1、第二讲 正确使用并列句与复合句增分句型(一)独立又相依的并列句并列句是用连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来，这种简单句常被叫做分句。并列句中的各个简单句彼此独立，互不依从，但它们表达的意思之间有一定的关系，通常用并列连词连接起来。并列连词之前可用逗号，也可不用逗号。它的基本模式是：简单句并列连词简单句 (一)常见并列句的类型及并列连词类型连词并列关系(递进关系)and, when, both .and ., not only .but (also) ., neither .nor .转折关系but, yet, whereas, however选择关系or, otherwise, or els
2、e, either .or ., not .but .因果关系because, as, for, so, therefore, thus, due to对比关系whileHalf of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols, while 48% of the boys favor sports stars.一半的女孩选择电影和电视明星作为她们的偶像，而48%的男孩更喜欢体育明星。(2018北京高考书面表达)You may have trouble in adjusting yourself to the life in Beijin
3、g, so I suggest that you make full preparations in advance.你可能在适应北京生活方面有困难，因此我建议你提前做好充分准备。(2017全国卷书面表达)Not only will all kinds of papercutting works created by famous artists of this field be on show that day, but a lot of useful and interesting activities will be held as well.那天不仅会有这一领域的著名艺术家所创作的各种
4、剪纸作品展出，而且还会举办许多有用且有趣的活动。(2017全国卷书面表达)If youre interested in it, either you may send an email to 12345 or you can sign up in person.如果你感兴趣，您可以发送电子邮件至12345或亲自报名。(2017北京高考书面表达)Some compromises were unavoidable, but the video turned out perfect.一些妥协是不可避免的，但视频结果是完美的。(2016全国卷书面表达)I know you take good pict
5、ures and youve always wanted to do something for environmental protection.我知道你拍照好，并且你总是想着为环境保护做些事情。(二)使用并列句的注意事项1not only .but also .在连接两个并列分句时，如果not only置于句首，not only所在的分句需用部分倒装语序。(2018浙江高考写作)Firstly, not only can I speak fluent English, but also I have little difficulty communicating with foreigne
6、rs.首先，我不仅能说一口流利的英语，而且和外国人交流也毫无困难。Not only do they offer us joy and excitement, but they also encourage us to think critically.他们不仅提供给了我们喜悦和兴奋，还鼓励我们批判性思考。2表示“虽然但是”这一转折关系时，连接词but不能与though/although连用。虽然我当时很累，但是我感到非常幸福。Although I was very tired then but I felt very happy.()Although I was very tired then
7、, I felt very happy.()I was very tired then but I felt very happy.()3表示因果关系的连词so不与because, as等表示原因的连词连用。因为他生病，所以他那天没去上学。Because/As he was ill so he didnt go to school that day.()Because/As he was ill, he didnt go to school that day.()He was ill so he didnt go to school that day.()应用体验用适当的并列连词填空(2018
8、北京高考书面表达)First I would like to express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.(2018天津高考书面表达)I know you once participated in the Robotics Competition and won the award, so you must have accumulated much experience in it.(
9、2017全国卷书面表达)Im sure that it will interest you, for you have been enthusiastic about pingpong.Therefore,_Id like to invite you to join the team.(2015陕西高考书面表达)First, my English is very good and Im openminded and warmhearted, so Im getting along well with everyone.Give me a chance and I will give you a
10、 wonderful surprise.The young man wanted to help the dog, but as he approached, the dog started to bark.Would you like to leave or would you like to stay?I had just finished my homework when Tom came to me.Some choose to avoid them while others decide to deal with them.It must have rained last night
11、, for it is wet all over.专题过关训练补全句子1(2018北京高考书面表达)虽然外国学生在我们学校学习了很长时间，但他们不知道如何沏茶。Though/Although_the_foreign_students_have_studied_in_our_school for a long time, they dont know how to make tea.2(2017全国卷书面表达)这次展览不仅可以帮助你更好地了解中国民间艺术作品，而且也可以帮助你获得一些剪纸技巧。The exhibition can_not_only_help_you_have_a_better_u
12、nderstanding_of Chinese folk art works, but_can_also_help_you_acquire some papercutting skills.3(2017全国卷书面表达)别犹豫，如果你有什么问题就问我。Dont_hesitate_and_ask_me if you have any questions.4(2017江苏高考书面表达)票价正在上涨。因此，电影业应该做出更大的努力来吸引更多的观众。The ticket price is on the increase. Therefore,_the_film_industry_should_make_
