1、Section 单元要点复习.重点单词1chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n(公司或机构的)首领；酋长chiefly adv.主要地；首要地2puzzle n谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑puzzle over sth. 对某事(物)苦苦思索，仔细琢磨puzzle out 仔细考虑解决(难题等)puzzled adj. 感到困惑的puzzling adj. 令人困惑的be puzzled by 被迷惑3nearby adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近4defence n防御；保卫in defence (of)保卫；保护defend vt.保护；保卫defend agains
2、t抵御defend.from/against.保护免遭defend sb. by.通过为某人辩护defend oneself自卫；为自己辩解5surround vt.围绕；包围be surrounded by sb./sth.被某人/事包围surrounding adj.周围的surroundings n(pl.)环境in a surrounding area 在周围地区be situated/located in very pleasant surroundings位于优美的环境中6evidence n证据；证明(be) in evidence 明显的；显而易见evidenceevident
3、 adj.明显的be evident to sb.that.某人清楚It is evident that.显然7battle n战役；搏斗vi.&vt.搏斗；奋斗battle against/with.与斗争battle for为而斗争battle to do sth.奋力去做某事fight a battle打仗；作战win a battle打赢一场战争lose a battle输掉一场战争be half the battle成功了一半8charge n收费；指控；主管 vt.收费；控告；充电charge sb. with sth. 指控某人有罪charge sb. some money fo
4、r 因向某人要价in charge of 负责；主管；照料take charge of 管理；负责in the charge of 由管理/负责free of chargefor free免费9announce vt.宣布；通知；声称announce sth.to sb.向某人宣布announcement n声明；宣告announcer n广播员，告知者10amount n金额；数量the amount of不可数名词的数量a large/good/great amount of不可数名词大量的(作主语时谓语用单数)large/good/great amounts of不可数名词大量的(作主语
5、时谓语用复数)amount v总计，共计；相当于，等于amount to sth. 共计；相当于11approach n方法；途径；接近 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近an approach to(doing) sth.(做)某事的方法/途径the approach of sth.在快到的时候12generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的be generousgenerously adv.慷慨地；大方地13eager adj.热切的；渴望的be eager for.渴望be eager to do sth.渴望做某事be eager for sb. to do sth.渴望某人做
6、某事be eager that.热切希望eagerly adv.热切地eagerness n渴望“渴望”相关表达聚焦：be dying to do sth./for sth.be anxious to do sth./for sth.be keen on sth.be eager to do sth./for sth.be thirsty for sth.long to do sth./for sth.14greet vt.问候；迎接greet sb. with sth.以迎接某人greet sb./sth. with/as sth.(以某种方式)对做出反应greeting nC，U问候；pl
7、.祝贺；贺词15custom n风俗；习俗；习惯follow/keep up a custom 沿袭/保留风俗the custom of doing sth. 做某事的习惯It is the custom (for sb.) to do sth. 做(对某人来说)是一种风俗customers n顾客；客户16crowd n人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使拥挤a crowd of(crowds of)一群(成群)the crowd群众；百姓crowd around聚集在周围；聚拢crowd into sth.涌上心头crowd sb./sth. out把某人/物排挤在外be crowded w
8、ith充满；挤满.重点短语1lead to导致；造成导致/造成某人做某事2be similar to与相似be similar with在某方面类似stick to坚持object to反对agree to同意(建议、看法)see to料理，照看devote.to致力于，献身于be accustomed/used to习惯于pay attention to注意3according to按照；根据所说4break away (from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱break down破坏，粉碎；发生故障；感情崩溃；分类；划分；分解break in闯入；插话break out爆发；突然发生b
9、reak through冲破，突破break up分裂；分开break off中止；折断；打断5result in导致，造成，引起其近义词(组)有cause/bring about/lead toas a result因此，结果without result徒劳，毫无结果result from因产生；起因于as a result of由于，作为的结果6refer to涉及，谈到，提到，引证；查阅，参考refer.to.问询，归类，提交refer to.as把称作，把当作7belong to属于belong vi.“适合待在某处，放在某处”，没有含被动意味的过去分词用法。belongings n财
10、产，所有物，相关事物8be known as作为而出名；被称作be known forbe famous for 因而出名be known to sb.为某人所知be known by 根据了解9as well as同(一样也)；和；还10date back to追溯到，始于keep up to date 跟上时代up to date 最近的；跟上时代的out of date 过时的；废弃的11make up编造；形成；构成；补上；弥补make it 获得成功，成功到达make off 匆忙离开make out 明白，弄懂；看清，辨认清楚.重点句型1So what is the differe
11、nce between them；if any?如果有的话，那么它们之间有什么区别呢？这是一个主从复合句。主句是what is the difference between them，if any是从句。2Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.了解一点英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。这是一个简单句。句子的主语是Getting to know a little bit about British history，属于动名词作主语。3Finally，in the 20th
12、 century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，形成了今天的全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。这是一个主从复合句。主句是the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK，后面是which引导的非限制性定语从句，其中又包含了定语从
13、句we have today，修饰先行词the full name，因先行词the full name在后面的定语从句中作have的宾语，所以省略了关系代词that/which。4They use the same flay，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.他们使用同样的旗帜，被称为“英国国旗”，也有相同的货币和军事防御。这是一个简单句。known as the Union Jack是过去分词短语作后置定语。5They introduced the beginning
14、s of the English language，and changed the way people built houses.他们介绍了英语的起源，改变了人们建造房屋的方式。这是一个主从复合句。people built houses是定语从句，修饰先行词the way。6They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.他们在英国各地建造了城堡，并对法律制度进行了修改。这是一个简单句。句中的had castles built.是“have宾语宾补(done)”结构。7There i
