1、OverviewReview1,对上次课内容的回顾2，对上次课作业的评讲教案撰稿人完稿时间2011-9-29审核人审核时间课程进度第5次课课程标题阅读与虚拟语气教学目标1，明确2011年阅读的题型及题材2,掌握虚拟语气的用法教学安排一览事项时间1复习上次课的内容5分钟 2批改并讲评上次课的家庭作业10分钟3引入本课内容- 10分钟4讲解重点考点及相关习题60分钟5课堂巩固练习及评讲30分钟678910IntroductionHandout 1 Vocabulary and Grammar一Complete the sentences with the given words in their
2、proper forms.1. A new highway is _(construction); it will help this small village a lot.2. We learn many things by_(imitate).3. His_（propose）that we should raise more for the earthquake victims has been accepted. 4. When_(completion), this building will be the tallest one in Asia.5. Jack is learning
3、 Chinese in Beijing University, and his dream is to be a famous_(journal)working in China.二Fill in each blank with an expression from the box in its proper form.In advance in connection with be representative of be under way pull down the symbol of in celebration of 1. If you want to want to visit B
4、eijing during the Spring Festival, you have to book your train ticket_2. The serious earthquake _ most of the houses in this town.3. A new underground railway_ now, which will bring another 4. Traditionally, the Chinese let off fireworks_ the lunar Chinese new year.5. If this _the general quality of
5、 your work, I am not satisfied with it at all.6. It is believed that ox is _honesty, diligence and patience.7. The man _ the robbery last month is being wanted by the police now.三Complete the sentence according to the Chinese given. 1.The government_ to prevent the financial the financial crisis fro
6、m spreading (正在采取有效地措施)2. what we should do now is try our best to _ as soon as possible(把这个计划付诸实践)3. He is used to _(被别人支配)4. Can you help me to find a house which_ ?(位于车站附近)5. You dont see animals_ at a zoo(生活在自然环境中)6.Mr.Smith proposed that we _(再次讨论)7._, it is very important to keep clean.(在危险的时候
7、)8.In Sichuan province, many new buildings_ since last year(已在建设之中)四Translation 1. 青少年喜欢模仿巨星们的生活方式（imitate） _ 2.上海被认为是中国人口最多的城市（recognize） _ 3.悉尼歌剧院既是艺术中心，又是旅游胜地（both） _- 4.鸟巢在2008年奥运会之后成了北京有代表性的建筑之一（representative） _ 5.大多数人同意给这两只大熊猫以“团圆”这个美好的愿望命名（name） _Presentation (1) 阅读分析请认真的分析下列表格：文章选材（表一）年份完型填
8、空阅读A阅读B阅读C选标题简答题2011商业小故事生物考古新闻商业2010艺术创作小故事商业天文医药教育2009心理学小故事旅游科技心理学语言学习字数统计（表二）年份完型填空阅读A阅读B阅读C快速阅读/阅读D（09年）语篇简答/选标题（09年）总数201139731231639244732221862010395337236376384314204220093482582742514363611928语篇理解试题类型（表三）年份判定细节题归纳主旨题上下文推理题文中指代题2011712120106221解析： 对于今年的高考，许多同学反映阅读难度比较大。这其实符合了近几年上海高考英语的命题思路，
9、即“立足语篇”。自2010年开始，上海高考英语阅读理解部分的分值固定在50分，其中包括了四大题型：完型填空（15分）、语篇理解（22分）、快速阅读（5分）、语篇简答（8分）。而语篇简答题是2010年开始采用的新题型，_从（表一）可以看出，近三年阅读篇目的题材包罗万象，从_。随之而来的问题就是语篇中可能出现较多考生不熟悉的词汇。值得注意的是，在2010年和今年的考题中，都出现了_话题。题材的广泛性顺应了目前一些国际英语考试（如托福和雅思）的趋势选用原汁原味的文章，强调语言的真实性和应用性。当然，要读懂地道的英语文章，对我们来说是一个不小的挑战。从（表二）可以看出，2009年至2011年的考试，阅
10、读部分文章字数的总量比较稳定，大约在2000字上下，尽管此数据呈逐年上升趋势。考生面临的问题是，需要在考场上阅读更多的语言素材。这就意味着在平时训练中，学生应该有意识地培养自己的阅读速度，以免到了考场上出现来不及读的状况。就特定的篇目而言，近三年并无明显的变化，只是完型填空、语篇理解中的阅读C篇、快速阅读等篇目字数较多，需要学生沉住气，淡定面对。而就（表三）来说，语篇理解的出题方式近两年基本保持稳定。很明显，细节题占了绝大多数的分值（1214分），紧随其后的是推理题，同学们对于这两类题应该比较了解。很多同学看到归纳主旨题（包括选定语篇篇名）比较头痛，幸好的是，这个题型在每年的试卷中出现的频率不
11、高。今年的完型填空是一篇_文章，讲的是留住老客户的重要性。文章共15小题，其中13个小题（除54题和60题以外，因为这两题基于词组搭配，即in constantly changing markets和customer loyalty，其他搭配非常罕见）都需要通过上下文的理解才能选出正确答案，2010年的考题也有类似的情况，这就很好地体现出“立足语篇”的命题宗旨，要求考生_把握，减少了蒙对的可能性。很多题给出的四个选项都可以和文中临近的词搭配，如59题，可以说huge profits, potential profits, extra profits, reasonable profits。显而
12、易见，考察的并不是搭配，而是上下文的逻辑关系。因为本题说到客人首次购买产品或服务的经历不愉快，造成了商家损失了之后很多潜在（未得到的）的利益。第62题是一道比较难的题目，established customers可以解释为“_”。考生如果对商业非常陌生，很难把这层意思和老顾客联系起来。第63题也是一道难题，这个格子前后并没有明显的呼应内容。不过，根据上下文判断，应当填一个贬义词，因为前面有一个less。使用排除法后，只有price sensitive是商家眼中的坏事情，消费者对价格敏感，这就意味着商家很难涨价。另外，很多同学反映今年的语篇简答题比较难。从题目类型来看，绝大多数考察的是捕捉细节的
13、能力。只有第82题，对考生的归纳总结能力要求比较高，考生要在规定字数内答对题是需要好好动动脑筋的。就第83题而言，考生的问题往往出现在答案不完整上，只说到its operation seemed more difficult，但可能遗漏and less satisfying，造成扣分。总而言之，今年的高考有选材广泛、词汇要求高、能力要求高等特点。给后来者的启示是：大量广泛的阅读，不要拘泥于某一个题材；做好生词的记录，并温故知新；做一定量的习题（特别是真题），磨练阅读和解题技巧，如：skimming and scanning, guessing from the context等。Focused
14、 PracticeHandout 2 2011年阅读部分Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (
15、留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 50 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 51 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, manager
