1、Unit 4 Astronomy：The science of the stars1. spreadvt.&vi. 展开,铺开;散布;扩大;延伸The bird spread its wings. 那只鸟展开了翅膀。Flies spread disease. 苍蝇传播疾病。 常用结构:spread sth. with sth. 用抹/涂/铺spread .on .把抹/涂/铺在be spread for摆好（桌子）准备spread oneself口舒展四肢(躺下)spread out张开，伸开，铺开，展开，伸长高手过招单项填空Paper making began in China and to
2、 Europe.(200912河南郑州检测)A. Spread B. grewC. Carried D. developed解析:选A。句意为：造纸术起源于中国，又传播到了欧洲。spread传播。 2. method n. 方法He has introduced a new method of teaching.他引进了一种新的教学方法。What is the most effective method of birth control?控制出生率的最有效的方法是什么？联想拓展by this means=in this way=with this method用这种方法易混辨析method/m
3、eansmethod侧重“理论方法”，指做某事的具体步骤或程序。a new teaching method一种新的教学方法means（单复数同形）侧重“通过手段”或“利用工具”去达到某种目的。 高手过招选词填空(method/means)（原创）The quickest of travel is by plane.She has a very scientific of dealing with political problems.答案：meansmethod3. harmfuladj. 有害的常用结构:do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 对某人有害mean no harm
4、 无意伤害别人;没有恶意harm ones image/reputation 损害某人的形象/名声do more harm than good 弊大于利There is no harm in (sb.s) doing sth.=It does no harm (for sb.) to do sth. (某人) 做某事无害处be harmful to 对有害harm n.&v. 损害，伤害Smoking is harmful to your health. 吸烟有害健康。高手过招单项填空He is a nice dog. He wont do you any .（原创）A. ill B. bit
5、e C. hurt D. harm解析:选D。考查固定搭配。do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 表示“对某人有害”。句意为：这是一条温顺的狗，它不会伤害你。故选D。4. mass n. 质量；团；块；大量；(前加the) 群众A liter of gas has less mass than a liter of water.1公升气体的质量少于1公升水的质量。She has a mass of things to do.她有一大堆的事情要做。The masses have boundless creative power.人民群众有无限的创造力。常用结构:be a mass
6、 of 遍体是; 充满了in mass 全部, 全体; 整个地 in the mass 总体上;总的说来 the (great) mass of 大多数, 大部分masses of sth.大量的东西高手过招单项填空The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took pictures of them. (200912安徽合肥检测)A. many of B. masses ofC. the number of D. a large amount of 解析:选B。句意为：年轻的舞蹈家们穿着美丽的
7、衣服看起来很迷人，因此我们给他们拍了许多照片。masses of=lots of，后跟复数名词。5. pull v. 拉，拖，拔；移动n.拉，拖；牵(引)力You push and Ill pull. 你来推，我来拉。 I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round.我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。常用结构:pull ahead (of sb./sth.) 领先于（某人/物）pull (sb.) back（使某人）退却；撤回（某人）pull off (sth.)（指机动车辆）驶离（道路至路侧停车处停下）pull out (sth.) 拉掉；使分离；掏出
8、；驶离（车站）pull on 穿，戴上（袜子、手套等）pull together 同心协力；通力合作高手过招用pull相关短语的适当形式填空（原创）I arrived as the last train was .He a gun and aimed at the criminal.So long as we , theres no mountain top we cant conquer.答案：pulling outpulled outpull together6. cheervt. & vi. (使)高兴、振奋；(对)欢呼The crowd cheered loudly as the Qu
9、een appeared.女王出现时群众高声欢呼。He was greatly cheered by the news.他听到这个消息非常高兴。常用结构:cheer sb. on为某人加油cheer (sb.) up（使某人）更高兴；（使）振奋起来联想拓展cheerful adj.高兴的 cheerless adj.不高兴的；阴冷的高手过招用cheer相关短语的适当形式填空（原创）Your visit has greatly him up.The crowd the runners as they started the last lap.You look as though you need
