1、专题二七选五阅读A(2017全国卷)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping，I would have laughed heartily.Campers，in my eyes，were people who enjoyed insect bites，illcooked meals，and uncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in common with me._1_The friends who int
2、roduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer._2_We slept in a tent，cooked over an open fire，and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work，recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill
3、for my sons food poisoning.I was，nevertheless，talked into going on another funfilled holiday in the wilderness._3_Instead，we had a popup camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.My natureloving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life._4_We have done a lot of it since.R
4、ecently，we bought a twentyeightfoot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a builtin TV set.There is a separate bedroom，a modern kitchen with a refrigerator.The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains._5_It must be true that sooner or later，everyone finds his or her way back to nature.I r
5、ecommend that you find your way in style.AThis time there was no tent.BThings are going to be improved.CThe trip they took me on was a rough one.DI was to learn a lot about camping since then，however.EI must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.FAfter the trip，my family became quite inter
6、ested in camping.GThere was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了作者野营的经历与感受。1解析：根据空格前的内容可知，三年前，作者认为野营者是那些喜欢被虫子咬、糟糕的饭菜和不舒服的睡袋的人，自己与其他野营者完全不同。D项“然而，从那时起，我学到了很多关于野营的知识”能够紧密衔接上下文。故选D。答案：D2解析：根据空格后一句可知，这次野营是一段艰难的旅程。C项“他们带我去的这次旅行很艰难”符合语境。故选C。答案：C3解析：根据空格后一句“相反，我们有一辆弹出式
7、野营车，车上有舒适的床，还有一台空调”并结合选项可知，空格处指这次野营没有帐篷。故选A。答案：A4解析：根据空格后一句“We have done a lot of it since.”并结合选项可知，这次野营之后，作者一家变得对野营非常感兴趣，F项承上启下。故选F。答案：F5解析：空格后提到，每个人迟早都会找到自己回归自然的方法，“我”建议找到有自己风格的方法。E项“我必须得说，我肯定喜欢上野营了”能够引出下文，符合语境。故选E。答案：EB(2017北京卷)Every animal sleeps，but the reason for this has remained foggy.When l
8、ab rats are not allowed to sleep，they die within a month._1_One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories._2_We know that，while awake，fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing(加强)connections between brain cells，but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.Supp
9、ort is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元)in the brain can be weakened overnight，making room for fresh memories to form the next day._3_Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right._4_The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of s
10、leep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep，showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.If Tononis theory is right，it would explain why，when we miss a nights sleep，we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new informationour brains may have smalle
11、r room for new experiences.Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner.The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size._5_“You keep what matters，”Tononi says.AWe should also try to sleep well th
12、e night before.BIts as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.CSimilarly，when people go for a few days without sleeping，they get sick.DThe processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.EThats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after
13、learning.F“Sleep is the price we pay for learning，”says Giulio Tononi，who developed the idea.GTononis team measured the size of these connections，or synapses，in the brains of 12 mice.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了研究发现睡眠可以让记忆变得更好。1解析：根据第一段第二句句可推断出，C项“同样的，当人们几天不睡觉时，他们就会生病”符合逻辑。故答案选C。答案：C2解析：根据第二段第一句可推断出，E项“这就是为什么
14、学生在学习完如果有机会睡一觉，他们在测试中会表现更好”符合语境。故答案选E。答案：E3解析：根据第三段第一句及下文中的“Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right.”可推断出，F项“提出这个观点的Giulio Tononi说：睡眠是我们为学习所付出的代价”符合语境。故答案选F。答案：F4解析：根据第四段第三句可推断出，G项“Tononi的团队测量了12只老鼠的大脑中这些连接或者突触的大小”符合语境。故答案选G。答案：G5解析：根据第六段第二句可推断出，B项“这就好像是大脑在保存最重要的记忆”符合语境。故答案选B。答案：BC