16、s tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business 52 that the customer remains a customer. 53 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses betwe
17、en 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing 54 , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 55 i
18、mplications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 56 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to 57 increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.In the US, Dominos Pizza estimates that a regula
19、r customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 58 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 59 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience)
20、.The logic behind cultivating customer 60 is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 61 them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship
21、 between retaining customers and making profits. 62 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 63 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 64 for competitors to en
22、ter a market or increase their share of a market.50. A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of all51. A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe52. A. denyingB. ensuring C. arguing D. proving53. A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing54. A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses55
23、. A. culture B. social C. financial D. economical56. A. promise B. plan C. mistake D. difference57. A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget58. A. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary59. A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable60. A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. in
24、terest61. A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D. attracting62. A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D. Unexpected63. A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive64. A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenientSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is fol
25、lowed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AThe teacher who did the most to encourage me was, as it happened, my aunt. She was My
26、rtle C. Manigault, the wife of my mothers brother Bill. She taught in second grade at all-black Summer School in Camden, New Jersey.During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouraged me to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what was considered practical or possible for black
27、 females. I liked to sing; she listened to my voice and pronounced it good. I couldnt dance; she taught me the basic dancing steps. She took me to the theatre not just childrens theatre but adult comedies and dramasand her faith that I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed.My aunt also t
28、ook down books from her extensive library and shared them with me. I had books at home, but they were all serious classics. Even as a child I had a strong liking for humor, and Ill never forget the joy of discovering Don Marquiss Archy & Mehitabel through her.Most important, perhaps, Aunt Myrtle pro
29、vided my first opportunity to write for publication. A writer herself for one of the black newspapers, she suggested my name to the editor as a “youth columnist”. My column, begun when I was fourteen, was supposed to cover teenage social activitiesand it didbut it also gave me the freedom to write o
30、n many other subjects as well as the habit of gathering material, the discipline of meeting deadlines, and, after graduation from college six years later, a solid collection of published material that carried my name and was my passport to a series of writing jobs.Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthu
31、siastic supporter of her “favourite niece”. Like a diamond, she has reflected a bright, multifaceted (多面的) image of possibilities to every pupil who has crossed her path.65. Which of the following did Aunt Myrtle do to the author during her childhood and youth?A. She lent her some serious classics.