15、s so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.关于英国有趣的历史和文化还有很多需要了解。这是一个简单句。There is/are.意为“有”。8Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.学习这个国家的历史将使你的游览更加愉快。这是一个简单句。主语是Studying the history of the country，make your visit muc
16、h more enjoyable是make的复合宾语结构：“make宾语宾补”。9The capital city London is a great place to start，as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.首都伦敦是一个很好的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，它的历史可以追溯到罗马时代。这是一个主从复合句。主句是The capital city London is a great place to start；后面是as引导的原因状语从句，其中
17、又包含了that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词city；dating all the way back to Roman times是现在分词短语作后置定语。10If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.如果你留心观察，你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过去和现在。这是一个主从复合句。If you keep your eyes open是if引导的条件状语从句；that you can see both its past and its pr
18、esent是that引导的宾语从句作动词find的宾语。11Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all，offering something for each of the senses.美丽的乡村让所有人兴奋和鼓舞，为每一种感官提供某种东西。这是一个简单句。offering something for each of the senses是现在分词短语在句中作伴随状语。12The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true
19、 feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。这是一个简单句。使用了“主系表”句型结构。后面with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle是with的复合结构。13With all this beauty，it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong
20、traditions that include music，dancing，and dining.有了这一切，爱尔兰发展出包括音乐，舞蹈和餐饮在内的强大传统也就不足为奇了。这是一个主从复合句。it是形式主语，后面是that引导的主语从句，其中又包含了that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词traditions。14To have a chance of experiencing this，stop by a village pub and relax with a glass of wine or a local beer.想要拥有体验的机会，去乡村酒吧吧，喝杯当地的葡萄酒或啤酒放松一下。这是一个简
21、单句。To have a chance of experiencing this是不定式短语作目的状语，后面是一个祈使句。15And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face，you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs firsthand.如果你把自己介绍给一个友好的人，你更有可能直接体验当地的文化和习俗。这是一个主从复合句。if you introduce yourself to a friendly face是if引导的条件状语从句，后面是主句。写作技巧点拨
22、描述性写作：景点介绍【题目要求】假设你是李华，你的美国笔友 Linda 今年暑假要来你所在的城市杭州旅游。请根据以下提示，给她写一封电子邮件，介绍一下杭州的基本情况。1杭州位于中国的东南部，面临东海，因美丽且历史悠久的西湖闻名于世；2无论你什么时候来这座现代化的城市，都会看到很多公园和名胜古迹环绕着西湖；3节假日或周末人们喜欢在西湖上划船，在树林里漫步，或者坐在草坪上野餐；4近些年来，杭州发生了很大变化。许多高楼大厦拔地而起，使杭州呈现出了新面貌。注意：1.词数80左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3电子邮件的开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数。参考词汇：草坪lawnDear Linda，I
23、am very glad to know that you will come to my cityHangzhou this summer vacation. Now Im writing to tell you something about it._Yours，Li Hua一、构思谋篇二、关键词语位于中国东南部lie in the southeast of China因而出名be famous for.发生take place呈现新面貌take on a new look来自国内外from home and abroad期盼look forward to三、连词成句1杭州位于中国的东南部
24、，面临东海。Hangzhou lies in the southeast of China and faces the East China Sea.2它以美丽且历史悠久的西湖闻名。It is famous for the beautiful West Lake which has a long history.3在过去的几年里，杭州发生了很大变化。 Great changes have taken place in Hangzhou during the past few years.4杭州呈现出了新面貌，每年都有大量来自国内外的游客到此旅游。 Hangzhou has taken on a
25、 new look and lots of tourists from home and abroad come to visit it every year.四、连句成篇Dear_Linda，I_am_very_glad_to_know_that_you_will_come_to_my_cityHangzhou_this_summer_vacation._Now_Im_writing_to_tell_you_something_about_it.Hangzhou lies in the southeast of China and faces the East China Sea. It i
26、s famous for the beautiful West Lake which has a long history. Whenever you come to this modern city, you will see many parks and places of interest around the West Lake. During holidays or on weekends, people like going boating on the lake, walking in the woods or sitting on the lawn to have a picn
27、ic. Great changes have taken place in Hangzhou during the past few years, with plenty of tall buildings built. Hangzhou has taken on a new look and lots of tourists from home and abroad come to visit it every year.Im looking forward to seeing you soon.Yours，Li_Hua亮点点评亮点一：本文是一封向笔友介绍旅游景点的电子邮件。首先交代写电子邮件的目的，然后从不同方面介绍杭州，最后表达希望，内容完整，层次清晰。亮点二：文中运用了很多高级的句式结构，是 which引导的定语从句；是 Whenever 引导的让步状语从句；是 with 的复合结构。这些复杂句式的运用体现了作者有很强的写作功底。亮点三：文中还运用了一些高级词汇，如lie in；be famous for；take place；take on a new look；from home and abroad等，体现了作者对词汇有很好的运用能力。
