1、Module 1British and American English主旨大意题之段落大意题(阅读理解)方法指导由于文章的结构不同,主题句出现的位置通常也不同:(1)采用归纳法撰写的段落,表述的事例在前,概括性的观点居后,主题句则位于段末。(2)运用演绎法撰写的段落,先提出观点,后举例论证,主题句则出现在段首。(3)如果作者采用事例观点事例的写作方式,则主题句出现在段落的中间。(4)如果文章没有明显的主题句,则根据内容的提示,通过逻辑推理,概括出主题句。做这类题时需快速阅读文章,找出各个段落的主题句。一般来说,说明文和议论文都有主题句,而且多位于文章的开头,有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。但有时
2、不能直接在文章中找到主题句,那么则需要在弄清段与段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容,具有高度的综合性和概括性,文章的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释、说明、论证或拓展。典例引领 A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-month-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common. After all, the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover th
3、e very nature of the physical world, and the baby is, well, just playing.right? Perhaps, but some developmental psychologists(心理学家)have argued that this “play” is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table. Each time the bowl of rice
4、 is pushed over the table edge, it falls to the groundand, in the process, it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact(相互作用):bowls of rice do not float in mid-air, but require support to remain stable. It is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the univ
5、erse;nor are they ever clearly taught it. Instead, babies may from an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact. Though their ranges and tools differ, the babys investigation and the scientists experime
6、nt appear to share the same aim (to learn about the natural world), overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic(are my observations what I expected?).Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this waythat they investiga
7、te human psychology and the rules of language using similar means. For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has,
8、for example, unlike the child, Mommy actually doesnt like Dove chocolate.Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psyc
9、hologists have suggested that science as an effortthe desire to explore, explain, and understand our worldis simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution(进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of
10、the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive(认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, “It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”1
11、.According to some developmental psychologists,.A.a babys play is nothing more than a gameB.scientific research into babies games is possibleC.the nature of babies play has been thoroughly investigatedD.a babys play is somehow similar to a scientists experiment2.We learn from Paragraph 2 that.A.scie
12、ntists and babies seem to observe the world differentlyB.scientists and babies often interact with each otherC.babies are born with the knowledge of object supportD.babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do3.Children may learn the rules of language by.A.exploring the physical worldB.inve
13、stigating human psychologyC.repeating their own experimentsD.observing their parents behaviors4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A.The world may be more clearly explained through childrens play.B.Studying babies play may lead to a better understanding of science.C.Children may have greate
14、r ability to figure out things than scientists.D.Ones drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.5.What is the authors tone when he discusses the connection between scientists research and babies play?A.Convincing.B.Confused.C.ConfidentD.Cautious.方法运用 语篇解读科学家和六个月的婴儿有可比性吗?很多人肯定认为两者
15、是完全没有关联的,但作者认为实际上两者的关联度很大。1.D细节理解题。从文章第一段的“.but some developmental psychologists(心理学家) have argued that this play is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.”可知,一些发展心理学家认为,婴儿的游戏很大程度上类似于科学家的实验,所以选D项。2.D推理判断题。 从第二段“.in the process, it brings out important evidence about.the babys inv
16、estigation and the scientists experiment appear to share the same aim.”推断可知,婴儿的游戏过程也类似于一个科学研究的过程,故选D项。 3.C推理判断题。 从第三段“.they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means.”可知,孩子们通过不停地尝试他们自己的“实验”来习得语言规则,C项是最佳答案。4.B主旨大意题。从最后一段“Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn.”可知,我们可以把科学研究的过程看成另一种小孩子的游戏过程,所以研究孩子们的游戏过程有助于更好地理解科学,所以B项正确。5.D观点态度题。 从全文,特别是最后一段的“Perhaps evolution(进化) provided.as children.”可知,作者的态度还是很谨慎的,所以选D项。