13、greater efforts_to_attract more viewers.5虽然她是一位普通妇女但是确实值得尊敬。She is an ordinary woman but_she_is_really_worth_respecting.6因此，从现在起，让我们不要在一些不重要的事情上浪费时间，而要经常与我们的父母进行推心置腹的谈话。So, from now on, lets not_waste_our_time_on_unimportant_things_but have a hearttoheart chat with our parents once in a while.7上课时要认
14、真听老师讲课，否则你听不懂他在说什么。Listen to the teacher carefully in class, or_you_cant_catch_what_he_is_saying.8她正走在大街上，这时她听到有人叫她。She was_walking_along_the_street_when she heard someone calling her.增分句型(二)吸引眼球的定语从句定语从句的正确使用能够比较明显地反映出考生对于语言具有较高的掌握能力，所以建议考生一定要在写作中至少使用一个恰到好处的定语从句。(一)定语从句的类型1关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词who, whom,
15、 whose, that, which, as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。(2018北京高考书面表达)Last week, we took the foreign students to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned out to be extremely rewarding.上周，我们带领外国学生体验了正宗的茶文化，结果证明非常值得。(2017全国卷书面表达)Secondly, you will make some good friends who
16、 are also interested in playing table tennis.第二，你会交到一些好朋友，他们也很喜欢打乒乓球。As you see, the Chinese people are hardworking.你知道，中国人民是勤劳的。2关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句是指when, where, why引导的定语从句。(2018北京高考书面表达)Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound histo
17、ry and rich culture.它的中国文学专业对你来说是适合的，在那儿你可以完全沉浸在中国深厚的历史和丰富的文化中。(2014安徽高考书面表达)I think the reason why you are always angry may be the high pressure of study.我认为你总是发脾气的原因可能是学习上的巨大压力。3“介词which/whom”引导的定语从句(2017北京高考书面表达)Material collecting took us a whole week, during which we interviewed our teachers an
18、d took pictures of every aspect of school life.搜集材料花了我们整整一周的时间，在此期间我们采访了老师并拍摄了学校生活的各个方面。(二)定语从句的写法定语从句是比较难掌握而又是考生在写作中喜欢尝试的复杂句，在写作时可采用“三步法”：示例第一步：写出两个简单句。The foreigner is from Canada.He visited our class yesterday.第二步：在句中找出一处要修饰的词汇：the foreigner。第三步：用句充当定语从句，the foreigner为先行词指人，句中的代词he指代the foreigner
19、且在句子中作主语，故用who或that作关系词。The foreigner who/that visited our class yesterday is from Canada.应用体验用定语从句将下列每组简单句合并为一个复合句I have a friend.Her father is an engineer.I_have_a_friend_whose_father_is_an_engineer.I will go on a trip to Sichuan.There are a great number of places of interest in Sichuan.I_will_go_
20、on_a_trip_to_Sichuan,_where_there_are_a_great_number_of_places_of_interest.This is the best method.It can be used against pollution.This_is_the_best_method_that_can_be_used_against_pollution.Ive always longed for the days.I will be able to be independent then.Ive_always_longed_for_the_days_when_I_wi
21、ll_be_able_to_be_independent.Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers.Two of them influenced me greatly.Through_the_course_of_my_schooling,_I_met_many_teachers,_two_of_whom_influenced_me_greatly.专题过关训练用定语从句补全句子1(2018全国卷书面表达)我们都知道，一起成长这部优秀的英文短片看起来很有趣。As_we_all_know,_the outstanding Eng
22、lish short film, Growing Together, is interesting to watch.2(2018浙江高考写作)我想申请这个职位的原因是我想提高我的英语口语水平，并且帮助外国中学生更好地了解中国文化。The_reason_why_I_want_to_apply_for_the_position_is_that I want to improve my spoken English and help foreign students have a better understanding of Chinese culture.3(2017全国卷书面表达)我们将学习
23、唐朝时期写的一些中国诗歌。We are going to learn some Chinese poems that/which_were_written_in_the_Tang_Dynasty.4(2016全国卷书面表达)六月的最后一个周日怎么样？那时考试已经结束，我们都有时间。How about the last Sunday of June, when_the_examination_is_over_and_we_are_free?5(2016四川高考书面表达)一年中有四季，每个季节都有显著的特点。There are four seasons in a year, each_of_whi
24、ch_has_distinctive_features.6(2015陕西高考书面表达)作为一名外向的学生，我善于同其他人交流，这使我对这个职位感到自信。As an outgoing student, I am good at communicating with others, which_makes_me_feel_confident_about_this_position.增分句型(三)富有文采的状语从句状语从句主要包括时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较和方式九类从句。1时间状语从句常用when (当时), as (当时), while (在过程中), before (在之前)
