1、语法解读宾语补足语宾语补足语是英语句子结构中特有的一种句子成分，有的语法书上也把宾语+宾语补足语称为复合宾语，它是由动词句型所决定的。英语的动词中有一部分动词，后面只跟宾语时，句子的意思不完整，后面还必须有后续内容才能使句子完整，这个后续部分就叫宾语补足语。它的句式是：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。宾语和宾补之间的关系是逻辑上的主谓关系。例如：The good news made us excited.句中的excited就是宾补，宾语us和excited之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于：We were excited.一、宾语补足语表达法并不是什么词都能作宾语补足语。可以作宾补的有：1.名词/
2、代词We jokingly called him an absent-minded professor.（an absent-minded professor名词作宾补）我们戏称他为马大哈。You should try to make the knowledge yours.（yours代词作宾补）你应该尽力让这些知识成为你自己的。2.形容词/副词He proved himself worthy of trust.(worthy of trust形容词短语作宾补)他证明了自己是值得信赖的。Well get the argument over as soon as possible.(over副
3、词作宾补)我们会尽快让这场争论结束的。3.介词短语She likes keeping everything in good order.（in good order介词短语作宾补）她喜欢一切都弄得整整齐齐的。4.不定式We recommend you to take charge of the project.（to take charge of the project不定式短语作宾补）我们推荐你主持这项工程。5.现在分词/过去分词How can we set the whole thing going?(going现在分词作宾补)我们怎样才能让这个事情开展起来？Youd better hav
4、e all the windows closed before leaving.(closed过去分词作宾补)你最好在离开之前把所有的窗子都关上。二、常见的能跟宾语补足语的动词及句型在可以跟宾语补足语的动词中，它们所使用的句型也不都一样，有些只能跟形容词，副词；有些可以跟不定式，分词。这些动词句型必须要牢记才行。1.跟名词或代词作宾补的常见动词：call,name,make,elect,appoint,think,find,consider,leave,keep,etc.Can you name the flowers?I think him a fool.2.跟形容词、副词作宾补的常见动词：
5、make,paint,dye,get,set,keep,drive,find,want,hold,wish,like,turn,prove,think,believe,consider,leave,etc.Your remarks made her angry.Youd better set the bird free.3.跟不定式作宾补的动词比较多，它们又分成跟带“to”的不定式和跟不带“to”的不定式。1）带to的不定式的动词：tell,ask,want,expect,wish,require,order,cause,force,get,invite,beg,allow,help,enco
6、urage,advise,persuade,permit,remind,warn,etc.Who told you to do that?Id like to warn you not to do that again.2）不带to的不定式的动词：感官动词see,watch,notice,observe,hear,smell,taste,feel,etc.使役动词let,have,makeDid you see him steal into my office?He felt his heart beat faster.4.跟分词作宾补的动词：感官动词see,hear,notice,watch
7、,keep,find,get,have,feel,etc.Seeing me beaten severely,she couldnt help bursting into tears.Einstein found the door of study closed to him.5.部分短语动词也可以跟不定式、分词作宾补。listen to,look at,call on,wait for,depend on,etc.Dont depend on him to do anything well.Hes too careless.Im waiting for you to give me an i
8、mmediate answer.6.介词with也可以用于宾语+宾语补足语这一结构。充当宾补的可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词。With his roommate still awake,he decided not to take action.With nothing on,the emperor walked in front.With a strong man on each side,I just couldnt move a bit.You may go now,with all the work done.She felt very nervous,with so ma
9、ny people sitting in front of her.With nothing to do,he decided to take a walk outside.7.有一部分动词要用it作形式宾语，宾补的后面才是真正的宾语，不定式、动名词或that引起的名词性从句。主要用动词：make,feel,find,consider,take,think,etc.I feel it my duty to help those in poverty.Do you find it difficult to find a proper job now?Dont take it for grante
10、d that we can depend on our parents for everything.表示选择关系的并列连词英语中的并列连词一般可以分成四类：增补关系：and,both.and.,not only.but also,as well as,etc.因果关系：for,therefore,so,etc.转折关系：but,however,therefore,etc.选择关系：or,either.or.,neither.nor.本单元学习表示选择关系的两个连词either.or.和neither.nor.。either.or.“不是就是”；“既不也不”可以用来并列连接两个主语、谓语、宾语
11、、状语等，甚至两个句子。例如：Either you or he is to blame for the accident.(并列主语)You may either stay at home or go to the concert with me.(并列谓语)He is either a poet or a writer.(并列表语)You chose neither you nor me as your partner.(并列宾语)He will leave neither today nor tomorrow,but the day after tomorrow.(并列状语)Either
12、you are wise,or I am stupid.(并列两个句子)I neither heard from him from then on,nor did I hear of him.(并列两个句子)主谓一致主谓一致指的是：谓语动词要和主语在人称和数上保持一致，即：当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用单数形式。为了便于记忆，主谓一致可以分成下面的三大块。一、语法一致1.单个的单数可数名词、不可数名词、非谓语动词短语或从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：A teacher is someone who makes a living by teaching.Time is very
