1、第七讲名词性从句主语从句1that引导主语从句时，没有具体意思，不充当句子成分，只是起标志性的作用，但that不能省略。what引导时，在从句中充当成分，且有意义。 It is true that the college will take in more new students.这所大学将招收更多的新生是真的。2whether连接主语从句时，表示怀疑，不能省略，意为“是否”，在句首时不能用if替换。 (重庆卷)It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern h
2、otel or not.旧汽车站是否应该被一个现代化的宾馆取代仍然在商讨中。3连接代词、连接副词引导主语从句时不能省略，并在从句中充当句子成分。 It was never clear why the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.这个人为什么没有尽快报告这个事故，还不清楚。4主语从句要用陈述语序，即主谓语序。 (1)用it作形式主语的常用句型有：It系动词形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等)that从句 Itbe名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no
3、wonder等)that从句Itbe过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)that从句It特殊动词(seems，appears，happens，matters)that从句 It is a pity that I missed the party held last night.很遗憾我错过了昨晚举行的聚会。 It is reported that the accident was caused by carelessness.据报道，该事故源于(司机的)粗心(驾驶)。(2)在It is necessary/important/suggested/advised/o
4、rderedthat从句结构中，从句用“(should)动词原形”。 典例1 (2015广东卷语法填空)Now it occurred to him _his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.that解析： 固定句型“it occurred to sb.that从句”表示“某人突然想到”，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。典例2 (2017北京卷)Every year, _makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in
5、 the Kite Festival.whoever解析：句意：每年，无论是谁，只要制作出最美的风筝，他就会在风筝节上赢得奖品。分析句子结构可知，主语从句缺少主语，表示“无论是谁”，故填whoever。单句语法填空1(2016北京卷)Your support is important to our work._you can do helps.Whatever解析： 句意：您的支持对我们的工作很重要。无论您能做什么都会有所帮助。_you can do作句子的主语，是主语从句。主语从句中缺少动词do的宾语，而且指代做的事情，结合句意可知填Whatever。2His favorite food i
6、s fried snacks and soft drinks. It is no surprise_losing weight is just his dream.that解析： 句意：他最喜欢的食物是油炸类小吃和软饮料。减肥只是他的梦想一点都不令人吃惊。It是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。从句中结构及句意完整，故用that引导。3(陕西卷)It remains to be seen_the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.whether解析： 句意：新组建的委员会制定的政策是否能实施还有待观察。I
7、t是形式主语，设空处引导主语从句，用whether符合句意。宾语从句1that连接宾语从句时通常可以省略(但多个并列的宾语从句中只能省略第一个that)，没有具体的意思，不充当句子成分，只是起连接作用。what引导时，在从句中充当成分，且有意义。 (全国卷)Im writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference.我写信是想告诉你我叔叔李明要去你的城市开会。2在whether/if连接的宾语从句中，whether/if意为“是否”，但在whether.or not结构中，或者wheth
8、er引导的宾语从句作介词的宾语时，以及whetherto do结构中和whether引导的从句作少数动词(如leave，put，discuss，doubt，know等)的宾语时，只能用whether，不能用if来替换。 Weve offered her the job，but I dont know whether shell accept it.我们已经为她提供了这份工作，但我不知道她是否会接受。 I dont know whether to set off for Beijing or not.我不知道是否出发去北京。3连接代词、连接副词引导宾语从句时不能省略，并在从句中充当句子成分。 W
9、e promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.我们保证，任何参加这个聚会的人都有机会与那个电影明星合影。4有些动词或动词短语，如like，hate，appreciate，depend on，see to等，一般不直接跟从句，需要借助it。 You may depend on it that she will go with you.你可以相信她会与你一起去。5当主句的主语是第一人称时，在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句若是否定
10、的，就运用否定转移，将否定词转移到主句谓语动词上。 I dont believe she will attend the meeting.我认为她不会来参加该会议。6it作形式宾语，真正的宾语后置，常用此种结构的及物动词有find，make，think，feel，consider等。 I find it important that we should keep calm in danger.我发现我们在危险中保持镇静是很重要的。7不论主句为何种句型，宾语从句都用陈述语序。典例 (2017天津卷)She asked me _I had returned the books to the lib