25、, after (在之后), since (自从以来), till/until (直到), by the time (that)(到时候), as soon as/the moment/no sooner .than/hardly .when (一就)等连词引导。如：(2018北京高考书面表达)I sincerely hope your dream will come true and its my pleasure to show you around Beijing when that day comes.我真诚地希望你的梦想成真，到那时我会很高兴带你参观北京。The moment (th
26、at) the teacher came in, the students stopped talking.老师一进来，学生们立即停止了谈话。2地点状语从句常用where (在地方), wherever (无论何地), anywhere (在任何地方), everywhere (到处)等连词引导。如：Make a mark where you have questions.在有疑问的地方做个记号。3原因状语从句常用because (因为), as (因为), since (既然), now that (既然), seeing (that)(由于), considering (that)(考虑到
27、)等连词引导。如：(2018全国卷书面表达)As for me, Im keen on basketball as it has been giving me strength to confront the challenges in my life.就我而言，我对篮球很感兴趣，因为它一直给我力量去面对生活中的挑战。4条件状语从句常由if (假如), unless (除非), as (so) long as (只要), on condition that (在条件下), suppose/supposing (假如)等连词引导。如：(2018北京高考书面表达)If you have furth
28、er questions, please feel free to let me know.如果你还有其他问题，请随时告诉我。5目的状语从句常用so that/in order that (以便), in case (以免)等连词引导。如：(2018北京高考书面表达)I explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail in order that they could better understand it.我对茶的传统制作过程作了详细的说明以便于他们更好地理解它。(2016全国卷书面表达)We can set out e
29、arly so that we will have more time to read and select books.我们可以早点出发，这样我们将有更多的时间来阅读和选书。6结果状语从句用so that (结果), so .that/such .that (如此以至于)等连词引导。如：(2016天津高考书面表达)You are so kind and considerate that we hope to be friends with you no matter where you are.你们如此善良、体贴，以至于我们希望成为你们的朋友，无论你们在哪儿。7让步状语从句常用though/
30、although (虽然), even if/though (即使), no matter (what/who/how .)(无论什么/无论谁/无论如何)等连词引导。如：The moral of it is to remind people not to give up easily, no matter what difficulty they meet.它的寓意是提醒人们：无论遇到什么困难，都不要轻言放弃。8比较状语从句常用as .as .(和一样), not so/as .as .(不比)，more .than .(比更)等连词引导。如：I really hope you can ove
31、rcome these difficulties as quickly as you can.我的确希望你能尽快地克服这些困难。9方式状语从句常用as (如，像), as if/though (似乎，好像)等连词引导。如：The old man runs very fast as if he were a young man.这位老人跑得很快，就好像他是一个年轻人。In the following exams, we did as what we had promised.在接下来的考试中，我们按照我们承诺的去做了。应用体验根据提示用状语从句补全句子只要我们有强大的信念，就能够克服任何困难。(
32、as long as)As_long_as_we_have_a_strong_will,_well be able to get over any difficulty.他在公司努力工作，以便于能得到提升。(so that)He worked hard in his firm, so_that_he_could_get_promoted.尽管有规律的锻炼很重要，但临睡前锻炼不是个好主意。(though/although/while)Though/Although/While_regular_exercise_is_very_important,_its never a good idea to
33、 exercise too close to bedtime.如果我们继续污染环境，地球将不再适合我们居住。(if)If_we_go_on_polluting_the_environment,_the earth wont be fit for us to live in.无论我做什么，我都会尽全力做好。(no matter what)No_matter_what_I_do,_I will try my best to do it well.既然你找到了一份工作，你应该学会独立不依靠父母。(now that)Now_that_you_have_got_a_job,_you should lea
34、rn to be independent of your parents.专题过关训练用状语从句补全句子1(2018天津高考书面表达)我们对比赛如此感兴趣，以至于我们组成了一个小组参加比赛。We were so_interested_in_the_competition_that_we_formed a group to take part in it.2(2018天津高考书面表达)无论谁获得机器人技能竞赛的第一名都会被授予金牌。The gold medal will be awarded to whoever_wins_the_first_place_in the_Robotics_Comp
35、etition.3(2017全国卷书面表达)由于天气越来越热，在室内学习是个好主意。As_the_weather_is_getting_hotter_and_hotter,_it is a good idea to study indoors.4(2017全国卷书面表达)如果你对中国民间艺术感兴趣，请发邮件给我。If_youre_interested_in_the_Chinese_folk_art,_please email me.5(2017天津高考书面表达)虽然这些天我在埋头读书，但为了提高自己，我仍然参加了几个学生俱乐部。Though/Although_(I_am)_buried_in_
