1、Section_ Grammar_and_usage 非谓语动词综述探究发现1So, how to reveal this hidden dimension?2Sometimes reading a poem can be a lifelong job.3You need to go on a journey to a remote and unknown destination.4Finally, remember that you do not have to fully understand a poem to appreciate it.5Poetrys combination of
2、“sound” and “sense” makes you see the world in a new way and allows you to go beyond normal reality for the everlasting beauty.我的发现(1)句1中非谓语动词hidden在句中作定语；(2)句2中非谓语动词短语reading a poem在句中作主语；(3)句3中非谓语动词短语go on a journey在句中作宾语；(4)句4中非谓语动词to appreciate在句中作状语；(5)句5中非谓语动词短语to go beyond normal reality在句中作补
3、语。语法图解 单元语法一图贯通 语法突破 语境理解合作探究一、非谓语动词作主语：动词不定式与动词ing形式1动词不定式和动词ing形式都可以在句中作主语。不定式作主语时常常用形式主语it代替，不定式置于句末。To protect the environment is very important.It is very important to protect the environment.保护环境非常重要。2动词ing形式有时也用形式主语it代替，动词ing形式置于句末。It is no good pretending to know what you do not know.装作知道所不知
4、道的事物对你是没有好处的。It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。二、非谓语动词作宾语：动词不定式与动词ing形式1在afford, agree, arrange, choose, claim, desire, expect, fail, hope, intend, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, wish等动词后，常接动词不定式作宾语。I cant afford to lose my ticket.我不能承受失去我的这张票。Tom promised to go with me.汤姆承诺和我一块去。2在advise,
5、admit, avoid, consider, deny, enjoy, finish, practise, suggest等动词以及burst out, give up, insist on, keep on, put off等短语后，常接动词ing形式作宾语。I considered going to see him in person.我打算亲自去看他。I insist on paying for the doll for the girl.我坚持为这个女孩支付洋娃娃的钱。3在like、love、begin、start等动词后，既可以接动词不定式作宾语，也可以接动词ing形式作宾语，但二
6、者区别不大，常可以交换使用。He doesnt like to turn to his parents for help.He doesnt like turning to his parents for help.他不喜欢向他的父母求助。It started to rain.It started raining.开始下雨了。4在remember, forget, regret, try, mean等动词后，既可以接动词不定式作宾语，也可以接动词ing形式作宾语，但二者意义不同。I vaguely remember hearing him come in.我隐约记得听到他进来。Remember
7、 to switch the light off before we come out.记得在出门前把灯关掉。I now regret telling the lie.我现在后悔说谎了。I regret to tell you the bad news.我很遗憾告诉你这个坏消息。5介词后一般只接动词ing形式作宾语。How about coming with us?和我们一块来怎么样？三、非谓语动词作表语：动词不定式、动词ing形式与动词ed 形式1动词不定式可以在句中作表语，说明主语所指的内容，动词不定式可以带逻辑主语。动词不定式作表语，to有时可以省略。My purpose is to h
8、elp them.我的目的是帮助他们。My dream is to be a teacher one day.我的梦想是有一天能做一名老师。All I did was (to) give him a little push.我所做的这一切是为了给他一些动力。2动词ing形式和动词ed形式可以在句中用作表语，说明主语的特征或者状态，动词ing形式还可以表示主语所指的内容。The book was so interesting that he almost forgot the time.这本书是如此有趣以至于他几乎忘记了时间。He is very concerned about the matt
9、er.他十分担心这件事。四、非谓语动词作定语：动词不定式、动词ing形式与动词ed 形式1动词不定式作定语常表示将要发生的事，动词ing形式作定语常表示正在发生的事，动词ed形式作定语常表示已经发生的事或表示被动意义。I have a meeting to attend tomorrow.我明天有个会议要出席。The boy standing there is my friend.站在那边的男孩是我的朋友。Jack cleared the fallen leaves on the ground.杰克清扫了地上的落叶。Many students like to read novels writt
10、en in English.很多学生喜欢读英语小说。2动词不定式和动词ing形式作定语时可以有被动形式。The building to be built in the square will be a new library.将要在广场建的这座大楼将是一个新图书馆。Do you see the house being built over there?你看到正在建的房子了吗？五、非谓语动词作状语：动词不定式、动词ing形式与动词ed 形式1动词不定式作状语可以表示目的或者结果，动词ing形式和动词ed形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、伴随等意义。Mary came to see me.玛丽来看我了
