那么难，你就不用担心功课了。Now that the new lessons given these days are not so difficult，you neednt worry about your lessons.4形容词短语作伴随状语长途旅行之后，我们三人回到了家，又饿又累。After the long journey，the thre
23、e of us went back home，hungry and tired.授课提示：对应学生用书第90页1harmful adj.有害的写作佳句 Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer，which is very harmful to their health.有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。归纳拓展 (1)be harmful to sb./sth.对某人/某物有害(2)对某人有害(3)做某事没有坏处。 实战演练基础练透单句语法填空The local government c
24、losed down some factories which had done a lot of harm to the environment.As we all know，a bad eating habit is harmful (harm) to ones health.Personally，there is no harm in making(make)an apology to him.能力提升一句多译众所周知，吃太多垃圾食品对我们的健康有害。What is known to us is that eating too much junk food is harmful to o
25、ur health.(harmful)It is known to us that eating too much junk food does harm to our health.(harm n)2exist vi.存在；生存写作佳句 They cant exist on the money hes earning.他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。归纳拓展 (1)exist onlive on靠为生There exist(s)/existed.某地有/存在(2)existence n存在；生存come into existence产生；成立；开始存在(3)existing adj.(仅用于
26、名词前)目前的，现存的 实战演练基础练透单句语法填空You cant imagine what difficulty they have existing (exist) on the money he is earning.Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence (exist)The parking place for bikes was an existing (exist) problem for a long time in our school.能力提升翻译句子目前有
27、一个解决现存问题的好办法。(2020高考上海卷)There exists a good way to solve the existing problem at present.实战贴士 exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。3puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难；(使)困惑n.谜；难题文化金句 You will be puzzled about their meanings if you dont learn about the background of these Tang poems.如果你不了解这些唐诗的写作背景，你可能会对它们的含义感到很困惑。归纳
28、拓展 (1)a puzzle to sb.一件让某人感到困惑的事情(2)puzzle about/over苦思冥想；绞尽脑汁(3)puzzling adj.令人困惑的puzzled adj.感到困惑的be puzzled about对迷惑不解 实战演练基础练透单句语法填空When the little girl was asked such a puzzling question，she stood there with a puzzled look on her face.(puzzle)She lost heart when she failed the exam，because her
29、future was puzzling (puzzle)People have long puzzled over/about how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.Where the missing plane has gone still remains a puzzle to us.能力提升句型转换What puzzled the firemen was the cause of the fire.The firemen were puzzled about the cause of the fire.(puzzled adj.)实战贴士 过去分
30、词形式的形容词，如puzzled，confused，frightened，excited，surprised等，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look，voice，smile，expression，face等。4in time及时；终于；迟早写作佳句 As a proverb goes，“Where theres a will，theres a way.” Our efforts will pay off in time.正如一句谚语所说，“有志者，事竟成”，我们的努力迟早会有所回报。归纳拓展 (1)in time for sth.及时赶上某事in ti
31、me to do sth.及时做某事(2)in no time立刻；马上at no time决不(置于句首主谓部分倒装)at a time每次；一次at one time曾经；一度at times有时；间或实战演练基础练透单句语法填空The first magazine with your gift message will arrive in time for the special day.Doing things we dont like can be good for us at times.Begin by asking employees，one at a time，what th
32、ey need to perform at their best.能力提升句式升级In my view，you should at no time lose heart whenever you are in trouble.In my view，at no time should you lose heart whenever you are in trouble.(用倒装句式升级)5in ones turn轮到某人；接着写作佳句 When it is in my turn，I am too excited to speak.当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。归纳拓展 in turn依次；
33、相应地；反过来by turns轮流；交替地take turns to do sth.轮流做某事It is ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事 实战演练基础练透单句语法填空Now that we have finished the design，it is in their turn to construct.At the meeting they took turns to put (put) forward a number of suggestions aiming to promote the reform of education system.The two da
34、ughters looked after their sick mother by turns.能力提升完成句子People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars，which，in turn，creates more problems.人们使用自己的小汽车避免公共交通延误，反过来，这造成更多的问题。实战贴士 by turns是“交替地；轮流”的意思，多指两个人或两个行为之间的交替进行；如果表示“按顺序”则应该用in turn。6make itadj./n.(for sb.)to do文化金句 Havi
35、ng watched A Bite of China will make it easier for you to understand why he is determined to make his living by running a Chinese food restaurant in New York.观看舌尖上的中国会让你更容易理解为什么他决定在纽约开一家中餐馆来谋生。归纳拓展 (1)makeitadj./n.that从句makeitno good/no use/no value.doing sth.(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think，consider，find，feel
36、等 实战演练基础练透单句语法填空I think it great fun to learn (learn) the poems written in the Tang Dynasty with you.She made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.I consider it no use quarrelling (quarrel) with him about it.能力提升完成句子The newlybuilt stadium is large enough，which makes it possi
37、ble for us to take part in various activities.(2018高考全国卷)新建的体育馆足够大，这使我们有可能参加各种各样的活动。实战贴士 “make itadj./n.(for sb.)to do sth.”句型中it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。7倍数表达法教材原句 But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍远，