15、(2017全国卷)Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while youre trying to get work done._1_，there are several ways to handle things.Lets take a look at them now._2_.Tell the person youre sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a d
16、ifferent time.When people try to interrupt you，have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that youll find them then._3_.It can help to eliminate(消除) future interruptions.When you need to talk to someone，dont do it in your own office._4_，its much easier to excuse yourse
17、lf to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.If you have a door to your office，make good use of it._5_.If someone knocks and its not an important matter，excuse yourself and let the person know youre busy so they can get the hint(
18、暗示)that when the door is closed，youre not to be disturbed.AIf youre busy，dont feel bad about saying noBWhen you want to avoid interruptions at workCSet boundaries for yourself as far as your time goesDIf youre in the other persons office or in a public areaEIts important that you let them know when
19、youll be availableFIt might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt youGLeave it open when youre available to talk and close it when youre not语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几种处理工作时受到打扰的状况的方法。1解析：上一句说工作时受到打扰是最难处理的事情之一；根据空格后的“there are several ways to handle things”可知，B项“当你想在工作时避免被打扰”承上启下，符合语境。故选B。答案：B
20、2解析：空格处是本段的主旨句。根据下文可知，本段主要讲述了受到打扰要告诉别人你有很多事要做，再找另外的时间交谈。A项“如果你工作很忙，不要不好意思拒绝”概括了本段主旨。故选A。答案：A3解析：下文说这样做会免于未来受到打扰，所以空格处应是说这种免于受到打扰的做法；再根据上文中的“have set hours planned”可知，E项“让其他人知道你什么时间是有空的，这很重要”与上下文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选E。答案：E4解析：上文说不要把谈话地点选在自己的办公室；下文说找借口让自己回归工作要比向他解释你有多忙，好让他人离开你的办公室容易得多。D项“如果你在他人的办公室或公共场所”与上文相对应
21、，并引起下文。故选D。答案：D5解析：根据上文“If you have a door to your office，make good use of it.”可知，如果办公室有门，那就好好利用它。G项“当你有空时，把门打开；当你忙时，把门关上”承接上文，符合语境。故选G。答案：G1阅读各个空的前后句，标记关键词。在阅读文章的开始部分、明确文章的基本话题以后，要阅读五个空各自的前后句，并将前后句中的解题线索，即关键词标记下来。关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组(如带有形容词的名词词组)、专有名词、时间数字、代词、连词等。2阅读各个选项，尤其是选项的首句，标记关键词。3比较上述两类关键词，确定答案
22、。在标记了原文与选项的关键词以后，可以按照下列原则判断原文的空与选项是否匹配：词汇衔接正确选项中的关键词一般重复前一句的关键词，也与下一句的关键词相呼应。逻辑衔接正确选项与原文空前的句子在逻辑上是连贯的。例如，前一句使用although，那么正确选项的内容应该与之相反。代词衔接正确选项中代词之后的关键词一定在原文的前一句谈论过。例如，如果选项中说this reward，而且这一选项是正确答案，那么原文中的空前的句中一定出现过reward这个词或它的同义词。4将确定的答案代入原文，看读起来是否通顺。1从词汇上锁定线索要保持对“线索词”的敏感。主要的线索词是空白前后的名词和动词，寻找答案时应注意在
23、选项中查找与空白处前后句有同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语。其次是代词、数词和表示时间/地点/名称等的专有名词。2从关联词上查找由于篇章中句、段之间经常会运用关联词表示衔接和过渡，使文章逻辑性更强、上下文结构联系更加紧密，因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的信号词在选择答案时就显得愈加重要。例如：递进关系、转折关系、并列关系、因果关系、顺承关系等。常见关联词有：similarly，also，moreover，since，therefore，however，on the other hand，as a result，afterwards，finally，to begin with等。
24、3从设空位置着手一般而言，位于段首的句子通常是段落的主题句，段尾的句子通常是结论、概括性语句，而段中的句子一般是具体而详实的论述，或表示并列、转折或因果等关系。4从篇章、段落和句意判断选择的前提是读懂句意、段意。读懂空白前后的句子、明白上下几句话的确切含义，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性再从选项中进行选择。在读懂意思的基础上，利用线索特征词等进一步确定答案。一、段首题1假如挖空出现在段首，通常为主题句。要认真阅读空后内容，根据段落一致性原则，推断出主题句。另外着重阅读空后第一、二句，锁定线索词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。2如果空格所在的段落带有小标题，这时空格及其后面的句子就是对小标题的解读。
25、【典例1】(2017浙江卷)._34_Each interview that you get on the street shouldnt be longer than ten minutes.As soon as you get the answer you need，move on to the next person.Make sure that as you go from interview to interview，you are getting a variety of answers.If everyone is giving you the same answer，you w
26、ont be able to use it.A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten.A.Limit your time.解析：解本题可用设题位置法。显然，该空要填本段的段落小标题。根据空格后的“你在街上的每次采访都不应超过十分钟”可知进行街头采访时要控制好时间。选项A正合语境。本设空类型为段落主题句类。答案：A二、段中题挖空位置如果在段中，则所填句子的含义应与前句、后句保持一致。因此，考生在做题时要学会瞻前顾后，关注题线处前后句的逻辑关系和语意。一般说来，文章的行文通常需要一定的衔接手段来实现，而该题型的衔接手段主要
27、有以下两种渠道：一是词汇线索，二是行文逻辑。1从词汇线索上判断词汇线索主要包括代词和词汇复现两种情况。(1)代词英语表达中，代词出现的频率极高。代词主要用于指代前面提到的人或物，有时也用于区别前面提到的名词或概念。巧妙利用这样的指代关系及差异可以准确而快速地解题。【典例2】(2016全国卷).Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants，flowers，patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that r
28、equire less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料)_18_. However，there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years.E.Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants解析：细节句。根据本段中的Some people may think that. Others are conc