32、B. She cultivated her taste for music.C. She discovered her talent for dancing. D. She introduced her to adult plays.66. What does Archy and Mehitabel in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?A. A book of great fun. B. A writer of high fame.C. A serious masterpiece. D. A heartbreaking play.67. Aunt Myrtle r
33、ecommended the author to a newspaper editor mainly to _.A. develop her capabilities for writing B. give her a chance to collect materialC. involve her in teenage social activities D. offer her a series of writing jobs68. We can conclude from the passage that Aunt Myrtle was a teacher who _.A. traine
34、d pupils to be diligent and well-disciplinedB. gave pupils confidence in exploiting their potentialC. emphasized what was practical or possible for pupils.D. helped pupils overcome difficulties in learningBHumpback whalesHumpback whales are sometimes called performers of the ocean. This is because t
35、hey can make impressive movements when they dive. The name “humpback”, which is the common name for this whale, refers to the typical curve shape the whales back forms as it dives. Sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantastic movement, known as a breach. During breaching the whale uses its powe
36、rful tail flukes to lift nearly two-thirds of its body out of the water in a giant leap. A breach might also include a sideways twist with fins stretched out like wings, as the whale reaches the height of the breach. A humpback whale breathes air at the surface of the water through two blowholes whi
37、ch are located near the top of the head. It blows a double stream of water that can rise up to 4 meters above the water. The humpback has a small dorsal fin located towards the tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back. Other distinguishing features include large pectoral fins, which may
38、 be up to a third of the body length, and unique black and white spots on the underside of the tail flukes. These markings are like fingerprints: no two are the same. Humpback whales live in large groups. They communicate with each other through complex “songs”.Quick FactsSize:14m18m in length3050 t
39、ons in weightLiving Open ocean and shallow coastline watersEnvironment:From warm tropical (热带的) waters, where they breed, to cold polar waters, where they eat.Diet:Shellfish, plants and fish of small sizeHunting:Sometimes in groups, in which several whales form a circle under the water, blowing bubb
40、les that form a “net” around a school of fish. The fish are then forced up to the surface in a concentrated mass.Current state:endangered; it is estimated that there are about 50007000 humpback whales worldwide.69. According to Quick Facts, a humpback whale _.A. cannot survive in waters near the sho
41、re B. doesnt live in the same waters all the timeC. lives mainly on underwater plants D. prefers to work alone when hunting food70. To make a breach, a humpback whale must _.A. use its tail flukes to leap out of the water B. twist its body sideways to jump high.C. blow two streams of water D. commun
42、icate with a group of humpbacks.71. From the passage we can learn that a humpback whale _.A. has its unique markings on it tail flukes B. has black and white fingerprintsC. gets its name from the way it hunts D. is a great performer due to its songsC Human remains of ancient settlements will be rebu
43、ried and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archeologists (考古学家) says. In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centers on
44、the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significa
45、nce. “Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or a further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice,” they write. The law app
46、lies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the groun
47、d. The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe an
48、d the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed. Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 185
49、7 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it. Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said: “Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to belie
50、ve the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.” The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept.72. According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because _.A. it is only a t
51、emporary measure on the human remainsB. it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific researchC. it was introduced by the government without their knowledgeD. it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains73. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Temp
