1、第三讲形容词、副词形容词与副词的比较等级 全析考法.单句语法填空1(2018全国卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal,runners live three years _(long)than non-runners.解析:longer 根据空后的 than 和语境可知,此处应该使用副词比较级形式,故填longer。2(2018全国卷)He screams the _(loud)of all.解析:loudest 根据空前的 the 以及空后的 of all 可知此处应用副词最高级。3(20186 月浙江高考)There
2、 could be an even _(high)cost on your health.解析:higher 此处表示这么做可能还会让你付出更高的健康代价。根据 even 可判断,此处要用形容词的比较级。4(2017全国卷)As a result,people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even _(bad),the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.解析:worse 根据语境可知,此处表示程度的加深,所以用副词比较级形式,even wor
3、se表示“更糟糕的是”。5(20176 月浙江高考)Sixteen years _(early),Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.解析:earlier sixteen years earlier 表示“早在 16 年前”。此时的 earlier 相当于 before,一般直接跟在时间名词的后面。6(2016全国卷)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work,you should take a step back and identify(识别)those of _(g
4、reat)and less importance.解析:greater and 连接并列成分,根据后面的 less 可知,此处要用形容词比较级形式。7(2014全国卷)Finally,that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _(clean)than ever.解析:cleaner 从后面的“than”可知此处要用形容词比较级,故填 cleaner。8(2014广东高考)After our plane landed,we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six
5、months _(early),but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.解析:earlier 由“had made”可知该动作发生在到达旅馆之前,故应该是早在六个月之前我们就已经预订了,所以用副词比较级 earlier。.单句改错1 (2018 全 国 卷 )I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people._解析:largerlarge 根据句意,作者害怕在一大群人面前讲话,这里没有比较的含义,故将 larger 改为 large。2 (2017
6、 全 国 卷 )They often get up earlier andwater the vegetables together._解析:earlierearly get up early 意为“早起”,句中没有比较的意思,故不用比较级。3(2016四川高考)The dishes that I cooked were Moms favoritest._解析:favoritestfavorite favorite 没有比较级和最高级。谨记规则(一)形容词和副词比较等级的构成规则1规则变化构成例词原级比较级最高级单音节的词一般情况下直接加-er 和-estsmallsmallersmalles
7、tgreatgreatergreatesthardharderhardest以不发音的 e 结尾的单音节词加-r 和-stnicenicernicestcutecutercutestlargelargerlargest以一个辅音字母结尾,且前面只有一个元音的词,先双写词尾的辅音字母后再加-er 和-estfatfatterfattestthinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottest以“辅音字母y”结尾的词,先把 y 变为i 再加-er 和-esteasyeasiereasiesthappyhappierhappiestearlyearlierearliest其他双音节和
8、多音节的形容词或副词都在前面加 more 和 mostcarefulmore carefulmost carefulpopularmore popularmost popularefficientlymoreefficientlymostefficiently特别注意(1)有少数几个双音节形容词,既可以加-er 和-est,又可以加 more 和 most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是:common,handsome,quiet,pleasant,cruel,stupid,tired 和以-ow,-er 结尾的词。(2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,因此没有比较级和最高
9、级。这类形容词有:right(正确的),wrong(错误的),excellent(优秀的),possible(可能的),empty(空的),first(第一的),wooden(木制的),final(最后的),east(东方的),last(最后的)等。2不规则变化原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestbad,illworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther(指时间或空间上“更远的”)farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的;最远的”)further(指空间距离“更远的”;在更大程度上)furthest(指空间距离“最远