11、。I sat in my empty restaurant, feeling very frustrated.我坐在空荡荡的饭店里，感到特别沮丧。Deeply moved, I determined to follow his example.被深深地感动了，我决定以他为榜样。2动词ing形式具有主动意义，动词ed形式具有被动意义。She was in the kitchen preparing dinner.她正在厨房里准备晚饭。Compared with other opponents, we have a slight advantage.与其他对手相比，我们略有优势。3动词ing形式作
12、状语可用完成式。Having finished his homework, Tom went out to play.完成了他的作业，汤姆出去玩了。六、非谓语动词作补语：动词不定式、动词ing形式与动词ed 形式1在expect, forbid, force, order, permit, request, warn等动词后，常接“名词/代词动词不定式”结构，动词不定式作补语。We can always expect him to help us.我们总是期望他能帮助我们。He warned us to be careful.他警告我们要小心。2在see、hear、notice、watch、f
13、eel等动词后，可以接不带to的动词不定式作补语，表示动作的整个过程；这些动词也可以接动词ing形式作补语，表示动作正在进行。I saw him cross the street and enter a shop.我看到他穿过这条街，进入了一家商店。I saw him crossing the street.我看到他正穿过这条街。3动词ed形式作补语常表示被动意义。How would you like your hair cut?你想理什么样的发型？We must get our work finished by 10 oclock.我们必须在10点前完成工作。即时演练(1)写出下列非谓语动词
14、在句中所作的成分Smoking is forbidden in public.作主语To all appearances, my choice of careers seems to have worked out.作宾语What I would suggest is to start work at once.作表语The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important.作定语A terrible storm hit the area, thus causing great damage to the crops.作状语A c
15、ook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.作补语(2)用非谓语动词改写下列句子The girl sat in the classroom, and listened to the teacher carefully.The_girl_sat_in_the_classroom,_listening_to_the_teacher_carefully.We are given two more hours.We will reach the top of the mountain.Given_two_mor
16、e_hours,_we_will_reach_the_top_of_the_mountain.After he read the poem a second time, he had a better understanding of it.Having_read_the_poem_a_second_time,_he_had_a_better_understanding_of_it.Tom studies the area carefully.He figured out where the eggs have been buried.Tom_studies_the_area_carefull
17、y,_figuring_out_where_the_eggs_have_been_buried.In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message.The secret message is hidden within the work.In_art_criticism,_you_must_assume_the_artist_has_a_secret_message_hidden_within_the_work.1break with sth 与某事终止关联，破除(教材p.48)The aim of the Rom
18、antics was to break with the ideals of the 18th century：.浪漫主义者的目的是与18世纪的理想决裂：break out爆发；突然发生break in打断；强行进入；破门而入break down分解；出故障break up终止；分手；中止break off折断；断绝；中断；突然停止break through突破；突围；冲破；取得突破性成就break away (from sb/sth)突然挣脱；逃脱(经典佳句)Times call for a boss willing to break with old habits.时代需要一个愿意颠覆旧习
19、惯的总裁。练透用适当的介、副词填空Her health broke down under the pressure of work.As the Presidents car drew up, the crowd broke into loud applause.I was still living in London when the war broke out.Scientists think they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.写美补全句子He thinks that breaking_with_
20、tradition leads to all sorts of social problems.他认为打破传统会导致各种各样的社会问题。A conflict broke_out between an employee and the manager the other day.前几天，一位员工与这位经理发生了冲突。2advocate vt.拥护，支持，提倡 n拥护者，支持者；辩护律师(教材p.48)Instead, they advocated going back to nature.相反，他们提倡回归自然。(1)advocate doing sth 提倡做某事advocate sth提倡某
21、事advocatethat 从句提倡(2)an advocate of一个的拥护者(经典佳句)This is why I advocate employing user stories.这就是为什么我要提倡使用用户场景。练透单句语法填空Do you advocate banning (ban) cars in the city centre?He is a keen advocate ofthe new policy.写美补全句子We advocate_solving_international_conflict by negotiation, instead of appealing to
