1、第2讲 Unit 1 Breaking records语法篇_1. 掌握主语定义及常用词；2. 掌握主语从句的运用；3. 利用所学语法知识书面表达；一. 主语定义及构成主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式，动名词，词组或句子等充当。二. 分类讲解1. 名词做主语1）The doctor looked over Mrs. Brown very carefully. 2）China does not want to copy the USAs example. 3）A mooncake is a delicious, round cake.4）The first truc
2、k is carrying a few baskets.5）The temperature will stay above zero.2. 代词作主语1）He is a teacher.2）I dont know if it will grow.3）Thats a bit expensive.4）Youd better buy a new pair. 5）Im afraid we havent got any black shoes.6) it作主语: 往往指代时间, 天气, 日期, 度量衡等; 或指代前面所提到的事物; 或未知的人等。例如：a. Look at the house, its
3、new.b. Its my fault.c. Its five oclock.d. It is raining heavily outside.3. 数词做主语1) One and two is three. 2) One is not enough for me. I want one more. 3) One of them is English. 4) Suddenly one of the bags fell off the truck. 5) Two will be enough.4. 不定式作主语: 动词不定式表示比较具体的意义,经常和特定的动作和执行者联系起来,经常带时间或地点状
4、语,有时表示将要发生的动作。1) To master a foreign language is no easy job.2) To do it well is my earnest desire.3) To see this film is to waste time.4) To solve this problem is out of the question.*动词不定式作主语时,常见的另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语,而将动词不定式移到谓语之后作真正主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词,动词和名词。如：1)形容词作表语(常见的形容词有：important, difficult,
5、 easy等) It is foolish to act in this way.2)动词作谓语(常见的动词有：require, cost, amuse等)It didnt occur to me to ask him to help me.3) 名词作表语:It is a good idea to think this way.5. 动名词作主语1) Being happy is better than being king.2) Worrying never does anyone good.3) Yaomings rejoining in the team makes the teamm
6、ate excited. (动名词作主语, 前面可加代词或名词的所有格做其逻辑主语。)4) Collecting stamps is a good hobby.5) Swimming is a best sport in summer. （动名词表示比较抽象(一般)和经常性的意义,有时可同不定式互换。）6）There is no telling what will happen.7) There is no denying the fact.8) There is no need informing him of it.9) 形容词作表语 (常见的形容词有：enjoyable, good, h
7、ard, worthwhile)It is nice talking to you.10) 名词作表语Its a waste of time doing this. （在句首用先行代词it作形式主语面将动名词短语移至谓语之后作真实主语。）*主语为动词不定式和动名词时, 其谓语常用单数形式。如：To give is better than to receive. It was difficult to see.Its best to wear cool clothes. Playing is much better than having classes.6. 词组作主语1） Early to
8、bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.2） The rich should contribute more to the world welfare.3） From 1990 till to 2003 is a long period of time.4） From Beijing to Guangzhou is a long distance .7. 从句作主语1） That he will come here on Wednesday is certain.2） Whether he will come he
9、re on Wednesday is not certain.* It作形式主语a. It is no good/ no use/ useless doing sth.例如：It is no use crying while the milk is split out.b. It is +adj.+of /for sb. to do例如：It is wise of him to carry out the plan of recycling the waste. It is difficult for me to run 800 meters in 3minutes.c. It is repo
10、rted/known to all/ announced/ said.that从句 例如：It is reported that Liuxiang quited the competition because he got injured in the leg.1. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. for解析： 分析题干，it是形式主语，从句句意完整只用that起引导作用是真正的主语。答案：B。2. _ breaks the law will be punished. A.
11、Who B. Whoever C. No matter who D. Anyone解析： 分析题干及选项，句子主语为“_ breaks the law”，从而判断C、D不对；who指固定“谁（人）”，因此选B。答案：B。 3. Tomsmotherkepttellinghimthathemustntsmoke, but_didnthelp.A. he B. which C. it D. they解析： 分析题干，含有but的并列句缺少主语，而且可以代替前面整句话内容，用it。答案：C。4. _youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness. A. What B. If C.