38、因而我摔倒了。归纳拓展 倍数表达法：(1)倍数as.as.(2)倍数比较级than(3)倍数the size/height/length/width.of.(4)倍数what从句 实战演练基础练透单句语法填空My school has expanded into a big one，which is three times as big as the previous one.The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster (fast) than traditional garbage as a whole.The nu
39、mber of students now in this school is four times what it was ten years ago.能力提升一句多译正在建的新体育馆将会是操场的两倍大。(2018高考全国卷)The new stadium being built will be twice as big as the playground.(as)The new stadium being built will be twice the size of the playground.(size)The new stadium being built will be twice
40、 bigger than the playground.(than)实战贴士 (1)表示“两倍”时用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词times”表达。(2)此句型中倍数也可以用分数、百分数，half等其他程度状语来表达。授课提示：对应学生用书第92页教材与高考.阅读理解障碍词 1阅读词汇认知(2020 高考天津卷)Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atm
41、osphere in which they are dining.n.氛围(2018高考北京卷)However，anger can easily turn violent，and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence.adj.暴力的(2017高考天津卷) They would define the drivers role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives mig
42、ht be lost.n.撞车2一词多义(2019高考北京卷)Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface，where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen.CA牵引力B拉，拖C排入(2019高考北京卷)Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team，some players may make less effort.Just as in a game of tugofw
43、ar (拔河比赛)，whenever a person is added，everyone else pulls the rope with less force.BA牵引力B拉，拖；拽C排入.语言运用高频点1语法填空(2020高考全国卷)As the small boat moved gently (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.(2019高考北京卷) A lot of business is still done ov
44、er the phone，and much of it is based on trust and existing (exist) relationships.(2019高考江苏卷) In the 1960s，while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park，Bob Christiansen became puzzled (puzzle) about something that，oddly，had not troubled anyone before .(2019高考北京卷)We are finally wak
45、ing up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools，apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through.(2018高考全国卷)I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle.He was shaking violently (violent)2完形填空(2019高考江苏卷) However，
46、the two zookeepers didnt want to see the extinction (灭绝) of this precious species.With their patience and efforts，they successfully developed a 47 of artificial breeding (人工繁殖) and natural reproduction.This enabled Emma to give birth to five baby cranes.AcombinationBcollectionCstrategyDsystem解析：人工繁殖
47、和自然繁殖是两种繁殖方式，此处指动物园饲养员把这两种方式成功地结合起来了，故选combination (结合，联合)。collection“收集”；strategy“策略”；system“系统”。答案：A(2018高考全国卷)I still cant believe what a coincidence it was.Im just so glad I was there 60 to help my son.Aon boardBin timeCfor sureDon purpose解析：这里表示作者感慨自己及时出现在事故现场帮助了自己的儿子，因此选in time表示“及时”。on board
48、“在(船、飞机、火车等)上”；for sure“确信”；on purpose“故意地”。答案：B.书面表达亮点练1(2019高考浙江卷)现在父母过多地表扬他们的孩子，这对他们是有害的。(harmful)Nowadays，parents praise their kids too much，which is harmful to them.2(2018高考全国卷)与西方风俗习惯不同，如果你被邀请参加晚宴，准时是有礼貌的。(unlike；punctual)Unlike western customs，it is good manners to be punctual if you are invi
49、ted to attend a dinner party.3(江苏卷)虽然许多人对于网络投票的负面影响感到困惑，但是现在网络投票仍然受欢迎。(puzzled；Internet voting)While many people are puzzled about the negative side of the voting，Internet voting is quite popular nowadays.素养与落实用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文假定你是李华，你爱好太空探险但是却得不到父母理解，于是你给英国朋友Stephen发电子邮件进行交流并请求帮助。要点如下：父母的意见；你的观点。
50、(至少写2点)Step 1补全要点句(黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)我和父母之间存在一个问题，使我不能专心学习。There exists a problem between my parents and me，and that has made it impossible for me to concentrate on my study.我对太空探险很痴迷，因此我在业余时间经常去图书馆，在那里我掌握了许多与太空探索有关的材料。I am so crazy about space exploration that in my spare time I often go to the librar
51、y，where I have got the hang of much about space exploration.这使我的父母很生气，因为他们认为我的爱好对我的学习有害。This makes my parents very angry because they think my hobby is harmful to my study.使我沮丧的是，他们总是阻止我去图书馆，并督促我用两倍多的时间学习。(主语从句)What upsets me is that they always prevent me from going to the library and urge me to sp
52、end twice more time on my lessons.依我看，良好的爱好不仅对全面发展有益，而且有助于我日后的成功。In my view，not only are healthy hobbies beneficial to my overall development but can also contribute to my success in time.既然你处理过类似的情况，我想知道你是否能给我一些建议。Now that you have dealt with such situation，Im wondering whether you can offer me some suggestions.Step 2升级平淡句按要求升级句1There exists a problem between my parents and me，making it impossible for me to concentrate on my study.(分词短语作状语)2There exists a problem between my parents and me，which has made it impossible for me to concentrate on my study.(非限制性定语从句)