10、 up.答案：cheeredcheered; oncheering7. puzzle vt.&vi.（使）迷惑；（使）苦思n.迷；难题puzzled adj. 无法了解的；困惑的puzzling adj. 令人费解的Her reply puzzled me.她的回答把我弄糊涂了。Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.他们为什么要那样做此事我仍感到莫名其妙。常用结构：sb. be puzzled by sth.某人对感到迷惑puzzle about/over sth.对某事感到迷惑puzzle ones brain冥思苦想；绞尽脑汁s
11、olve a puzzle解决一个难题高手过招用puzzle的适当形式填空To explain the findings, he offers two theories.I that I havent heard from Liz for so long.She listened with a expression on her face.No one has yet succeeded in explaining the of how life began.答案：puzzlingam puzzledpuzzledpuzzle8. exist vi. 存在，生存existence n. 存在D
12、oes life exist on Mars?火星上有生命吗？I can hardly exist on the wage Im getting.我靠自己挣的工资简直难以糊口。常用结构：exist+prep. 存在于某地方exist on sth. 靠某物生存高手过招用exist相关短语的适当形式填空This plant only Australia.Can you such a low salary?I doubt the of alien.答案：exists; inexist onexistence重点短语9. in time意为“及时”时相当于early enough, soon eno
13、ugh;意为“终于，早晚”时相当于sooner or later。 We got to the station just in time to catch the bus.=We got to the station just in time for the bus.我们到达车站时，刚好赶上了那班汽车。The doctor came in time to save her life. 医生及时赶来救了她的命。Youll succeed in time if you keep on working hard.假若坚持努力下去，你迟早会成功的。联想拓展be in time for sth./be
14、in time to do sth. 对于某事是及时的/及时做某事ahead of time提前；提早all the time一直；始终at one time曾经；一度at a time一次at times 有时at the same time同时；然而；可是from time to time不时；偶尔in no time立刻；马上take ones time不急，慢慢来time and time again一次又一次；一再 高手过招单项填空I was disappointed in time when I didnt pass the examinations.Dont be so disc
15、ouraged. Youll be successful in time. (200912河南平顶山检测)A./; / B. a; a C./; a D. a; /解析:选D。句意为：我没通过考试那段时间我很失望。别灰心。你迟早会成功的。第一个空考查的是when 引导的定语从句，表示在某段时间里，故应用in a time。而第二个空表示“迟早”，故用in time。10. prevent .from 阻止；制止The heavy rain prevented us from going there.这场大雨使我们没能到那里去。易混辨析prevent/stop/keep/protectpreve
16、nt, stop, keep与protect四者的常见结构为：prevent .(from) doing sth.；stop .(from) doing sth.；keep .from doing sth.; 均表示“阻止做某事”。上述三个结构中，在主动语态中stop 与prevent后可省去from，但在被动语态中不可省略; 而keep .from .中的from在任何情况下都不能省略。另外，protect .from .表示“保护不受侵袭；阻挡；防御”。from后接能带来伤害或损害的事物。This plan will be kept from being carried out.这个计划将
17、被阻止实施。高手过招单项填空Some policemen should be sent to them the trees. （原创）A. prevent; to cut down B. stop; cutting downC. keep; to cut down D. keep; cutting down 解析:选B。句意为：应该派一些警察去阻止他们砍伐树木。keep/prevent/stop . from doing sth.阻止做某事,其中keep .from doing sth. 中的from不可省略。故选B。11. break out 突发；爆发（无被动语态）Trouble may
18、break out at any moment.灾难在任何时候都可能突然发生。When did the war break out? 战争什么时候爆发的？It was at midnight that a fire broke out.在午夜时分发生了一起大火。联想拓展break away from 脱离（政党等）；打破（陈规等）break down 出故障；（计划等）失败；（身体、精神等）垮掉break in 破门而入，闯入；打断（话语）等break into 破门而入；突然起来break off 折断；突然中止；断绝；结束break through 突破break up 敲碎；放假；散会易