12、That D. Whether解析： 分析题干，主语为“_youdontlikehim”，从句句意完整，排除A；根据句意选C。答案：C。5. Theyliveonabusymainroad._mustbeverynoisy. A. There B. It C. That D. They解析：根据句意，it代替上句中main road作主语。答案：B。6. _ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever解析：分析题干及选项，句子主语为“_ has he
13、lped to save the drowning girl”，从而判断B、C不对；who指固定“谁（人）”，因此选D。答案：D。基础演练A指出下列句中主语或主语中心词1. The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.2. There is an old man coming here.3. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.4. To do todays homework without the teachers help is
14、 very difficult.5. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 6. We often speak English in class. 7. One-third of the students in this class are girls.8. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.9. Smoking does harm to the health. 10. The rich should help the poor. 11
15、. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 12. It is necessary to master a foreign language.Keys： 1. teacher 2. man 3. dictionary 4. To do 5. music 6. We 7. One-third of the students 8. To swim 9. Smoking 10. The rich 11. When we are going to have an English text 12. It (to ma
16、ster a foreign language)B1. It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.Awhich Bwhat Cthat Dif2. Its obvious to the students _they should get well prepared for their future.Aas Bthat Cwhich Dwhether3. _some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plug by many ot
17、hers.AWhether BWhat CThat DHow4. It is uncertain _side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.Athat Bhow Cwhat Dwhether5. _ Tom liked to eat was different from _.A. Thatthat you had expected B. What that you had expectedC. Thatwhat you had expected D
18、. Whatwhat you had expected6. _ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.do C. If.does D. That.does7. It _ Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that8. Its uncertain _ the experiment is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. how9. _ the
19、 boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which10. _ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what11. _ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether12. _ well go camping tomorrow depends o
20、n the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where13. _is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. That B. Why C. How D. Who14. _well finish translating the book depends on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. That15. _he wont go there is clear to all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. T
21、hisKeys：1-5 CBBAD 6-10 DDCAA 11-15 CBDAC巩固提高一. 完成句子。1. 你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。_ you will win the medal seems unlikely.2. 她来不来都无关紧要。_ she is coming or not doesnt matter too much.3. 我们无论做什么都是为人民服务。_ is to serve the people.4. 他们什么时候来还不知道。_ hasnt been made pubic.5. 众所周知,光沿直线传播。_ light travels in straight lines.
22、6. 鲸鱼不是鱼，这是常识。 _ the whale is not a fish.7. 他拒绝和你说话真是令人惊讶。It was really astonishing that _ .8. 没有赶上这趟火车没有关系，稍晚还有一趟。It does not matter_, because there is another later.二. 单项选择。1._ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever2. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gre
23、y.A. while B. that C. if D. for 3.When and why he came here _ yet.A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not known4. _ is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes late D. Being a few min
24、utes late5._the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.A. If B. Where C. That D. What6._you come or not is up to you.A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether7._makes mistakes must correct them.A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Anybody8._team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A
25、. Which B. That C. If D. How9._leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. WhoKeys：一. 1 That 2. Whether 3. Whatever we do 4. When they will come 5. It is known to all that 6. It is common knowledge that 7. he refused to talk to you 8. if I missed my train
26、二. 1-9 CBACBDCAC1. has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever2. It was he said disappointed me.A. what ; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; what3. well go camping tomorrow depends on the weatherA. If B. Whether C. That D. Where4. he said at t
27、he meeting surprised everybody present.A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter5. was to return to school.A. That really interested him B. What really interested himC. Which really interested him D. That interest him really6. _ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.A. That B. Why C. W
28、hat D. How 7. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather .A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 8._ is known to us all that America is a developed country .A. Which B. as C. What D. It 9. What I say _ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D. have10. Its known to us all _ a form of energy . A.
29、 water is B. that water is C. is water D. that water to 11. _is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. That B. Why C. How D. Who12. _ well finish translating the book depends on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. That13. _ the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrows
30、 meeting.A. If B. Where C. That D. What14. _ he wont go there is clear to all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This15. _ you come or not is up to you.A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether16. _ makes mistakes must correct them.A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Anybody17. _ team will win the match is a matter of
31、 public concern.A. Which B. That C. If D. How18. The problem is _will go to the meeting.A. why B. when C. what D. whoKeys:1-5 DABAB 6-10 ABDAB 11-15 DABCD 16-18 CDA_ 一. 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Brain DrainImagine you are sitting in your living room and out of surprise you get a call