29、erned about.可推断出此处应该是：Still others may.。答案：E(2)词汇复现作者在文章中会对同一个概念重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章不同的地方重复出现。词汇复现可以指相同词汇的重复使用、同义词和近义词的复现以及同一范畴词的复现。解题时可以利用这些词作为解题线索。【典例3】(2017全国卷).Rethink mornings.Now that you know why you want to wake up，consider rearranging your morning activities.If you want time to have breakfast
30、with your family，save some time the night before by setting out clothes，shoes，and bags._38_Thats a quarterhour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.G.Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.解析：解本题可利用词汇锁定法。由空后的bought a coffee maker可锁定G项“重新
31、考虑你用在咖啡馆排队买咖啡的15分钟”。本设空类型属于细节理解类。答案：G2从行文逻辑上判断英语行文离不开逻辑关系，一篇没有逻辑的文章只能是一盘散沙。逻辑关系主要包括：并列关系、递进关系、对比或转折关系和因果关系等。解题时可以充分利用这些逻辑关系。(1)并列关系如果空格处或前后两句话出现first/firstly，second/secondly，third/thirdly；first，next，then；for one thing，for another；to begin with，to conclude等标志性词语，则表明前后两句是逻辑上的并列关系。【典例4】(2016全国卷).If you
32、d like to build a powerful bond with your garden，start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth._20_.Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grownup garden.Have fun.G.For each of those gardens，write down the strongest memory you have解析：过渡句。上句
33、提到：通过花费时间回想你青年时期的园子开始吧。本句应为：为记忆中的每一个园子，写下你最深刻的记忆。引出下文：然后走出去，制订一个计划把你小时候的记忆转化为你成年后的园子。答案：G(2)递进关系如果空格处或前后两句话出现also，besides，furthermore，moreover，in addition，whats more，whats worse，to make matters worse，in other words，similarly 等标志性词语，则表明此处句子间是逻辑上的递进关系。【典例5】(2015北京卷).First，understand that some opportun
34、ities (机会) for daydreaming are better than others.Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams._73_ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while youre daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another taskpreferably something simple，like taking a
35、 shower or walking，or even making meaningless drawings.A.Having interesting things to think about also helps.解析：过渡句。本题可利用递进关系解题。选项A中的also helps与空格前面句子中的help相对应，且两句主语形式统一，都说的是“做白日梦”的条件。故选A。答案：A(3)对比或转折关系如果空格处或前后两句话出现but，however，yet，instead，otherwise，on the other hand，on the contrary，in spite of，regar
36、dless of等标志性词语，则表明此处句子间是逻辑上的对比或转折关系。【典例6】(2017浙江卷)How to Do ManontheStreet InterviewsThe manonthestreet interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot._31_But with these tips，your first manonthestreet interview experience can be easy.D
37、.For new reporters，this can seem like a challenging task.解析：考查承上启下。该段用来引入本文的话题，根据语境尤其是下文中的“But with these tips”和“can be easy”可知，街头的采访对于新的记者来说似乎是富有挑战性的工作，但有了以下建议，就能得心应手了，所以选D。答案：D(4)因果关系如果空格处或前后两句话出现because，why，so，thus，therefore，as a result 等标志性词语，则表明此处句子间是逻辑上的因果关系。【典例7】(2015北京卷).Finally，you never kn
38、ow what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away._75_.G.Therefore，its a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when youre in the daydream zone.解析：过渡句。根据上文的“你绝不会知道当你慢慢走神的时候，你会想到什么样的精彩主意”，因此，要准备好把你的想法记录下来。由此可知，G为正确选项。答案：G(5)例证关系前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程
39、主要有归纳(从例子到观点)和演绎(从观点到例子)两种情况。【典例8】(2016全国卷).A code uses symbols to replace words，phrases，or sentences.To read the message of a real code，you must have a code book._39_.For example，“bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me”.F.W
40、ith a code book，you might write down words that would stand for other words.解析：细节句。上句指出：要解读某个真实密码的信息，你必须要有密码本。本句是对上句的解释说明，结合下文举到的例子，可推断出本句主要解释如何利用密码本来破解隐藏起来的信息。F项符合语境，意为“拥有了密码本，你也许就能写出代表其他单词的单词。”答案：F(三)段尾题1段落总结类假如挖空出现在段尾，通常是所在段的结论和概括。解题时注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的关联词，如：therefore，as a result，thus，in short，t
41、o sum up，to conclude，in a word等。2有时挖空在段尾的空格可以起到承上启下的作用，即通过空格把本段与下一段有机地结合起来。这时，我们不光要看空格前的句子，对于下一段的内容也要特别关注。【典例9】(2017全国卷).Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends.If youre tired out by Friday night，sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful.But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week，a recent study found._39_.F.Stick to your set bedtime and wakeup time，no matter the day.解析：解本题可利用句意判断法。由本段首句可知本段主题是“在周末要坚持(执行)你的睡觉和起床时间表”，与此主题符合的只有F项“坚持你设定的就寝和起床时间，不管是哪天”。本设空类型属于段落总结类。答案：F