52、orary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time.B. Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh.C. Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time.D. Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed.74. What can be inferred abo
53、ut the British law governing human remains?A. The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains.B. The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857.C. The law on human remains hasnt changed in recent decades.D. The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the l
54、aw.75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands.B. Research time should be extended, scientists require.C. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say.D. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, ar
55、cheologists warn.Section CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.A. Manufacturing industry in information economyB. News in the age of informationC. Argument about individual accounts and
56、their reliabilityD. Be your own investigative journalistE. Dont believe everything you read in the newspapers.F. Information is presented in an entertaining way.76. _ With the arrival of the age of “information economy”, intellectual work is becoming a more important source of wealth than manufactur
57、ing. Organizations in all walks of life are doing more to spread their information. So people of the Public Relations are hired to speak for them. A lot of our news is actually collected from press releases and reports of events intentionally staged for journalists. In the information age, journalis
58、ts spend their time, not investigating, but passing on the words of a spokesperson.77. _ There is a joke in the novel Scoop about the newspapers owner, Lord Copper. The editors can never disagree with him. When hes right about something they answer “definitely”, and when hes wrong they say “to some
59、extent, Lord Copper.” It seems reasonable to suppose that, in the real world, the opinions of such powerful people still influence the journalists and editors who work for them.78. _ In countries where the news is not officially controlled, it may be provided by commercial organizations who depend o
60、n advertising. The news has to attract viewers and maintain its audience ratings. I suspect that some stories get air-time just because there happen to be exciting pictures to show. In Britain, we have the tabloid newspapers which millions of people read simply for entertainment. There is progressiv
61、ely less room for historical background, or statistics, which are harder to present as a sensational story.79. _ There is an argument that with spreading access to the internet and cheap technology for recording sound and images we will all be able to find exactly the information we want. People aro
62、und the world will be able to publish their own eye-witness accounts and compete with the widely-accepted news-gatherers on equal terms. But what it will mean also is that well be subjected to a still greater amount of nonsense and lies. Any web log may contain the latest information of the year, or
63、 equally, a made-up story that you will never be able to check.80. _ Maybe the time has come to do something about it, and I dont just mean changing your choice of TV channel or newspaper. In a world where everyone wants you to listen to their version, you only have two choices: switch off altogethe
64、r or start looking for sources you can trust. The investigative journalist of the future is everyone who wants to know the truth.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Sociologists have long recognised that
65、organisations of less than 200 individuals can operate through the free flow of information among the members. Once their size goes beyond this figure, the organizations are getting less flexible. So it seems necessary to prevent total disorder resulting from failures of communication. One solution
66、to this problem would, of course, be to structure large organisations into smaller units of a size that can act as a group. By allowing these groups to build reliance on each other, larger organizations can be built up. However, merely having groups of, say, 150 will never of itself be a complete so
67、lution to the problems of the organization. Something else is needed: the people involved must be able to build direct personal relationships. To allow free flow of information, they have to be able to communicate with each other in a casual way. Maintaining too formal a structure of relationships i
68、nevitably prevents the way a system works. The importance of this was drawn to my attention two years ago by the case of a TV station. Whether by chance or by design, it so happened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station. The whole process worked very smoothly as an organization fo