32、from a friend. He tells you that hes gotten the student visa and is going to study abroad for higher education. His parents may feel it appropriate that their son is guaranteed to have a blight future and unbelievable job opportunities.1 While many people believe that immigration is a personal choic
33、e that must be understood and respected, others have realized a serious problembrain drain. Brain drain refers to the flow of highly skilled and educated people, such as doctors, engineers, scientists from less developed countries to developed countries.Brain drain has become a common social problem
34、.2 These reasons are “Push” factors(因素)and “Pull” factors. The push factors include low wages and lack of satisfactory working and living conditions, and so on. The pull factors, however, include higher pay and better working conditions, better job opportunities, as well as better research equipment
35、.As we can see, many educated people are heading for richer countries，seeking higher wages and better working conditions._ 3 It reduces the number of creative people who can contribute to the development of their country. Meanwhile, with more successful businessmen taking their money abroad, their c
36、ountries are missing an opportunity of wealth creation.4 Besides these economic effects, the brain drain has also social negative effects, such as the loss of improvement in research and technique.Therefore measures must be taken in less developed countries to avoid brain drain.5 Social developments
37、 like health services and education opportunities also need improving. Otherwise, less developed countries will face an uncertain future.A. Even you may start to admire his plans,B. This also reduces government tax income.C. Why should their motivations be seriously considered?D. This of course has
38、serious negative effects on their own countries.E. There should be more job opportunities for highly educated people.F. So it is important to find out the proper reasons behind the brain drain.G. Most of the measures taken so far have not reduced the effects of brain drain.二. 完型填空(2014东城二模)When I wa
39、s thirteen, one day my mom told my family that she had to tell us something. So my dad, my brother and I all sat down on the sofa to begin in the discussion. You could feel the 1 atmosphere of the room. It was 2 that something was wrong. Then my mom told us that she had been diagnosed（诊断）with a very
40、 serious disease. That was when we all had a moment of 3 and cried. After that my mom started the 4 and had to travel to the hospital every day. After a week, she began to lose her 5 and so shaved it all off. My mom would always wear bright-colored scarves and after a while 6 to buy a wig (假发). Alon
41、g with losing her hair she lost all her nails. 7 , I had never seen a desperate look in my moms eyes. I remember one day I went with my mom to the hospital. When we were 8 for her to receive the treatment, We kept telling jokes. We both burst out 9 from time to time. Everyone in the waiting room was
42、 so 10 , while we were in the middle of the room, chatting 11 . Neither of us eared 12 people thought of us.After about a year of treatment, and all the 13 .one day my mom said she wanted to tell us something important. As my mom was about to speak, a smile 14 on her face. At that moment I knew that
43、 it was going to be something very 15 . She told us that she had recovered! At that moment I 16 down in tears. They were tears of joy. At that moment for the first time in a very long time I had a feeling that everything was going to be 17 .Now two years has passed and my mom is 18 of the disease. I
44、 am so happy that I have my mom with the very step of the way. My mom 19 me to value every moment in my life and to remain 20 through thick or thin. She has taught me so much and continues to teach me more. 1.A. tenseB. calmC. friendlyD. cold2.A. necessaryB. commonC. obviousD. strange3.A. regretB. a
45、ngerC. sorrowD. hesitation4.A. appointmentB. treatmentC. operationD. observation5.A. hairB. weightC. energyD. hope6.A. likedB. offeredC. decidedD. afforded7.A. ThereforeB. HoweverC. BesidesD. Finally8.A. arrangingB. waitingC. wishingD. preparing9.A. cryingB. quarrelingC. talkingD. laughing10.A. down
46、B. overC. outD. off11.A. nervouslyB. curiouslyC. happilyD. gently12.A. whyB. whenC. whereD. what13.A. painB. failureC. adviceD. love14.A. turnedB. formedC. changedD. burst15.A. attractiveB. activeC. excitingD. amusing16.A. cameB. lookedC. bentD. broke17.A. fairB. clearC. readyD. line18.A. freeB. afr
47、aidC. awareD. sure19.A. askedB. taughtC. persuadedD. admitted20. A. determined B. modest C. independent D. positive三. 书面表达 (2014东城二模)第一节你的美国笔友Chris帮你买到了史蒂夫乔布斯的纪念邮票并随信寄来，请你根据以下提示给他回信。非常喜欢，表示感谢；回赠三张马年邮票；中国邮票展暑期在北京举办，邀请他参加。Dear Chris，YoursJoe第二节假设你是红星中学高二（1）班的学生李华，下面四幅图描述了你和父母去西安自助旅游的经过，请根据图片的先后顺序，给校刊“
48、英语园地”投稿。词数不少于60。Keys:一. AFDBE二. 1-5 ACCBA 6-10 CBBDA 11-15 CDABC 16-20 DDABD书面表达：第一节One possible version:Dear Chris，Thank you for the stamps of Steve Jobs! I like them very much. Its so nice to have a pen-friend who shares the same interest with me! Im sending you three Year of the Horse stamps, Hop
49、e youll like them. By the way, an exhibition of Chinese stamps will be held in Beijing this summer. Would you like to come and visit it with me? Im sure well find a lot of fun there!Looking forward to your early reply. Yours,Joe第二节One possible version:My parents and I made a tour to Xian during the
50、holiday. Instead of having a travel agency arrange our accommodation, we booked the train tickets and hotel room on the Internet by ourselves. During our tour in Xian, we went to many places of interest, took lots of pictures, and learned about the history of Xian. No tourist will miss the local food in Xian, nor will we. We enjoyed typical local foods, which tasted nice. After I returned, I couldnt wait to share the photos and experiences with my classmates. The trip to Xian has become a happy memory to me.