10、的”;在最大程度上)oldolder/elderoldest/eldest(二)形容词、副词比较等级的用法1原级的用法(1)“as形容词/副词原级as”与“notas/so形容词/副词原级as”表示同级比较,即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同/不同。He doesnt run so/as fast as his younger brother.他没有他弟弟跑得快。(2)当 as.as 结构中有名词时,可用以下结构:as形容词原级an可数名词单数asasmany可数名词复数asasmuch不可数名词asHenry does not have so/as many books as I ha
11、ve.亨利的书没有我的书多。2比较级的用法(1)“形容词/副词比较级than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更”。“less多音节形容词/副词原级than”结构表示“一方不及另一方”。The book is less interesting than that one.这本书不如那本书有趣。(2)“the形容词/副词比较级,the形容词/副词比较级”表示“越,就越”。The more interaction the robot has with humans,the more it learns.机器人与人类交流得越多,它学会的就越多。(3)“形容词/副词比较级and形容词/副词比较级”表示“越来越
12、”。It becomes colder and colder when winter comes.冬天来了,天气越来越冷。(4)“the形容词/副词比较级of the two名词”表示“某人或某物是两者中较的”。Mike is the taller of the two boys.迈克是两个男孩中个子比较高的那个。(5)形容词/副词比较级可以用 much,even,still,far,a little,a lot,rather 等来修饰。It was also much more than we could afford,but far less than the original askin
13、g price.这个价格仍然远远超出我们能够负担得起的价位,但是它已经远远低于最初的要价了。3最高级的用法(1)表示三者或三者以上的比较,常见的结构为“the最高级表示比较范围的短语或从句”,表示“是中最的”。The dog has a funny,short tail and certainly the funniest face of the dogs in the world.这只狗有一条逗人而短的尾巴,它的脸肯定是世上最逗人的狗脸了。(2)“one of the最高级可数名词复数”表示“最的之一”。This is one of the most important events in
14、modern history.这是现代历史上最重要的事件之一。(3)用比较级或原级表示最高级含义。“否定词语比较级”表示最高级含义。比较级形式表示最高级含义。比较级thanany other可数名词单数all the other可数名词复数anything/anyone elseany of the other可数名词复数(4)最高级可以用序数词及 by far,nearly,almost,much,by no means 等修饰。(三)倍数表达法倍数表达法例句A谓语倍数形容词/副词比较级(名词)thanBThe electronic waste stream is increasing th
15、ree times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.总的来说,泛滥成灾的电子废弃物正以比传统垃圾快三倍的速度增加。A谓语倍数as形容词/副词原级asBThis restaurant wasnt half as good as that other restaurant we went to.这家饭店还不如我们以前去过的那家饭店的一半好。A谓语倍数the名词(size,length,height,wei-ght等)ofBWhen you study the local map,youll find this town is twice the
16、 size of that one.当你研究当地的地图时,你会发现这座城镇是那座(城镇)的两倍大。A谓语倍数thatofBA谓语倍数what从句The output of this year is three times that of 2018.The output of this year is three times what it was in 2018.今年的产量是 2018 年的三倍。常见副词 全析考法单句改错1(2018全国卷)Immediate,I raised my hand._解 析:Immediate Immediately 此 处 为 副 词 作 状 语,故 将 Imm
17、ediate 改 为Immediately。2 (2017 全 国 卷 )A few minutes late,the instructor asked me to stop the car._解析:latelater“一段时间late”表示“迟到多长时间”;“一段时间later”表示“多长时间之后”。此处表示“几分钟后,教练让我把车停下来”。3 (2017 全 国 卷 )Beside,they often get some useful information from the Internet._解析:BesideBesides 句意:此外,他们还经常从网上获取一些有用的信息。beside
18、“在旁边”,是介词;besides“此外”,是副词。4(2014全国卷)Nearly five years before,and with the help of our father,my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden._解析:beforeago 表示在说话时之前用 ago;相对于过去的某个时间或动作之前才用 before。故 before 应改为 ago。5(2014全国卷)Since then for all these years we have been allowing tomato
19、es to self-seed where they please.As a result,the plants are growing somewhere._解析:somewhereeverywhere somewhere 意为“某处”,而此处语境表示“植物到处生长”,故应用 everywhere“到处”。谨记规则(一)易混词辨析beside 在旁边(或附近)besides 此外,而且late 迟的,晚的later 后来,以后ago 以前(以现在为起点)before 以前(以过去为起点)somewhere 某处everywhere 到处(二)形近副词辨析hard努力地;艰难地hardly几乎