69、r many years until they were moved into purpose-built accommodation. Then, for no apparent reason, the work seemed to be more difficult to do, not to say less satisfying. It was some time before they work out what the problem was. It turn out that, when the architects were designing the new building
70、, they decided that the coffee room where everyone ate their sandwiches at lunch times was an unnecessary luxury and so did away with it. And with that, they accidentally destroyed the close social networks that strengthened the whole organization. What had apparently been happening was that, as peo
71、ple gathered informally over their sandwiches in the coffee room, useful information was casually being exchanged.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)81. What size of an organization may lead to communication failures?82. What are the two solutions to
72、the communication problem within a large organization?83. After the TV station moved into new accommodation, its operation _.84. From the case of the TV station, we can conclude it is _ that make(s) an organization more successful.Presentation(2) - 虚拟语气的用法语法虚拟语气1） 概念 ：虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件， 不
73、一定是事实，或与事实相反。2） 在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。1.真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。 时态关系句型：条件从句主句一般现在时shall/will + 动词原形If he comes, he will bring his violin.典型例题The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained注意：1）
74、在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.( ) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.( ) I_2） 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时 的动词形式。 2.非真实条件句1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。a. 同现在事实相反的假设。 句型 ： 条件从句 主句 一般过去时 should( would) +动词原形eg： b. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。 句型： 条件从句 主句 过去完成时 should(w
75、ould) have+ 过去分词 eg:c. 表示对将来的假想句型： 条件从句 主句 一般过去时were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形should+ 动词原形eg: 1.2.3.混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在)
76、 4.虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 _=If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met him=_ Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was， 即在从
77、句中be用were代替。 eg：如果我是你，就会去找他。 _ 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。_典型例题_ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I wereC. Were ID. Was I 5特殊的虚拟语气词：should1） It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that结构中的主语从句的谓语动 词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。句型： (1)suggested It is (2)importantthat+ (should) do (3) a p
78、ity(1)suggested,ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted；+ (should) do (2)important, necessary, natural, strange，a pity, a shame, no wonder2）在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do I suggest that we (s
79、hould) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there. 注意：如suggest, insist不表示建议 或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们 用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.判断改错:（ ）You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. ( ) Your pale face suggests that you are
80、 ill. ( ) I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. ( ) I insisted that you were wrong.3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句, 同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。_6.wish的用法1） wish后面的宾语从句，表示不可能实现的愿望。其动词形式有三种：A.动词用过去式，表示与现在事实相反的一种愿望。B. 动词用过去完成式，表示与过去事实相反的愿望。C. 动词用would/shou
81、ld +动词原形，表示与将来事实很可能相反或不可能实现的愿望 从句动作先于主句动词动作现在时 过去时（be的过去式为 were）从句动作与主句动作同时发生过去时过去完成时（had + 过去分词）将来不大可能实现的愿望将来时would/could +动词原形典型考例How I wish every family_a large house with a beautiful garden!(上海春) A. has B. had C. will have D. had had Eg: I wish I_我希望和你一样高。 He wished _ 他希望他没讲那样的话。 I wish it _. 我希
82、望明天下雨就好了。2）Wish to do表达法。 Wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.) 7.比较if only与only ifonly if表示只有；if only则表示如果就好了。If only也可用于陈述语气。I wake up _ the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会
83、醒。If only the alarm clock had rung.当时闹钟响了，就好了。 _he comes early.但愿他早点回来。 8.It is (high) time thatIt is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词 原形，但should不可省略。eg:_ 9 need 不必做和本不该做didnt need to do表示： 过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。.neednt have done表示： 过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。区别：1,John went to the station with the car to m
84、eet Mary, so she didnt need to walk back home. 2.John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she neednt have walked back home典型例题There was plenty of time. She _. A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurried C. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried10.would rather /sooner句型中的虚拟语气 would ra