36、books_these_days,_I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.6(2016江苏高考书面表达)当人们被要求做他们不想做的事情时，他们可能感到被强迫。People may feel forced when_asked_to_do_things_that_they_dont_want_to.7(2015北京高考书面表达)这是如此激动人心的一次活动，以至于我们都玩得非常愉快。It was such_an_exciting_activity_that we all enjoyed oursel
37、ves very much.8(2015四川高考书面表达)每天晚上，我们可以通过视频聊天相互联系，用英语聊半个小时，再用汉语聊半个小时，以提高我们的口语。We can contact each other by video chat every night for half an hour in English and half an hour in Chinese, so_that_we_can_improve_our_oral_speaking.增分句型(四)灵活好用的名词性从句名词性从句是高中阶段重要的语法项目之一，也是写作中常用的高级表达方式。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语
38、从句。(一)名词性从句的连接词1从属连词引导的名词性从句名词性从句的从属连词在从句中只起连接作用，不作成分，主要包括that, whether/if。(2018全国卷书面表达)What I want to stress is that youd better bring some gifts.我想强调的是你最好带一些礼物。(2017全国卷书面表达)Would you tell me if/whether its convenient for you？你能告诉我你是否方便吗？2连接代词引导的名词性从句名词性从句的连接代词在从句中起连接作用，并在从句中充当主语、表语、宾语、同位语，主要包括what
39、, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等。(2017全国卷书面表达)To start with, what I intend to stress is that we are about to start our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10：00 am.next Friday.首先，我想强调的是下周五上午十点钟我们将在教学楼的8号教室开始我们的下节课。3连接副词引导的名词性从句名词性从句的连接副词在从句中起连接作用，
40、并在从句中充当状语，主要包括how, when, why, where, however, whenever, wherever等。(2018全国卷书面表达)When you are enjoying the meal, you need to avoid making noises while chewing food，which is where you should pay attention.当你享受这顿饭的时候，你需要避免咀嚼食物时发出声音，这是你应该注意的地方。(2018北京高考书面表达)Then I showed them how to make tea.然后我展示给他们怎样泡茶
41、。(二)名词性从句的写法在写作中，如果能够把两个简单句合并为一个含有名词性从句的复合句，或者把一个简单句扩展成为含有名词性从句的复合句，对写作都是一种质的升华。名词性从句在写作时可采用“三步法”：示例第一步：写出两个简单句。He said a lot at the meeting.His words were very attractive.第二步：用句作主语从句，可转换为“他在会上所说的话”，即What he said at the meeting。第三步：把句转换的主语从句和句连在一起。What he said at the meeting was very attractive.应用体验
42、用名词性从句将下列每组简单句合并为一个复合句Shall we go picnicking tomorrow? It depends on the weather.Whether_we_shall_go_picnicking_tomorrow_depends_on_the_weather.This is my decision.All of us are to start at 7：00 oclock tomorrow morning.My_decision_is_that_all_of_us_are_to_start_at_7：00_oclock_tomorrow_morning.When d
43、id you enter the room？The police wants to know it.The_police_wants_to_know_when_you_entered_the_room.Our school volleyball team had won the championship.The news encouraged us all greatly.The_news_that_our_school_volleyball_team_had_won_the_championship_encouraged_us_all_greatly.Finally I want to ex
44、press my hope.All the younger fellows can make full use of time.Finally_I_want_to_express_my_hope_that_all_the_younger_fellows_can_make_full_use_of_time.专题过关训练用名词性从句补全句子1(2018全国卷书面表达)相信这是一个你不容错过的好机会。It_is_believed_that_it_is_an_excellent_opportunity that you mustnt miss.2(2018全国卷书面表达)然后消息传来我们学校将放映一部
45、英文短片，它是一部关于我们学校历史的纪录片。Then came the_news_that_an_English_short_film_will_be_shown_in_our_school,_which is a documentary on the history of our school.3(2018北京高考书面表达)这就是为什么我建议你申请北京大学，中国最好的大学之一。That_is_why_I_suggest_you_apply_for Peking University, one of the best universities in China.4(2017北京高考书面表达)我
46、确实希望我的建议能对你有些帮助，也希望你在中国玩得快乐。I_do_hope_that_my_advice_will_be_of_some_help_to_you and that youll have a good time in China.5(2017全国卷书面表达)我想告诉你的是，中国剪纸艺术展将于下周举办。What_I_want_to_tell_you_is_that the Chinese papercutting art exhibition will be held next week.6(2016全国卷书面表达)然而，我不确定措辞和格式是否正确。However, I am no
47、t sure about whether_the_words_and_format_are_correct.7(2015全国卷书面表达)你要记住的最后一件重要的事情是在6月28日前把这篇文章发给我。The last important thing you should remember is that_you_have_to_send_the_article_to_me_before_June_28th.8根据以上情况我们可以得出结论：健康的身体有助于提高我们的生活质量。From the above we_can_draw_a_conclusion_that_a_healthy_body_helps_to_improve the quality of our life.