20、不 late迟;晚lately最近;近来near在附近nearly几乎;差不多free免费地freely自由地;畅通地close靠近地closely密切地;接近地high在高处;高highly很;非常;高度地wide广阔地;充分地widely广泛地;普遍地deep深深地;在深处deeply深刻地;深沉地(三)连接副词用法一览though 一般用于句末,意为“然而,可是”表示转折。,meanwhile 意为“在此期间”表示两个动作同时发生。,therefore/thus/consequently 意为“因此,所以”,表示结果。moreover/furthermore/additionally 意
21、为“此外”,表承接关系。besides 意为“另外,还有”,表示递进关系。however 意为“然而”,表示让步、转折,常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。instead 意为“相反”,表示相反的情况。anyway/anyhow 意为“尽管,即使这样”,表示让步。语法填空解题“3 策略”1利用提示词(1)看到提示词在名词前作定语、在系动词后作表语,或在宾语后作宾补,要想到用形容词;(2)看到提示词修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子作状语时,要想到用副词。2利用标志词(1)若是两者之间相比,且空格后有 than,要想到用形容词或副词的比较级;(2)and,or,but 等并列连词连接的平行结构,如果其中
22、之一是比较级,要想到另一并列成分也应用比较级;(3)注意使用比较等级的固定搭配或句型,如:the比较级.,the比较级.the最高级标志性词语或从句3利用修饰语(1)看到修饰语 much,still,even,far,a lot,a little,a great deal,(by)far,a bit 等以及百分数,要想到比较级;(2)看到修饰语 by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really 以及序数词等,要想到最高级。据第 1 条解题1In some crowded(crowd)cities,the car has polluted the air s
23、o badly that people get sick just from breathing it.2E-hongbao is actually(actual)a kind of lucky money from and to relatives and friends during festivals or on special occasions.据第 2 条解题3The harder(hard)you try to beat him,the more likely you will get hit.4Technology is getting better and cheaper(c
24、heap)5During the end of the 19th century and the beginning of 20th century,Beijing Opera finally formed and became the biggest(big)of all operas in China.6Road safety has aroused wider(wide)attention of the public than before.据第 3 条解题7In fact,people are much closer(close)to dogs in a way than to cow
25、s,pigs or even horses.8Please dont misunderstand me.But dont you think we should take things a bit easier(easy),darling?9Of the two lectures,the first was by far the better(good),partly because the speaker had an extraordinary style.10It might have made it a little harder(hard)for everybody because
26、it meant they had to turn around,but that didnt stop the kids in the class.短文改错解题“3 关注”1关注比较范围如果是两者之间的比较,则用比较级;如果是三者或三者以上的比较,则用最高级。2关注搭配句式看含有比较等级的固定搭配和句式是否准确。3关注常见副词的用法据第 1 条解题1Since his family was rich than mine,he had more toys than I did.richricher2And if you decide to take Dr.Kleins advice,you c
27、an make yourself even happy by recommending the technique to others.happyhappier3I even have a large vocabulary than before.largelarger4But he stays outside the list of the worlds 10 rich people.richrichest据第 2 条解题5The more I learn English,the easy it becomes.easyeasier6To make matters bad,now I hav
28、e to share a room with my younger sister,Maggie.badworse7Therefore,I was determined not to let him down any long.longlonger据第 3 条解题8First,its an activity concerned with all parts of my body,which is quite a good way for me to keep fit.Beside,its an activity I can enjoy whatever the weather is like except when it rains heavily.BesideBesides9Water is very important to us,without which there would be no life.Therefore,some people dont turn the tap off at once after using it.ThereforeHowever10I lived in my hometown ten years before.beforeago