85、ther/sooner句型表示“宁愿”，谓语动词用一般过去式表示尚未发生的动作；用过去完成时表示对已经发生的动作的某种愿望。如： I would rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。04aLtgCXTfK9vnkg I would rather he hadnt been so rude in the past. 我但愿他不曾那么粗鲁。04aLtgCXTfK9vnkg 11.as if / though 句型中的虚拟语气 在as if/though引导的方式状语从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示和现在事实相反或有所怀疑；用过去完成式表示对过去事实的假设。但是，如是表示
86、的情况是真实的或实现的可能性很大时，句中的谓语动词用陈述语气。如： He is running about _. 他跑来跑去像疯了似的。 He appeared as if he _ about it. 他看上去似乎对此一无所知。 It looks as if _ rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 He talks as if _ 他说起话来好像醉了。LtgCXTfK9vnkg 典型考例When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it_.(NMET95) A. breaks B. has broken C. were br
87、oken D. had been broken 12、in case/for fear句型中的虚拟语气 in case表示“以防万一”，for fear表示“唯恐，免得”，由它们引出 的句型中，通常用“should +动词原形”构成。如: Take some money with you_you should need it. 随身带点钱，以防万一。 He put his overcoat over him _he should catch cold. 他披上大衣，怕感冒。 He is working hard _ he should fall behind. 他努力工作生怕落在人后。04aL
88、tgCXTfK9vnkg 13、but that句型中的虚拟语气 but that表示“要不是”，由would/should+动词原形构成谓语。But that he saw it (If he hadnt seen it), he wouldnt have believed it. 要不是亲眼所见，他真不敢相信。ZwJD4iN3mKbM6o1v 14混合时间条件句中的虚拟语气 有时虚拟条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致，遇到这种情况，就要根据不同的时间概念，适当调整主句和从句的动词。如：_ 要是大夫不来的话，病人现在就会死了。典型考例 It is hard for me to
89、 imagine what I would be doing today if I_in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my home-town (NMET02上海) A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 15、“If it were not for.”句型中的虚拟语气 “If it were not for.”句型意为“如果没有”，“要不是”，用“should/would +动词原形”表示同现在事实相
90、反的虚拟语气；“If it had not been for.”句型意为“如果当时没有”，谓语动词用“would +完成式”，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。如： 1. 如果没有雨，庄稼就会死了。_2. 如果当时没有你及时的帮助，我会失败的。_、16、含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气 在英语虚拟语气中，有时表示假设的虚拟条件不一定都有明显的虚拟条件从句，而是利用某些词、短语或通过上下文表现出来。常用的词或短语有：with, without, but for, otherwise, or, but等。如： _ 1. 没有空气便没有生物。2. But for their help， we couldnt ge
91、t over the difficulties. _3.He would have given you more help, but he was so busy._-_.cnZwJD4iN3mK 典型考例1 Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Other-wise， she _something she would regret later.（NMET96上海） A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said 典型考例2 Without the air to hold some
92、 of the suns heat,the earth at night_, too cold for us to live.（NMET97 上海） A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly 17、独立主格结构中的虚拟语气 在独立主格结构中也经常用虚拟语气，表示一种遗憾。如： Eg：All things considered, the price would be reasonable. _ZwJD4iN3mKbM6o 18.公式化的句型中的
93、虚拟语气 在一些公式化的句型中的虚拟语气是由动词原形（不和主语保持人称、时态和数的一致） 或may +主语+动词原形（经常倒装）构成，表示一种祝愿。如： Focused practice(2)Handout 3 虚拟语气巩固练习. We demanded that we _ of any change in the plan. A) informed B) would be informed C) be informed D) had been informed2. Its necessary that he _ a recognized qualification. A) has B) ha
94、ve C) had D) having3. Its high time we _ our attention to this problem. A) turned B) turn C) had turned D) would turn4. If only you _ him what I said! Everything would have been all right. A) didnt told B) hadnt told C) would not tell D) would have not told5. He must have had an accident, or he_ her
95、e then. A) would have beenB) had been C) should have beenD) could be6. Much labour would have been saved if the electronic computers_ before. A) had inventedB) were invented B) should have been invented D) had been invented7. _ cease advertising, prices would be significantly reduced. A) Were they t
96、o B) Could they C) If they D) Would they8. Five minutes earlier, and we _ the last bus.A) had caught B) should have caught C) could have caught D) caught9. You _ the clothes! We have a washerwoman to do that sort of thing. A) shouldnt have washed B) mustnt have washed C) can not have washed D) needn
97、t have washed10. Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she _ a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often. A) has to get B) were to get C) had got D) could have got11. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _ himself. A) injure B) had injured
98、 C) injured D) would injure12. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _ after 11 oclock at night. A) were not playedB) not to play b C) not be playedD) did not play13. You dont have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you _ on business first. (98-1-59) A) would go B) will go
99、C) went D) have gone14. It is important that enough money _ to fund the project. A) be collected B) must be collected C) was collected D) can be collected15. If only the committee _ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible. A) approve B) will approve C) can approve D) would appro