11、rary, and I admitted that I hadnt.if/whether解析：所填词引导宾语从句，在从句中不作成分，但表示“是否”意义，故用if或whether。单句语法填空1With an optimistic attitude and a strong will，we can overcome _difficulties we might meet with and achieve our goals.whatever解析：句意：带着乐观的态度和强烈的愿望，我们能够克服可能遇到的任何困难，取得成功。通过分析句子可知，overcome后为宾语从句，动词短语meet with后
12、缺少宾语，再结合句意可知用whatever修饰名词difficulties引导宾语从句。2To our astonishment, we saw a light and some people in a cabin. Jim was too frightened to go on but I felt curious, wondering _was happening.what解析： 句意：令我们惊讶的是，我们看到在小屋内有一束光和一些人。吉姆太害怕了，不敢继续往前，但是我觉得很好奇，想知道发生了什么事。设空处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语，表示事物，故用what引导。3Finally, ke
13、ep in mind_there are many things that cant be learnt immediately, and never be frustrated when you fail in one or two exams.that解析： 考查宾语从句。动词短语keep in mind后是一个宾语从句，且从句中不缺少成分，因此用that引导。表语从句1that连接表语从句时从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，that不能省略，没有具体的意思，不充当句子成分，只是起连接作用。 (全国卷)The end result is that we feel like we cant foc
14、us or that were focused on the wrong things.最后的结果是我们感觉我们没能集中注意力或我们关注的是错误的事情。2whether连接表语从句时从句来源于一般疑问句，为一个句意完整、语气不确定的陈述句。whether不能省略，意为“是否”，不能用if替换。 His question is whether they can be friends.他的问题是他们能否成为朋友。3连接代词、连接副词引导表语从句时连接词不能省略，并在从句中充当句子成分。 Id like to start my own businessthats what Id do if I ha
15、d the money.如果我有钱，我会自己做买卖，那就是我想做的事情。4表语从句要用陈述语序，即主谓语序。常见的表语从句句型：(1)It looks/seems as if.好像；仿佛(2)This is because.这是因为(强调原因)(3)The reason why.is that.的原因是(4)That is why.那就是的原因(强调结果)(5)The question/problem is whether/when/where.问题是(6)His dream/suggestion/aim/purpose is that.他的梦想/建议/目标/目的是(7)what从句betha
16、t从句 What surprised us most was that he came late again.最让我们惊讶的是他又迟到了。 典例 (2016北京卷)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is_one can be entirely free from dust.that解析： 句意：雨季最令人愉快的事情是人们可以完全远离尘埃的烦扰。这是一个复合句，主句的主语是The most pleasant thing of the rainy season，is是系动词，_one can be entirely free from dust
17、作表语，是表语从句。从句成分及意思完整，只是缺少连接词，故填that。单句语法填空1(四川卷)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“Thats _I was born.”where解析： 句意：“那就是我出生的地方。”奶奶指着那家医院对我说。前面提到了医院，所以设空处应该是表地点，故用where引导该表语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。2Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is _we often do not know when they are coming.People can not prepa
18、re for it.that解析： 句意：地震让人们很担忧。原因是我们通常不知道它们什么时候发生。人们没法做准备。设空处引导表语从句，从句的结构和意义完整，所以用that引导。同位语从句在名词性从句中，同位语从句是比较难理解的一种从句，虽然在近几年全国卷中没有直接考查过，但需要注意掌握其以下可能考查的方向。1that连接同位语从句时从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，that不能省略，没有具体的意思，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。另外，注意定语从句中的引导词that也要在从句中作成分(主语、宾语)。The news that I passed the exam is true.我通过了考试这一消息是真