22、arms.我们提倡通过协商而不是诉诸武力来解决国际争端。句型公式：It was a time when .引导的定语从句(教材p.48)It was a time when many painters, musicians, novelists and poets looked at the world in new and different ways.这是一段很多画家、音乐家、小说家和诗人用一种崭新的并且完全不同的方式看待这个世界的时光。time的相关句型：It was a time when .这是一段的时光(when引导定语从句)It/This/That is the first/se
23、cond ./last time that .have done .这是某人第一、二最后一次做某事It is time to do sth 该做某事的时候了It is (high) time that sb did/should do sth 该某人做某事的时候了each time/every time/next time/any time每次/下次/任何时候(引导时间状语从句)(经典佳句)It was a time when anything seemed possible.那是一个任何事都可能发生的时代。练透单句语法填空This is the first time that I have_
24、been (be) here.It is high time that we went/should_go (go) to the classroom.写美翻译句子我每次听到那首歌我都感到很愉快。Every_time_I_hear_that_song_I_feel_happy.有段时间我感到很孤独。There was a time when I felt lonely.维度一基础题型练用所给动词的正确形式填空。1Eshopping, when properly done (do), can save us a lot of money.2When comparing (compare) dif
25、ferent cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing many similarities.3Anyone found (find) boarding with knives will be stopped by the security inspectors.4I dreamed you became a hero with a lot of medals attached (attach) to your chest.5Its a great shame to_be_blamed (b
26、lame) in public.6Knowing (know) basic firstaid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.7Everyone in this country should work hard and do what they can to_fight (fight) against national haze.8When we visited my old family home, memory came flooding (flood) back.9He is thought to_have_
27、acted (act) foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.10Much time spent (spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problem.维度二语法与写作用非谓语动词补全下列句子。1Hearing_this_news,_all the students got thrilled.听到这个消息，同学们都非常兴奋。2His_being_elected as our team l
28、eader cheered us up.他被选为我们的队长，这极大地振奋了我们。3I really appreciate having_been_given an opportunity to go abroad for further study two years ago.我非常感激两年前获得了一次出国学习的机会。4We hurried to the destination, only_to_be_told_that the lecture had been over.我们匆忙赶到目的地，却被告知讲座已经结束了。5Not_having_received a reply, he determ
29、ined to write another.没有收到回信，他决定再写一封。6Reading_and_appreciating_a_poem can broaden our horizon and cultivate our taste.阅读并欣赏诗歌能开阔我们的视野，陶冶我们的情操。维度三语法与语篇阅读下面短文，用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。Freud was one of the first scientists 1.to_make (make) serious research of the mind.The mind is the collection of activities 2.
30、based (base) in the brain that involve how we act, think, feel and reason.He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams 3.to_search (search) for the causes of mental and emotional problems.He also tried hypnosis.He wanted to see if 4.putting (put) patients into a sleeplike condition would
31、 help ease 5.troubled (trouble) minds.In most cases he found the effects only temporary.Freud worked hard, although what he did might sound easy.His method involved 6.sitting (sit) with his patients and 7.listening (listen) to them talk.He had them 8.talk (talk) about whatever they were thinking.All ideas, thoughts and anything that entered their mind had to 9.be_expressed (express)There could be no 10.holding (hold) back because of fear or guilt.