13、precious.To say is one thing and to do is another.Seeing is believing.What he said was wrong.2.any,some,every,no与-one,-thing,-body等构成不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Somebody is waiting for you.3.主语为each(.and each.),every(.and every.)，many a,more than one或 no修饰单数可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Each boy and each girl has the
14、 right to receive education.Every boy and(every)girl is eager to learn English.Many a boy and(many a)girl has made the same mistake.No teacher and(no)student was present.4.“主语+介词（短语）/连接词+名词/代词”作主语，谓语动词仍与前面的主语一致。常见的介词（短语）有with,together/along with,but,except,including,like,in addition to,besides,etc.常
15、见的连接词有as well as,rather than,as much as,no less than,more than等。例如：The bat together with the balls was stolen.Mary as well as her sisters likes the film.5.用and及both.and连接的并列主语，谓语动词常用复数形式。例如：She and my sister are good friends.Both I and my sister have been to Beijing.The worker and the writer are ove
16、r there.（指两个人）Whether to tell him the bad news and how to comfort him are what I am thinking about.（指两件独立的事）6.分数、百分数以及表示部分、全部的词（组）、多少之类的词修饰名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的形式要以中心名词或所指代的名词为准。这一类词常为all(of),most(of),half(of),the rest(of),part of等。如果所跟名词或所指代的名词为不可数名词或为单数可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果所跟名词为复数可数名词，则谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Two thi
17、rds of the students are from Jiangsu Province.Four fifths of the forest has been destroyed.7.强调句型中的谓语动词和主语要保持一致。例如：It is I who am to blame.It was they that were ready to help me in time of trouble.8.定语从句中的主谓一致由先行词决定。先行词为单数，定语从句中就用单数谓语动词；复数时，定语从句中的谓语动词就用复数形式。但是要注意，当先行词是one of+可数名词复数形式时，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数形
18、式；而当先行词是the only one of+可数名词复数形式时，定语从句的谓语动词要用单数。例如：He is one of the boys who have been chosen to take part in the contest.He is the only one of the boys who has been chosen to take part in the contest.9.所有格后如果省略名词，一般表商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。这类词有the doctors,my uncles,the bakers,the barbers,the teach
19、ers,Mr.Wangs等。例如：My uncles is far away from my school.10.a large quantity of/a good supply of/ a good store of等+可数名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：A large quantity of books has been bought for the poor village children.二、意义一致1.主语是people（人）,police（警察）,cattle（牛群）等集合名词，谓语用复数。例如：People are talking about the price
20、.The police are searching the woods for the thief.2.glasses(眼镜),clothes,trousers,shoes等成双成对构成一个整体的名词，谓语用复数。但是有数量词短语修饰时，视量词的数确定谓语动词的单复数。例如：The trousers are worn out.A pair of trousers has been sold out.Two pairs of trousers have been sold out.3.集体名词family,team,company,class,group,audience,club,commit
21、tee,crowd,government,pu-blic,crew,enemy,population等名词作主语时，若侧重整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若侧重其中成员，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Her family has moved to Shanghai.Her family are all fond of music.4.表示时间、距离、价值、数字等，通常视作一个整体，谓语常用作单数。例如：Twenty years is a long time to us.5.“the+形容词”作主语，如果表示一类人，谓语用复数；如果表示抽象概念，谓语用单数。例如： The rich are not alw
22、ays happier than the poor.The beautiful attracts more attention than the good.6.单复数同形的名词作主语，谓语动词的数一般根据意义来确定。这类名词有means, sheep,fish,deer,species等。例如：Every good means has been put forward.The twenty deer have been driven there.7.“a number of+可数名词的复数”（许多）作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；而“the number of+可数名词的复数”（的数字）作主语时