19、的。2连接代词、连接副词引导同位语从句时连接词不能省略，并在从句中充当句子成分。 I have no idea where the journalist could have got his information from.我不知道那个记者从哪里得到的消息。 典例 (2016天津卷)The manager put forward a suggestion_we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.that解析： 根据句意可知“经理提出了一个建议”，建议的内容是“我们应该有个助手”，设空后的从句解释说明suggestio
20、n的内容，且设空处在从句中不作任何成分，也不表示任何含义，应用that。单句语法填空1There is solid evidence _watching 3D movies can have some side effects on the viewers.that解析： 考查同位语从句。句意：有确凿证据证明观看3D电影会对观看者有一些副作用。抽象名词为evidence证据，that引导同位语从句，只起引导的作用，在从句中不作任何成分，无具体意义。2Finally I want to express my hope _all the younger fellows can make full
21、use of time.that解析： hope后从句是同位语从句，设空处在从句中没有任何意义，故填that。单句语法填空1(2017北京卷)Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street, not knowing _she was heading.where解析：句意：Jane漫无目的地沿着绿树成荫的街道往前走，不知道要去哪里。此处应用where引导宾语从句。2I asked him _his father had done so that he became such a good person.what解析：句意：我问他他的父亲做了什么，使他
22、成为一个如此好的人。设空处引导宾语从句，作asked的宾语，从句中缺少had done的宾语，指“什么”，因此用what引导该从句。3Success partially depends on _you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.whether解析：句意：成功部分取决于你是否有耐心把简单的事情做得完美。设空处引导宾语从句，作介词on的宾语，意为“是否”，故填whether。4My first task was to decide where to go and _to get there.how解析：句意：我的第一项任务是决定
23、去哪里及如何到达那里。根据常识可知设空处表示“如何”，故填how。5Students can choose _they want to do and register online.what/whatever解析：句意：学生们可以选择他们想做的(任何)事情并在网上注册。“_they want to do”为宾语从句，该从句缺少宾语，故填what或whatever。6Mr. White is opposed to repairing the old building, and thats _I dont agree.where解析： 句意：怀特先生反对维修那座旧建筑，而那正是我不同意的地方。设空
24、处引导表语从句，从句中agree 是不及物动词，其后不能直接接名词作宾语。故填where在从句中作状语。7The problem is _one less hour of sleep is not equal to an extra hour of achievement.that解析： 句意：问题是少睡一小时不等同于额外的一小时的成就。分析句子结构可知，is后为表语从句，从句的结构和句意完整，故填that。8Twentyfive years later the traveler returned to the same place._he saw amazed him. He could n
25、ot believe his own eyes.What解析： 句意：25年后，这位旅行者回到了同一个地方。他所看到的使他震惊。他不敢相信自己的眼睛。设空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作宾语，表示事物，所以用What。9Therefore, it is advisable _you should value and treat them with care.that解析：句意：因此人们建议你应该珍惜、谨慎对待它们。“_you should value and treat them with care”为主语从句，该从句不缺任何成分，故用that引导。10They would appreciate
26、it, to be frank，_the goods could be delivered as soon as possible.if解析： 句意：坦白地说，如果货物能够尽快被运送，他们将会非常感激。would appreciate it if.表示“如果将不胜感激”，it作形式宾语，if引导的是真正的宾语从句。11As students，_ we can repay our mothers is to spare no effort to study hard.what解析：分析句子结构可知，逗号后至is前的部分为主语从句，引导词在从句中作repay的宾语，指“什么”，应用what引导。故
27、填what。12Its a great pity _ we wont be able to finish the task on time.that解析： It作形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句。13_ is known to us that respect for ones parents is one of Chinese traditional moral values.It解析：It is known to us that.为固定句式，表示“我们都知道，众所周知”，其中It为形式主语，that引导的主语从句为真正的主语，故填It。14(2015全国卷)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found _ his parents were missing.that解析：在从句his parents were missing中不缺成分且意思完整，故填that。15The first reason why I consider him as my best friend is _ he has a very warm personality.that解析：考查名词性从句。主语为名词reason，表语从句中的连接词要用that。