19、混辨析come about/happen/take place/break out/occurcome about 发生，相当于happen, take place。后面不可以接宾语，也不可以使用被动语态。happen 强调偶然发生。take place 指按计划、安排发生；举行break out 多用于指战争、火灾、疾病、疫情的突然爆发。occur 常用于句式： sth. occurs to sb. 某事发生在某人身上。高手过招用break相关短语的适当形式填空 （原创）A terrible tsunami in the southeastern countries of Asia at C
20、hristmas, 2004.When do you for Christmas?Negotiations between the two sides have .His house was last week. 答案：broke outbreak upbroken downbroken into12. block out 挡住（光线）That wall blocks out all the light.那堵墙把光线都遮住了。联想拓展burst out 大声喊叫;突然起来go out 外出；过时；熄(灯)put out 关(灯)；扑灭；生产come out 出现，显露；出版;结果是help o
21、ut 帮助解决难题(或摆脱困境)look out留神；注意watch out 注意；提防；向外看find out 找出，查明，发现pick out挑出;辨认出，分辨出 speak out 大声地说;大胆地说think out仔细思考(某事)；想出（主意等） hang out 挂出;闲逛knock out (拳)击中，击倒，打昏sell out 售完(某种货物)，脱销turn out 结果证明是run out (of) 用完，耗尽check out 结账离去，办妥手续离去give out 分发（试卷等）；发出（光、热等）；用尽；耗完；筋疲力尽 高手过招用out相关短语的适当形式填空（原创）At
22、the end of the race his legs and he collapsed on the ground.It s easy to him in a crowd because he is very tall. His new book will next month.We thought it was going to rain; it to be a fine day.We of/from our hotel at 5 a.m. to catch a 7 a.m. flight.答案：gave outpick; outcome outturned outchecked out
23、13. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. 随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到3845 亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。What it was to become .是what 引导的主语从句，what 在从句中作become 的宾语。What surprised everybody was that he didnt come to the meeting. 使大家惊奇的是他
24、竟没有参加会议。What he did added to our difficulty. 他所做的增加了我们的困难。 “be+动词不定式”在本句中表示按照计划、安排将要发生的动作。When are they to hand in their plan? 他们的计划什么时候交上来？You are to do your homework before you watch TV.你得做完了作业才能看电视。联想拓展“be+to”还可以表示以下含义：表示可能性，相当于can,主要用于疑问句和否定句。表示命令，意为“必须，不得不”，意思等同于must, have to，表示假设。表示“命运注定”，通常用于
25、过去时。How am I to know what has become of him?我怎么知道他的遭遇如何呢？Certain skills must be learned if one is to use English well.如果想要用好英语，某些技巧是必须学的。He was never to see his wife again.他注定再也见不到他妻子了。Were we to offer you more money, would you stay?如果我们给你加钱，你愿意留下吗？高手过招单项填空In dry weather the flowers will have to be
26、watered if they . （原创）A. have survived B. are to surviveC. would survive D. will survive解析:选B。考查真实条件句。are to survive在此处并不表示将来，而表示“期望”。 14. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。twice as .as . 是的
27、两倍联想拓展英语中的倍数表达法：倍数+as +adj./adv.+as 是的几倍倍数+adj./adv.的比较级+ than 比(多/大)几倍倍数+ the +表示长度/高度/宽度等的名词+ of是长度/高度/宽度的几倍，此结构中常用的名词有：size, height, weight, length, width, depth等。This ruler is three times as long as that one.=This ruler is twice longer than that one. =This ruler is three times the length of that
28、 one.这把尺子是那把的三倍长。There are four times as many students as we expected. 到的学生是我们预计的五倍。 高手过招(1)翻译句子 （原创）这个房子是那个的三倍大。(2)完成句子到的客人是我们预计的两倍。There are we expected .答案：(1)This house is three times as big as that one./This house is twice bigger than that one./This house is three times the size of that one.(2)twice as many guests as