23、，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：A number of students were absent.The number of the workers in the factory is increasing.8.不定代词all,none,enough，half,most,a lot of,lots of,plenty of等作主语时或限定主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要视情况而定。例如：All that glitters is not gold.Since all are here,lets begin our meeting.Enough has been said about this prob
24、lem.I hope enough of you are prepared to help with the show.三、接近一致1.由or,either.or,neither.nor,not only.but also,nor,not.but,whether.or,nor等连接的主语，谓语动词与靠近的主语一致。例如：Either you or I am wrong.Are you or he to blame?Either you or he is to blame.2.There be.句型中，也遵循就近原则。例如：There is a desk and three chairs in
25、the room.There are three chairs and a desk in the room.There stand two big trees in their garden.跟踪练习.用括号内所给的连词，翻译下面的句子1.我们可以今天，或者后天去参观颐和园。(either.or.)2.不但庞贝，而且楼兰也代表了遗失的文明。(not only.but also.)3.英语和数学对我们来说，都是很重要的学科。(both.and.)4.她既没答应，也没有拒绝。她保持沉默。(neither.nor)5.会上，我们讨论了电脑游戏以及一些相关的问题。(as well as)答案:1.W
26、e can go to visit the Summer Palace either today or the day after tomorrow.2.Not only Pompeii but also Loulan represent the lost civilization.3.Both English and maths are very important to us.4.She neither agreed nor refused,but kept silent.5.At the meeting,we discussed computer games as well as som
27、e problems concerned.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空1.Is there anybody in the classroom?No,the teacher as well as the students _(go)to the playground.2.Not the teacher but the students_ (be)excited.3.Not even one of the hundred students who took the test _ (say)to have passed.4.Books of this kind _ (sell)well.5.The
28、 bread and butter _ (offer)to the two boys.6.It was Mike and Peter who_ (clean)the reading-room this time yesterday.7.My trousers (be)being washed.Whats more,this pair of trousers bought yesterday _ (be)to short for me.8.One hundred years _ (call)a century.9.No bird and no beast_（see）in the lonely i
29、sland.10.What we need_（be）good textbooks.答案:1.has gone2.are3.are said4.sell5.are offered6.were cleaning7.are;is8.is called9.is seen10.is.单项填空1.Because of my poor English Im afraid I cant make myself _.A.understandB.to understandC.understandingD.understood答案:Dmyself是understand的承受者，所以用过去分词作宾补。2.The mi
30、ssing boys was last seen_near the river.A.playingB.to be playingC.playD.to play答案:A本句用的是被动语态，see是感官动词，这时既可以用现在分词作主语补足语，也可以用带to的不定式作主语补足语，它们的区别是：前者表示看到的是动作的片段，后者表示看到的是动作的全过程。从句子的意思来看，看到失踪男孩在河边玩只能是片段，所以要用现在分词作主语补足语。3.Good morning.Can I help you?Id like to have this package_,madam.A.be weighedB.to be w
31、eighedC.to weighD.weighed答案:have的后面可以跟不定式、现在分词或过去分词作宾补。由于this package是weigh这个动词的承受者，所以要用过去分词。4.The teacher stood there,angry,with his arms_.A.to crossB.crossingC.crossedD.to be crossed答案:Cwith后的his arms是介词with的宾语，后面要跟宾补。his arms是cross这个动作的承受者，所以要用过去分词。5.The modern science can keep us_with latest new
32、s continuously.A.supplyB suppliedC.being suppliedD.supplying答案:Bkeep后面要跟现在分词或过去分词作宾补，另外us是supply这个动作的承受者，所以用过去分词。6.The sudden strong wind sent all the fallen leaves_in all direction.A.flyingB.flyC.to flyD.being flying答案:Asend表示“使”时，后面只能跟现在分词作宾补。7.His parents were killed in the cruel war, _.A.leave h
33、im an orphanB.keptC.gotD.set答案:C本题首先考查分词作状语，表示结果。由于是“他的父母死于战争”这件事情使得他成为孤儿，所以应该用现在分词作状语，表示主动；另外，leave的后面可以直接跟名词作宾补，所以答案为C。8.His words _ her so that she shouted like crazy.A.drove B.kept C.got D.set答案:A尽管keep,get的后面也可以跟形容词作宾补，但是从含义上看，本句表达的是“迫使”她这么做的，所以用drive更好。9.Please tell the player_football.A.how t
34、o practise playingB.practise playingC.what to practise playingD.to practise to playing 答案:Atell后面只能跟不定式作宾补，本句的含义是“如何”练习踢足球，所以不定式的前面要加how，这里不能用what，因为play的后面已经有宾语了。另外，practise的后面跟动名词作宾语。10.I knew he didnt listen to me,but I hoped to get him_in the suggestion.A.interestingB.to interestC.interestD.interested答案:D由于“对感兴趣”用的是be interested in.，同时get的后面有可以跟形容词作宾补，所以要用interested作宾补。