100、ve16. I dont think it advisable that Tom _ to the job since he has no experience. A) is assigned B) will be assigned C) be assigned D) has been assigned17. You _ her in her office last Friday; shes been out of town for two weeks. A) neednt have seen B) must have seen C) might have seen D) cant have
101、seen18. We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we _ him. A) would have telephoned B) must have telephoned C) would telephone D) had telephoned19. It is recommended that the project _ until all the preparations have been made. A) is not started B) will not be started C) not be startedD) is not
102、 to be started20. I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A) could have slept B) slept C) might have slept D) have slept21. I _ her to the party but I didnt know her well. A) ought have invitedB) would have invited C) should inviteD) may have invited22. You _ to town t
103、o see the film last week. It will be on TV tomorrow. A) neednt go B) should not go C) had better not go D) neednt have gone23. With all this work on hand, he _ to the cinema last night. A) mustnt go B) wouldnt go C) oughtnt to go D) shouldnt have gone24. It was essential that the application forms _
104、 back before the deadline (截止日期) A) must be sent B) would be sent C) be sent D) were sentHome assignmentHandout 4 .词义辨析1. Being in a leading position, one must base his decisions on actual facts instead of on _ likes and dislikes.A. human B. private C. personal D. own2. He ran down the beach and _ i
105、nto the sea.A. sank B. headed C. bathed D. plunged3. When we do a good job, the boss _ us with special gifts.A. awarded B. offered C. affords D. rewards4. I feel _ of his being able to buy a new car.A. jealous B. unfair C. greedy D. mean5. The boy _ that the wallet was his, and he was telling the tr
106、uth.A. announced B. declared C. claimed D. reported6. Lucy is a girl who is hard to please. She is _ about everything.A. special B. especial C. peculiar D. particular7. Dont bother me and today I have no _ for jokes.A. feeling B. mood C. emotion D. sense8. Yesterday I had a bad toothache and I had t
107、o take some pills to _ the pain.A. prevent B. avoid C. kill D. escape9. When I saw Rosie, I stopped and smiled but she _ me and walked on.A. missed B. neglected C. ignored D. overlooked10. My uncle has lost his wallet with 3000 yuan in it, and I am going to say something to _ him.A. release B. comfo
108、rt C. amuse D. entertain11. Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind as well as _ sicknesses.A. normal B. regular C. average D. ordinary12. According to yesterdays newspaper, a(n) _ family of city residents in this country owns about 80,000 yuan in the banks. A. general B. comm
109、on C. average D. usual13. Mrs. Brown found herself lost because she could find no _ of the hotel when she had walked twenty minutes.A. mark B. feature C. sign D. symbol14. The manager _ one of the hotel servants of stealing the money.A. blamed B. accused C. scolded D. charged15. This hotel _ $60 for
110、 a single room with bath.A. claims B. demands C. prices D. chargesHandout 5. ClozeMr Smith was a wealthy industrialist, but he was not satisfied with life. He did not sleep well and his food did not 1 with him. The situation lasted for some time. Finally, after a 2 of sleepless nights, he decided to
111、 consult his doctor. The doctor advised a change of 3 . “Go abroad,” he said, “But Im not good at foreign languages,” said Mr Smith. “It doesnt matter,” said the doctor. “It wont 4 you to talk a little less. Go on a voyage. Take plenty of exercise. Try to reduce your weight, 5 rich food.” Mr Smith w
112、ent to Switzerland. He did not know French or German, and had to communicate through gestures. He attended a physical training course. The instructor made him bend his knees, swing his arms, stretch his neck and shake his head rapidly. He had to lie on the ground and raise his right and left legs 6
113、. After a time his muscles grew hard and firm. The life suited him; he almost put aside his financial 7 and nearly forgot the importance of making more money. He even began to 8 individual trees and individual birds. He ate and slept well. Finally he returned home. But unfortunately his improvement
114、was temporary. Soon he was a 9 businessman again, worried about his property, his profits, his savings, his success in a 10 society, and things in general.1. A. agreeB. tasteC. suitD. fit2. A. seriesB. courseC. numberD. few3. A. situationsB. surroundingsC. weatherD. life4. A. stop B. hurtC. helpD. p
115、revent5. A. eatB. prepareC. avoidD. try6. A. highlyB. widelyC. alternatelyD. regularly7. A. hardship B. debtsC. worriesD. success8. A. seeB. noticeC. glanceD. consider9. A. rich B. happyC. normalD. successful10. A. struggleB. businessC. miserableD. competitiveSummary of the Lesson本课主要讲解了以下几点内容：课后请完成Handouts 1，下次课带来批改。Preview of Next Lesson下次课主要针对的内容：请做好预习